同心圆靶的相对位置姿态的摄影测量方法

用一台数码相机拍摄同心圆靶标的照片,求出照片中这两个椭圆的方程。研究了一种解算方法,能用这两个椭圆方程的系数直接算出同心圆靶面的姿态。再求出椭圆平行于透视轴的切线及其切点的位置。利用这些切点的坐标解算同心圆圆心的像点位置和相机的焦距。如果知道同心圆的半径还可以求出同心圆靶的位置。所提方法可在停机坪标定飞机上的方向舵的角位移传感器;或用于追踪航天器自主测量目标航天器的相对位置姿态。     

基于计算机视觉的航天器间相对状态测量系统

在航天器编队飞行应用中,航天器间相对状态(相对位置和姿态)的确定是实现航天器自主控制的重要条件。通过充分利用计算机视觉理论及相机成像原理,提出了一种基于计算机视觉的航天器间相对状态的测量系统。推导了基于目标靶特征点确定航天器相对状态的四元数法,介绍了系统的测试原理及标定方法,并通过采用APSCMOS相机作为图像传感器,建立了它的试验原型,验证了测量原理和算法的正确性。该测量系统结构简单、体积小、重量轻、功耗低、算法简单、速度快,近距离测量精度高,能够广泛地应用于空间合作目标间相对状态的测量。     

硬管式无人机AAR双目视觉导航算法研究

针对硬管式无人机自主空中加油近距编队阶段的相对位置和姿态估计问题，研究了基于双目视觉的相对位姿估计算法。该算法采用Harris方法提取特征点，并对其进行快速匹配，通过Sampson方法三维重构获得特征点在摄像机坐标系下的三维坐标，以重构误差平方和最小为准则建立目标函数，利用单位四元数法求解位姿参数。最后利用仿真平台验证双目视觉位姿估计算法的有效性。结果表明:相对位置误差低于0.1 m，相对姿态误差小于0.5°，其精度满足自主空中加油相对导航性能要求。     

利用照度测距圆重叠区重心估计的可见光室内定位方法研究

基于点光源照度函数测距原理,提出了一种利用相对照度测距圆重叠区重心估计的定位方法。通过探测器与光源投影点的照度比来测量探测器与光源投影点之间的距离,并建立以投影点为圆心的测距圆方程;将三测距圆的公共重叠区域的重心作为探测器位置的估计值,求出该公共重叠区域重心位置即可实现定位;实验中以LED模拟点光源,采用所提出的方法,定位误差约为3.51cm。实验验证了本方法可实现快速、精确地室内定位。     

基于联合变换相关器的像移测量仿真分析

对基于联合变换相关器的像移测量数学原理进行了说明,介绍了面阵CCD的安装位置以及输入图像的获取方法,分析了低信噪比输入图像、相对转动位移对测量精度的影响。应用MATLAB对输入图像进行傅里叶变换得到联合功率谱,对二值化处理的功率谱进行傅里叶变换得到相关输出,用质量中心算法计算出像移量。分析得出,输入图像信噪比大于5dB,测量均方误差小于0.05像素;输入图像相对转动位移在0.1°的范围内,转动位移对测量精度和峰噪比的影响可以忽略不计。综合分析表明像移测量均方误差小于0.05像素。     

测速天幕靶幕面空间位置检测方法

 针对现有的天幕靶幕面空间位置参数检定方法需要拆卸的不足,提出一种不拆卸天幕靶对其探测幕面位置检测的方法。以经纬仪建立基准面,采用放置在基准面内特制的频闪小光源和设定天幕靶输出阈值的方式,根据小光源作用在天幕靶上有信号输出时平移台相对基准面的移动距离,实现天幕靶幕面空间位置参数的检测。将天幕面相对基准位置倾斜2′、-2′、-5′时,所测幕面倾斜角度与实际幕面倾斜角度间误差均小于1′,试验结果表明天幕靶幕面位置检定方法精度优于±1′,与理论分析相一致。该方法不需要拆卸天幕靶,节省了时间,能用于使用中天幕靶的检定。     

