部分相干成像的光学传递函数

本文给出在准单色光照明下,部分相干和非相干成像光学传递函数新的计算方法。从基尔霍夫衍射积分出发,引进准波前像差,并在菲涅尔近似下给出点像振幅分布,对照明光源不作匹配限制,计算公式简明,准相干度（ 不同于传统的相干度） 容易计算。利用分片多项式插值计算准波前像差,从而可实现变形成像ＯＴＦ 的计算     

相干场成像技术接收镜精度对传递函数的影响

根据相干场成像技术(又称傅里叶望远镜)接收镜的特点, 研究了接收镜偏差对相干场成像技术光学传递函数的影响, 推导了光学传递函数与接收光路光程均方差的关系式. 该式表明相干场成像技术的光学传递函数是接收光路光程均方差与频差乘积的平方的负指数函数. 为确定接收系统精度提供了理论依据. 关键词： 相干场成像 傅里叶望远镜 误差 光学传递函数     

光学相干层析系统相干传递函数研究

在弱物体近似下从成像系统角度对光学相干层析测量技术进行了理论研究。分析了该技术测量样品纵深结构时图像的形成机理。结果表明它相当于一复振幅线性平移不变系统，从而可用相干传递函数描述系统性能，所得相干传递函数表明系统具有低通特性，半峰值带宽△ｋ＝２△λ／λ＾２。由于物体频谱整体平移了１／λ，测量的是纵向结构的高频信息。本文的工作为定量分析光学相干层析对未知结构的测量结果及进一步提高空间分辨率提供了理论     

图像二维运动时的光学传递函数计算

随着空间科学技术的发展,空间遥感,侦察的能力日益提高,对光学成像系统的分辨率的要求也越来越高。但是这种高分辨率成像系统的成像质量要受到机械振动的影响。可用运动光学传递函数来评价存在机械振动的光学系统的成像特性,本文探讨了计算运动光学传递函数的一种新方法－统计矩法,研究了当光学系统所成的像在二维方向上存在的运动时的运动光学传递函数的解析与数值方法。该方法可以计算任何形式的图像运动导致的成像质量的下降,而且可以很方便地应用到一维运动的情况。     

用传递函数法优化光学公差

用光学传递函数法制定公差适用于大像差光学系统。传递函数对公差的导数反映了公差对像质的影响程度。在批量生产中，加工误差符合概率统计规律，这就使我们能够借助于传递函数对公差的导数建立起加工误差与传递函数公差的关系式，从而保证光学系统的性能指标。本文应用此法得到的优化公差结果，对用计算机模拟加工的２０组镜头进行评价后，合格率达到了６０％，再加入装校时人工调整因素，合格率上升到８０％。     

相干场成像技术分辨率研究

根据光学传递函数的相关理论, 推导了相干场成像技术(又称傅里叶望远镜)的光学传递函数和点扩散函数, 给出了T型、O型两种发射镜阵列布局相干场成像系统的分辨率计算公式, 为分析相干场成像系统能实现的极限角分辨率提供了理论依据. 在此基础上研究了T型、O型两种发射镜阵列布局相干场成像系统的分辨率之间的关系. 关键词： 相干场成像 傅里叶望远镜 分辨率 光学传递函数     

光学成像在疾病诊断中的应用

当前，医生们利用各种成像技术与疾病进行斗争，其中光学成像技术是获得高分辨率图像的新方法，其原理是每种生物介质具有各自特有的光谱特性，可赖以区分病变组织和正常组织，或对潜在问题准确定位。而光学相干层析则是最精确的光学成像技术，可提供１０～２０μｍ量级的高分辨率及比迄今为止任何其他技术都高的灵敏度。本文着重讨论光学相干层析术的基本原理及目前发展状况     

基于固定校正镜的折衍共形光学系统设计

设计了一个大扫描视场的折衍混合红外共形光学系统,共形成像系统工作波段为3.7～4.8 m,相对孔径为1/2,焦距为120 mm,扫描视场为40。由于共形光学系统具有大偏心、大倾斜光学特性,像差校正难度较大,设计中采用固定校正镜和折衍混合混合结构校正了共形光学元件的像差,引入了非球面和衍射面有效消除了各个扫描视场的像差。设计结果表明:光学系统光阑与探测器冷光阑重合,满足100%冷光阑效率。在40扫描视场范围内,共形光学系统的光学传递函数曲线接近衍射极限,成像良好。     

