双颗粒在溶解条件下沉降的多相流动特性

对牛顿流体内溶解双颗粒在垂直管道中的沉降运动进行了直接数值模拟. 流体运动由守恒方程计算, 密度和黏性的变化考虑流场温度变化的影响, 通过积分粘性应力和压力获得颗粒的受力跟踪颗粒运动, 溶解引起的相变及其形状的变化由溶解潜热、溶解质量与分散相边界处的温度梯度的关系建立的方程决定. 通过颗粒和流体间相互的作用力和力矩及边界条件的施加实现相间耦合. 对双颗粒在等温流体无溶解条件和非等温流体溶解条件下的沉降过程进行了计算. 结果表明, 在一定雷诺数内, 热对流产生的颗粒尾迹处涡的脱落以及溶解引起的颗粒质量、颗粒表面形态的变化引起了颗粒的横向摆动, 并使颗粒沉降速度发生了变化.     

溶解椭圆颗粒沉降的介观尺度数值模拟

在任意拉格朗日欧拉(ALE)算法模拟有热对流影响的颗粒两相流动的直接数值模拟基础上, 通过建立颗粒溶解速度和颗粒表面热流密度的关系, 对溶解的椭圆颗粒在垂直管道内牛顿流体中的沉降进行了直接数值模拟. 计算结果表明:与等温惰性椭圆颗粒沉降相比, 流体的对流运动、颗粒质量以及形状的变化等因素使溶解的椭圆颗粒在不同初始角度沉降时, 颗粒沉降动态尾迹、颗粒受力、颗粒沉降速度等都发了较大变化.     

热对流条件下双颗粒沉降的直接数值模拟

在任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)算法模拟等温惰性颗粒两相流的基础上,增加对能量方程的联立求解,对热对流条件下双颗粒的沉降进行了直接数值模拟.结果表明:双颗粒在等温流体、热流体和冷流体中运动形式是不同的,造成不同的主要因素是热对流引起了颗粒不同的动态尾迹,在热流体中颗粒尾部形成了涡的脱落,在冷流体中颗粒尾部形成了羽流.     

热对流条件下固液密度比对颗粒沉降运动影响的直接数值模拟

本文应用任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)算法对固液两相流流场中考虑热对流的非等温颗粒在竖直通道中的沉降运动进行了数值模拟.在牛顿流体中通过积分黏性应力和压力获得颗粒的受力跟踪颗粒运动,使用有限元方法数值求解流场的N-S方程和能量方程,模型不需经验假设.通过模拟来研究颗粒沉降的运动规律和热对流下固液密度比对固液两相流的影响作用.结果表明随着固液密度比的增加,颗粒经历了稳定沉降、周期性摆动,不规则摆动等过程;热对流使颗粒的摆动幅度和沉降速度发生变化;热对流对颗粒的影响作用随着固液密度比的增加而减小.     

热对流条件下颗粒沉降的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟了在热对流条件下的颗粒沉降问题, 在研究单颗粒在等温流体、热流体和冷流体中运动的基础上, 进一步模拟了两个不同温度的颗粒在流体中的沉降.结果表明:两等温颗粒的沉降方式与雷诺数Re以及格拉晓夫数Gr密切相关, 而两不同温度的颗粒与两等温颗粒的沉降规律有显著不同.无论初始位置如何, 冷颗粒最终总位于热颗粒下方运动, Re较大时, 发生连续的拖曳、接触现象, 而Re较小时, 冷颗粒会以较大的沉降速度远离热颗粒. 关键词： 格子Boltzmann方法 颗粒沉降 热对流     

直接模拟中不同边界条件的实施及对沉降规律的影响

在牛顿流体中, 对颗粒在4种不同边界的垂直通道中的沉降运动进行了直接数值模拟. 计算结果表明:通过计算区域随颗粒运动而移动构建的无限长通道能准确模拟颗粒自由下落到稳定沉降的发展过程; 周期性边界条件由于流场变化, 对颗粒沉降产生了影响, 不能模拟颗粒的自由沉降过程; 底部封闭边界适合模拟封闭容器内颗粒与固壁的相互作用过程, 若颗粒达到稳定沉降, 也能模拟无限长通道内的沉降过程; 流化边界适合模拟流化床内气固两相流动. 计算结果有助于更好地理解和使用不同边界条件. 关键词： 直接数值模拟 边界条件 沉降 任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法     

