纹影法测量远场焦斑实验研究

 报导了用纹影法测量远场焦斑的实验结果。远场焦斑经成像透镜放大成像后，由12bit，1 024×1 024面阵科学级CCD相机采集。将一定大小的小球放置在焦斑位置，用以遮挡光斑中心，控制CCD前的衰减可得旁瓣信息，将其与无遮挡光斑拼接，得到焦斑相对强度的完整分布。该方法扩展了焦斑光强测试的动态范围，可探测焦斑约4个量级的光能密度分布，提高了焦斑的测量精度。     

测量光学系统焦平面能量分布的一种方法

介绍了测量加工欠完善光学系统焦平面能量分布的“光线追迹”法。它类似于哈特曼方法,用该法测量了用于激光等离子体实验的非球面-球面透镜的焦斑大小及能量分布,为改进透镜加工及计算靶面上的能量密度提供了依据。     

针孔法测量X光源焦斑尺寸

通过针孔成像法得到X光源强度空间分布图像,直接读取图像数据得到X光源的半高宽焦斑（FWHM）尺寸,对图像数据进行傅里叶变换得到调制传递函数,并计算得到X光源的等效焦斑尺寸（50%MTF）。应用针孔成像法测量多脉冲电子直线感应加速器产生的X光源焦斑尺寸,测量结果表明,加速器性能稳定。定义焦斑形状因子参数并用于描述X光源分布,结果表明,该加速器X光源分布在高斯分布和本涅特分布之间变化。     

激光脉冲宽度对有质动力加速电子的影响

基于真空中单电子运动模型,编程计算得到了高斯激光脉冲与初始位于激光传播轴上电子的相互作用结果。不同激光参鼍条件下,得到了电子的能量增益与激光强度、焦斑大小和脉冲宽度关系。结果表明,高斯激光脉冲焦斑较大时,电子没有明显的能量增益,高斯激光脉冲焦斑太小时,电子也没有明显的能量增益。电子的能量增益有一个最佳焦斑大小。在相同激光强度下,电子能量增益的最佳焦斑大小随脉冲宽度的增大而增大,但最佳焦斑大小与脉冲宽度的比值基本上是不变的。     

滚边法测量高能X射线源焦斑大小

应用于高能闪光X光照相技术的X射线源焦斑大小是闪光照相装置的关键参数, 直接影响成像的分辨能力。由于高能X射线的强穿透性和强辐射环境, 给焦斑测量带来一定困难。介绍了一种间接测量方法, 采用滚边装置(rollbar)成像得到X射线源的边扩展函数, 微分后得到光源的线扩展函数并计算调制传递函数(MTF), 而后从MTF为0.5所对应的空间频率之值确定出光源的光斑大小。给出了神龙二号加速器电子束聚焦调试实验中得到的X射线焦斑测量结果, 分析影响测量结果的因素并提出了解决方法。     

激光远场焦斑测试技术的实验研究

 实验研究了激光远场焦斑能量分布测试的三种方法（长焦距透镜法、列阵相机法、Rattle Pair法），对三种测试方法得到的实验数据进行了比对，系统地分析了每种方法的优缺点。结果表明,采用长焦距透镜与一对微楔角劈板组合测试激光远场焦斑的方法更具优势，可减少测试系统引入的像差，并使图像处理过程得到简化。     

飞秒激光作用下质子产额及空间分布

在超短超强激光装置SILEX-Ⅰ上,利用HD810辐射变色膜在靶背法线方向测量了质子产额及空间分布。测量结果显示:光学密度与质子流量密切相关,光学密度越大,质子流量就越大;当C8H8厚度相同,Cu厚度增加时,质子产额随辐射变色膜的光学密度平均值减小而减小;当靶相同,激光功率密度越小时,光学密度平均值就越小,则质子产额也越小;实验中还得到了质子呈环状、成丝和圆盘状结构的空间分布,该空间分布的大小与激光焦斑大小无关。     