光学综合孔径望远镜成像分析及计算机仿真

阐述了光学综合孔径(OSA)望远镜成像原理以及综合孔径望远镜的几种实现形式；采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法得到了任意子孔径综合模式下的点扩展函数(PSF)和光学传递函数(OTF)分布；从子孔径结构排列、共相位、图像恢复几个方面论述了光学综合孔径的成像特征。初步分析了稀疏率、填充因子、“实际截止频率”等因素对光学综合孔径望远镜成像的影响。分析和仿真结果表明：光学综合孔径通过相干成像不但可以突破传统单孔径系统的口径局限获得极高的成像分辨率，而且对于实现空间光学遥感系统轻量化和模块化都具有重要意义。     

超大视场折反射全景光学成像系统设计

折反射全景光学成像系统具有平面对称光学系统的成像特性,提出应用光焦度控制方程和超大视场光学系统六阶波像差理论来初步确定系统结构初始参数,在此结构基础上,应用Zemax软件对其进行设计和优化,得到了一款仅由1块偶次非球面反射镜和6块折射透镜组成的折反射全景光学成像系统。该系统工作在可见光波段,全视场角范围为12°～178°,F数为3.5,其像差得到了较理想校正,调制传递函数在空间频率40 lp/mm处均大于0.37,成像性能较好,满足实际应用要求。同时,对设计的系统进行了公差分析。     

Optical Transfer Function Reconstruction in Incoherent Fourier Ptychography

An optical transfer function(OTF) reconstruction model is first embedded into incoherent Fourier ptychography(IFP).The leading result is a proposed algorithm that can recover both the super-resolution image and the OTF of an imaging system with unknown aberrations simultaneously.This model overcomes the difficult problem of OTF estimation that the previous IFP faces.The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations,and the superior reconstruction is presented.We believe that the reported algorithm can extend the original IFP for more complex conditions and may provide a solution by using structured light for characterization of optical systems' aberrations.     

Optical filtering

This contribution deals with phase and amplitude filters used in coherent, partially coherent and incoherent illumination both for improvement of optical images and for detection of similarities (correlation). Other types of filters such as intensity filters, phase only filters etc. will be also discussed where appropriate. Most of the space, however, will be devoted to optical filtering in coherent illumination.     

Synthesis of spatial coherence

The mutual intensity function plays a major role in characterizing quasi-monochromatic, partially coherent optical signals. We propose to use the mutual intensity as a carrier of information to avoid speckle noise in coherent illumination systems and to permit the use of complex functions that are prohibited spatially incoherent sources. To do this we require methods for encoding the information as a coherence function. An optical system for synthesizing a beam with a given mutual intensity function is proposed. The optical system permits the synthesis of any desired mutual intensity function. The illumination is supplied by a quasi-monochromatic, spatially incoherent source. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of this system for several cases.     

彩色图像的非相干光相关识别

提出一种用非相干光系统识别彩色图像的方法,将脸色图像分解成三个单色像处理,设计一可实现的仅相位光学传递函数,对其进行带能优化,人而提高信噪比并使相关峰锐化,通过一对滤波器来合成该光学传递函数,获得了采色图像相关识别的实验结果。     

Comparative analysis of the resolving power of optoelectronic imaging systems upon incoherent and coherent illumination of objects

Results of calculations of the resolving power (according to Foucault) of optoelectronic imaging systems with incoherent and coherent illumination under the conditions of atmospheric phase distortions are presented. It is suggested that incoherent optical images are formed in the case of incoherent illumination and speckle images are formed in the case of coherent illumination. The shape of objects observed is estimated from these images. The resolving powers are shown to be practically the same in the formation of incoherent optical images and speckle images in the case of strong phase distortions and smoothing of images by a matrix photodetector. At the same time, the limiting resolving power in the formation of incoherent optical images is twice as large as in the formation of speckle images.     

Optical Image Combination and Logic AND Operation Using Beam Fanning Effect

Using the beam fanning effect in a BaTiO₃ crystal, we propose two simple set-ups to perform the function of an optical image combiner and an optical AND gate respectively. The optical image combiner combines two mutually coherent as well as mutually incoherent patterns transmitted to it separately into a single coherent pattern. This set-up can also be used as an optical OR gate. For the AND gate, the two input signals may also be mutually coherent or incoherent. Experimental results showed the response time of these two devices to range from 0.01 second to 2.5 seconds.     

ANALYSIS OF THE GENERAL EFFECTS IN DOUBLE-GRATING DIFFRACTION-INTERFERENCE SYSTEM

Based on the ambiguity function, the optical phenomena of the double-gearing diffraction-interference system are analysed with partially coherent illumination. Different patterns are observed on the observation plane when the optical elements are placed in their proper positions. Detailed discussions on the two extremes of coherence are given. Conclusions could be obtained about the Lau effect, the generalized Lau effect, the incoherent grating-lens imaging, the Talbot effect, the joint-Talbot effect and the generalized joint-Talbot effect. Some special cases are also verified by experiments.