基于有限体积虚拟区域方法的两相流动直接模拟

为提高计算效率，提出有限体积法离散下的虚拟区域颗粒两相流动直接模拟方法.在控制方程中加入相应的虚拟区域源项，保证了颗粒内部的刚体运动特性.该源项中含有颗粒信息部分及流体信息部分.在每次迭代后，对源项中的流体信息部分进行更新，从而更好地保证颗粒内速度的刚体分布.计算静止颗粒圆柱绕流及单个颗粒的沉降过程，验证了算法的准确性.     

耗散粒子动力学对颗粒沉降问题的研究

给出了一种耗散粒子动力学方法模拟流体流动的理论及数值模型,包括控制方程组、边界条件、数值计算方法.使用耗散粒子动力学方法编程计算了颗粒在重力作用下的沉降运动,观察到颗粒的质量和所受重力对颗粒运动轨迹的影响,且颗粒质量越小,所受重力越小,颗粒运动所表现出的随机性越强烈.从而验证了所采用的数学模型、计算方法在流动数值模拟中的可行性及潜在优势.     

用谱方法数值模拟槽道内的气固两相流动

在数值模拟领域内,谱方法具有收敛快、分辨率高和精度高的优点．谱方法处理边界方便,随着数值方法的改善和计算机的发展,它在数值模拟中的作用愈加重要．这里采用谱方法数值求解三维Ｎ—Ｓ方程,用这一方法计算了直槽道内流体的流动．计算得到的层流和湍流结果与理论结果符合地较好．在此基础之上进一步模拟了几种不同槽道内的三维粘性流体层流流动,特别在弯曲槽道内的流动计算中,发展了源项处理方法,正确地反映了弯曲固壁对流体流动的影响．通过对湍流计算获得的脉动速度场的统计可以得到湍流运动的许多统计量,正确地反映了湍流运动的特征,说明可以用模拟得到的流场来代替真实的流场．进行了气固两相流动的研究,由直接模拟得到的流体瞬时速度场对固体粒子的作用进行了粒子运动的模拟计算,得到了颗粒在真实流场中运动的浓度,轨道等有用信息和运动特性,得到了令人鼓舞的结果．     

颗粒沉降运动的虚拟区域法直接数值模拟

文采用基于四边形网格的分布式拉格朗日乘子／虚拟区域方法(DLM／FD method)对二维方槽内775个圆形颗粒在流体中的沉降过程进行了直接数值模拟。得到了颗粒流沉降过程中流体和颗粒速度和涡量分布、流场压力分布等流动细节,展示了颗粒在沉降过程中由于相间的相互作用以及颗粒间的作用,使得颗粒流在流场内形成大小不一的旋流区,颗粒回旋着沉降,同时颗粒的尾涡影响附近颗粒的运动．本文的结果说明分布式拉格朗日乘子／虚拟区域方法对模拟存在很多颗粒的悬浮体流动是可行的。     

Dilatation and pattern formation of cells in internally heated convection

The dilatation and the pattern formation of convection cells in natural convection driven by internal heat generation, first investigated during the 1970s, are reexamined in this paper using an improved experimental apparatus in order to reduce uncertainties as much as possible. The convective motion in the fluid layer was visualized using reflecting particles (Kalliroscope). Cell dilatation was confirmed in the improved experimental apparatus and then investigated quantitatively by extracting the pattern wavenumber from Fourier analysis of the images recorded by a digital camera. The pattern wavenumber was found to decrease with increasing Rayleigh number. We compare our results with earlier investigations and discuss the influence of the thermal boundary condition at the bottom of the fluid layer on the variation of the wavenumber. Two different structures were observed in the same fluid layer at a relatively high Rayleigh number; an additional cell appears in the original cell (Double cell structure) and the descending flow region around the center of the cell expands laterally like a spoke of wheels (Spoke-like structure). Factors for the formation of such complex structures are discussed.     