强流加速器基于空间限束的亚毫米焦斑产生技术研究

焦斑大小是评价加速器性能的关键指标之一,减小焦斑尺寸可以有效提高闪光照相中对客体成像的空间分辨能力。本文研究设计空间限束结构,减小加速器光源焦斑的有效尺寸降低成像几何模糊。采用蒙特卡罗方法对电子束打靶产生轫致辐射和光子穿过空间限束结构的成像过程进行模拟,分析采用不同空间限束结构时光源有效焦斑的分布及大小、光子角度分布和能谱分布等特征参数。理论计算结果表明,通过空间限束可以使强流加速器光源焦斑FWHM减小至亚毫米量级。     

实现ICF束匀滑的二元光学器件设计与制作

 采用爬山法和模拟退火法相结合的混合优化算法,设计得到了二元光学器件的良好位相结构;基于高斯分布随机信号模型,分析了二元光学器件对输入波面位相畸变的宽容度。首次针对波长λ＝1.053μm研制了φ10mm的连续位相二元光学器件,并通过多级衰减片及CCD实现了焦斑光强分布测量,结果表明得到了边缘陡峭、旁瓣小、中心主瓣具有一定均匀性、且没有中心零级锐脉冲的焦斑光强分布。     

X光焦斑测量方法研究

采用组合型诊断技术获取Ｘ光辐射时间、空间、能谱相互关联的３维信息,得到了Ｘ光焦斑随时间和随入射激光能量的变化关系,并观测到膨胀等离子体、探测器阈值、测量能区以及测试方位对Ｘ光焦斑测量带来的影响。     

强激光脉冲在部分离化等离子体中的传播特性

采用变分法给出了强激光脉冲在部分离化等离子体中传播的参数演化方程,其中考虑了相对论自聚焦、有质动力激发尾波场以及部分离化非线性极化强度的影响。通过非线性动力学分析的方法,得到了强激光脉冲以恒定焦斑半径传播时的激光、等离子体参数匹配条件。研究表明:在部分离化等离子体中,激光自聚焦随着电离程度的增大而增强;有质动力激发的尾波场进一步增强激光脉冲的自聚焦;相对于等离子体密度而言,激光强度对激光脉冲的自聚焦更有影响。     

Nonlinear propagation of an intense Laguerre–Gaussian laser pulse in a plasma channel

The nonlinear propagation of an intense Laguerre–Gaussian(LG) laser pulse in a parabolic preformed plasma channel is analyzed by means of the variational method. The evolution equation of the spot size is derived including the effects of relativistic self-focusing, preformed channel focusing, and ponderomotive self-channeling. The parametric conditions of the LG laser pulse and plasma channel for propagating with constant spot size, periodically focusing and defocusing oscillation,catastrophic focusing, and solitary waves are obtained. Compared with the laser pulse with fundamental Gaussian(FG)mode, it is found that the effect of vacuum diffraction is reduced by half and the effects of relativistic and wakefield focusing are decreased by a quarter due to the hollow transverse intensity profile of the LG laser pulse, while the effect of channel focusing is the same order of magnitude with that of the FG laser pulse. Thus, the matched condition for the intense LG laser pulse with constant spot size is released obviously, while the parameters of the laser and plasma for the existence of solitary waves nearly coincide with those of the FG laser pulse.     

Effects of Higher-Order Relativistic Nonlinearity and Wakefield During a Moderately Intense Laser Pulse Propagation in a Plasma Channel

Using a variational approach, the propagation of a moderately intense laser pulse in a parabolic preformed plasma channel is investigated. The effects of higher-order relativistic nonlinearity (HRN) and wakefield are included. The effect of HRN serves as an additional defocusing mechanism and has the same order of magnitude in the spot size as that of the transverse wakefield (TWF). The effect of longitudinal wakefield is much larger than those of HRN and TWF for an intense laser pulse with the pulse length equaling the plasma wavelength. The catastrophic focusing of the laser spot size would be prevented in the present of HRN and then it varies with periodic focusing oscillations.     

Effects of Higher-Order Relativistic Nonlinearity and Wakefield During a Moderately Intense Laser Pulse Propagation in a Plasma Channel

Using a variational approach,the propagation of a moderately intense laser pulse in a parabolic preformed plasma channel is investigated.The effects of higher-order relativistic nonlinearity (HRN) and wakefield are included.The effect of HRN serves as an additional defocusing mechanism and has the same order of magnitude in the spot size as that of the transverse wakefield (TWF).The effect of longitudinal wakefield is much larger than those of HRN and TWF for an intense laser pulse with the pulse length equaling the plasma wavelength.The catastrophic focusing of the laser spot size would be prevented in the present of HRN and then it varies with periodic focusing oscillations.     