测速天幕靶幕面空间位置检测方法

针对现有的天幕靶幕面空间位置参数检定方法需要拆卸的不足,提出一种不拆卸天幕靶对其探测幕面位置检测的方法。以经纬仪建立基准面,采用放置在基准面内特制的频闪小光源和设定天幕靶输出阈值的方式,根据小光源作用在天幕靶上有信号输出时平移台相对基准面的移动距离,实现天幕靶幕面空间位置参数的检测。将天幕面相对基准位置倾斜2′、-2′、-5′时,所测幕面倾斜角度与实际幕面倾斜角度间误差均小于1′,试验结果表明天幕靶幕面位置检定方法精度优于±1′,与理论分析相一致。该方法不需要拆卸天幕靶,节省了时间,能用于使用中天幕靶的检定。     

高速扫描相机时间测量不确定度分析

以国内普遍使用的SJZ-30型高速扫描相机为例,用精测转速方法的结果处理数据,转速测量相对合成不确定度小于0.1%,时间间隔测量的相对扩展不确定度为0.2%.扫描速度在像面上的位置误差,采用"中值扫描速度",可予以校正.同时讨论了进一步降低转速测量不确定度和位置误差的方法.     

单目图像中姿态角估计的坦克目标测距方法

为了克服经典成像测距对相机姿态和视差信息依赖的问题,以观瞄发控装置的电荷耦合器件获取的单目图像为研究对象,提出了基于姿态角估计的坦克目标测距方法.该方法首先利用多级尺度不变特征变换匹配算法实现目标姿态角的快速估计,获取与当前目标姿态偏差最小的模板;然后利用该模板和目标图像模拟立体视觉,建立不依赖于相机姿态和视差的单目测距模型.该模型在远距离测距和小角度偏差的前提下,将模板中的匹配特征点投影到等效平面世界坐标系中,建立被测坦克图像点及其空间点的映射关系,将测距问题转化为对相机外参量的标定,从而求解出相机中心到坦克中心的距离.采用200m到2 500m范围内的坦克验证测距方法的性能,对测量误差随距离的变化规律进行分析,并将其与不同射程时导弹末制导交班的最大容许误差进行对比.结果表明,该方法适用于观瞄发控装置获取的任意姿态图像,实现了野战条件下单兵反坦克武器系统的远距离、快速测距;测量结果中相对误差小于4.9%,绝对误差小于87.7m,满足导弹各个射程的最大容许误差的要求.     

无人直升机自主着舰的光学3D测量解析算法

推导了一种用于无人直升机自主着舰的相对位姿单目单帧视觉测量算法。设计了基于正方形主特征的着降区域平面特征图案,根据几何透视投影学理论,采用摄像机针孔模型,以特征图案主正方形四角点的物理坐标和图像坐标作为输入,并以正方形邻边的垂直特性作为束缚条件,推导出了位置和姿态6个参数的解析表达式。通过在实验室环境下对真实图像的测量表明,当特征图案主正方形边长为0.1m(等效实际甲板特征图案边长1m)和相对距离为1m(等效实际距离10m)左右时,位置参数RMS误差小于0.2cm(等效为2cm),姿态参数RMS误差小于1.2°,算法具有很好的稳定性,可用于无人直升机着舰过程中的位姿测量。     

Effect of mutual orientation of the lattice of a single-crystal radiator and its outer surface on X-ray transition radiation characteristics

X-ray transition radiation (TR) of relativistic electrons crossing a single crystal target in the Bragg scattering geometry is considered within the framework of a dynamic diffraction theory. Analytical expressions are obtained for the TR spectral-angular distribution taking into account crystal surface orientation with respect to atomic planes. It is shown that at a fixed angle of electron incidence onto a system of atomic planes of the crystal the TR spectral-angular characteristics in the region of Bragg frequencies strongly depend on the orientation of the entrance surface of the target. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 37–42, June, 2006.     

Colour superconductivity in finite systems

We have studied the effects of finite size on the two flavor colour superconducting state. Since the baryon number in the BCS state is only fixed on average, we have projected the state onto a fixed baryon number. The resulting state has been then projected onto a colour-singlet state, by integrating onto the colour group manifold. The effects of both projections have been evaluated numerically.     