Visualization of turbulence structure in unsteady non-penetrative thermal convection using liquid crystal thermometry and stereo velocimetry

Temperature and velocity fields in unsteady non-penetrative turbulent thermal convection of a horizontal fluid layer are measured in horizontal and vertical planes simultaneously using the combined liquid-crystal thermometry and stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV) with high spatial and temporal resolution. The result shows the formation of convection pattern across the fluid layer, which originates from the spoke structure over the heated surface. The upward fluid motion is generated from the intersection of the bursting lines of the spoke structure, while the downward motion is induced by the low temperature fluid directing toward the center of the spoke structure. Thus, the large-scale convective motion is produced in the fluid layer through the motion of spoke structure. The POD analysis of the temperature and velocity eigenfunctions shows the existence of large-scale motion in the fluid layer, which supports the observed convection pattern near the heated boundary and in the middle of the fluid layer.     

超临界流体Rayleigh-Bénard对流的数值模拟研究

物质气液临界点附近热物理性质发生剧烈变化,会出现一种对热力学平衡有显著加速作用的热声活塞效应。而在长时间尺度上,因重力作用而产生的Rayleigh-Bénard对流在活塞效应的影响下,其表现出来的物理特性与普通流体相比存在较大的差异。我们通过SIMPLE方法对超临界氮在不同临界距离下的自然对流发生过程进行数值模拟,结果显示当流体热力学状态接近临界点时,对流作用的发生取决于边界层内热羽流的形成,并且具有明显的湍流特征,而随着离开临界点的距离加大,流场的形成逐渐过渡到一般可压缩流体的情形。     

Asymptotic Analysis for a Vlasov-Fokker-Planck/ Compressible Navier-Stokes System of Equations

This article is devoted to the asymptotic analysis of a system of coupled kinetic and fluid equations, namely the Vlasov-Fokker-Planck equation and a compressible Navier-Stokes equation. Such a system is used, for example, to model fluid-particle interactions arising in sprays, aerosols or sedimentation problems. The asymptotic regime corresponding to a strong drag force and a strong Brownian motion is studied and the convergence toward a two phase macroscopic model is proved. The proof relies on a relative entropy method. A. Mellet was partially supported by NSF grant DMS-0456647.     

Simulation of natural convection under high magnetic field by means of the thermal lattice Boltzmann method

The thermal lattice Boltzmann method (TLBM), which was proposed by J. G. M. Eggels and J. A. Somers previously, has been improved in this paper. The improved method has introduced a new equilibrium solution for the temperature distribution function on the assumption that flow is incompressible, and it can correct the effect of compressibility on the macroscopic temperature computed. Compared to the previous method, where the halfway bounce back boundary condition was used for non-slip velocity and temperature, a non-equilibrium extrapolation scheme has been adopted for both velocity and temperature boundary conditions in this paper. Its second-order accuracy coincides with the ensemble accuracy of lattice Boltzmann method. In order to validate the improved thermal scheme, the natural convection of air in a square cavity is simulated by using this method. The results obtained in the simulation agree very well with the data of other numerical methods and benchmark data. It is indicated that the improved TLBM is also successful for the simulations of non-isothermal flows. Moreover, this thermal scheme can be applied to simulate the natural convection in a non-uniform high magnetic field. The simulation has been completed in a square cavity filled with the aqueous solutions of KCl (11wt%), which is considered as a diamagnetic fluid with electrically low-conducting, with Grashof number Gr=4.64×104 and Prandtl number Pr=7.0. And three cases, with different cavity locations in the magnetic field, have been studied. In the presence of a high magnetic field, the natural convection is quenched by the body forces exerted on the electrically low-conducting fluids, such as the magnetization force and the Lorentz force. From the results obtained, it can be seen that the quenching efficiencies decrease with the variation of location from left, symmetrical line, to the right. These phenomena originate from the different distributions of the magnetic field strengths in the zones of the symmetrical central line of the magnetic f