Surface treatment with linearly polarized laser beam at oblique incidence

An effective method for surface heat treatment with 10.6 μm linear polarized laser beam at oblique incidence is reported. A circular focused laser spot on the workpiece surface, simultaneously with 2.2–4 times increasing of the absorption are obtained in the 70–80° range of the incidence angle. The main element of the experimental setup is the astigmatic focusing head which focalize the laser beam into an elliptical spot of ellipticity >3 at normal incidence. At a proper incidence angle (obtained by the focusing head tilting) the focused laser spot on the work piece surface gets a circular form and p-state of polarization is achieved.We performed laser heat treatment (transformation hardening, surface remelting) of the uncoated surface, as well as the alloying and cladding processes by powder injection. An enhancement of the processing efficiency was obtained; in this way the investment and operation costs for surface treatment with CO₂ laser can be significantly reduced. Several technical advantages concerning the pollution of the focusing optical components, powder jet flowing and reflected radiation by the work piece surface are obtained.     

基于简单透镜列阵的可调焦激光均匀辐照光学系统研究

本文对基于简单透镜列阵的大口径激光均匀辐照光学系统的调焦能力进行了研究, 结果表明, 改变透镜列阵与靶镜之间的距离即可方便地改变靶面上光斑的大小. 文中详细分析了相关参数对调焦能力的影响, 并在此基础上设计出一个实用的光学系统. 用数值方法模拟了激光束通过光学系统后的传输, 发现尺寸不同的靶面光斑具有基本一致的强度结构特征. 定量地分析了光斑内部散斑间隔、调制对比度、顶部不均匀度及能量集中度等描述光斑均匀辐照质量的指标, 并研究了它们随靶面离焦量的变化关系.     

Excimer laser micromachining of aspheric microlenses with precise surface profile control and optimal focusing capability

This paper demonstrates the unique and exceptional capability of excimer laser micromachining in fabricating aspheric microlenses with precise surface profile control. A newly developed laser scanning method is introduced for machining refractive types of microlenses, which have pre-designed surface profiles aiming at minimizing the optical focal spot sizes. The machining accuracy and machined surface roughness are examined experimentally, and very good results are obtained. Optical testing on the fabricated aspheric microlenses shows significant improvement in focusing capability and the focal spot sizes are approaching optical diffraction limits. The proposed excimer laser micromachining method is flexible, versatile, and accurate, hence can be very useful and powerful in machining 3D microstructures of complex profiles and demanding profile accuracy.     

光束指向稳定性高精度检测方法研究北大核心CSCD

光束指向稳定性是高能激光应用研究中的一项关键指标,光束指向稳定性的检测是高能激光系统性能实现的重要环节。以长焦距聚焦反射镜与高分辨率CCD(charge coupled device)为主要元件,构建高精度的光束指向检测装置。采用灰度重心法定位光斑中心,并以理想光斑与实测光斑为例进行验证,误差小于1个像元。利用CCD高频采样,统计单位时间内光斑中心位移,获得光束指向稳定性指标,检测实例精度可达1.25μrad。该方法简便易行,测量精度高,适用于各种波长的激光光束指向检测以及其他相关参数的测量。     

天光一号打靶聚焦系统的研制

 介绍了在天光一号MOPA光学角多路系统中，将6束KrF准分子激光引入靶室的方法以及聚焦系统的研制。用紫外CCD相机测得6束激光聚到平面靶上的焦斑直径为290μm，靶上的功率密度达到8×10¹² W/cm²。     

用Hough变换提高激光光斑中心定位精度的算法

在激光扫描大型三维曲面测量中, 激光光斑中心的准确定位是提高测量分辨力的关键。当测距范围较大时, 受多种因素的影响, 激光光强分布严重不均致使其几何中心与强度中心发生了偏离。此时, 传统的光斑中心提取方法不能适用。为此, 根据光斑图像仍能给出圆形光斑的大部分轮廓这一特点, 提出了基于Ｈｏｕｇｈ 变换的激光光斑中心读取方法。实验结果表明该方法对提高大型三维曲面测量精度是有效的。