A new approach to a practical subwavelength resolving microscope

Superresolution depends on near-field capture and transfer of high spatial frequencies from the scattering object. These evanescent waves are transferred to a near-field image domain using a negative index material. Measuring images with subwavelength scale resolution in the near field by scanning is not practical and ignores inevitable object–lens–image coupling phenomena as well as the need to employ inverse scattering algorithms. An alternative approach based on compressive sampling permits the use of a single fixed detector. Traditionally, in such a system, an image-bearing wavefront is projected onto a series of patterns (= basis functions) and the transmitted light integrated by a lens onto a single-point detector. Image reconstruction is possible by weighting each basis function with its measured coefficient and summing, including basis functions representing evanescent waves. We employ a single fixed detector in the back focal plane of a negative index concave lens and basis functions realized by structured illumination from combinations of a set of discrete sources. We have investigated this as an approach to recover subwavelength scale details about a scattering object and report our results.     

Dirac Particle Polarization in Uniform Magnetic Field

For Dirac particles in a uniform magnetic field, the polarization operator projections onto three directions remain unchanged. If the orbital angular moment of particles is large with respect to 1, then the spin of moving particles retain the fixed orientation relative to the axes of the cylindrical coordinate system.     

Polarized pp physics with internal jet targets at RHIC

The physics scope of RHIC could be extended to include fixed target experiments by the addition of a gas jet target. Two applications stand out among many possibilities. RHIC is the first accelerator to provide polarized proton beams with energy above 30 GeV. Extensive studies of pp colliding beams are planned for RHIC, but these will not cover the energy range covered with a fixed target, where the scattering of polarized protons from protons has not been adequately studied. Another important application is the possible use of a hydrocarbon jet to obtain a rapid and precise measurement of the polarization of the RHIC proton beams. A gas jet target with associated recoil detectors, electronics, and vacuum pumps is available and can be installed with low incremental costs on a short time scale.     

Study of weak pairing correlations in aluminum nanograins

Weak pairing correlations in aluminum nanograins have been investigated using a symmetrical polynomial method based on the wave functions projected onto states with a fixed number of electrons. It is shown that this approach does not lead to a sharp transition from the superconducting to normal state with an increase in temperature, and the intensity of the pairing correlations exceeds that obtained using traditional BCS theory.     

Ablation plasma ion implantation using a dc power supply

Experiments are reported in which ablation plasma ion implantation (APII) has been demonstrated using a dc power supply. The ability to use a dc power supply for APII has been accomplished by using a perpendicular orientation between the target and the substrate. This perpendicular orientation significantly reduces the arcing between the target and the substrate, in contrast to previous experiments using a parallel target–substrate orientation. With this new technique a KrF laser may be fired during the dc high voltage, accelerating full-energy ions. Initial experiments using dc APII have shown that Ti is deposited and implanted onto the Si substrate, with the highest concentration of Ti located beneath the surface of the film. The deposition/implantation of Ti ions onto Si was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. PACS 52.38.Mf     

Deposition Processes with Hardcore Behaviour

Particles are deposited onto a surface with discrete sites. They are subject to an inhibition by which they cannot pass close by a particle already fixed on the surface. This implies that the surface builds up with vertical gaps between the particles. In this paper it is shown that there is a limiting rate at which the surface grows, and that this is related to the “roughness” of the surface.     

Quantum phase transitions in the sub-Ohmic spin-boson model: failure of the quantum-classical mapping

The effective theories for many quantum phase transitions can be mapped onto those of classical transitions. Here we show that the naive mapping fails for the sub-Ohmic spin-boson model which describes a two-level system coupled to a bosonic bath with power-law spectral density, J(omega) proportional, variantomega(s). Using an epsilon expansion we prove that this model has a quantum transition controlled by an interacting fixed point at small s, and support this by numerical calculations. In contrast, the corresponding classical long-range Ising model is known to display mean-field transition behavior for 0 < s < 1/2, controlled by a noninteracting fixed point. The failure of the quantum-classical mapping is argued to arise from the long-ranged interaction in imaginary time in the quantum model.     

New overlap construction of Weyl fermions on the lattice

In a recent article Hasenfratz and von Allmen have suggested a fixed point action for two flavors of Weyl fermions on the lattice with gauge group SU(2). The block-spin transformation they use maps the chiral and vector symmetries of the underlying vector theory onto two equations of the Ginsparg–Wilson (GW) type. We show that an overlap Dirac operator can be constructed which solves both GW equations simultaneously. We discuss the properties of this overlap operator and its projection onto lattice Weyl fermions which seems to be free of artefacts, in particular the projection operators are independent of the gauge field.