基于特征频率的拖曳双线阵最优左右舷分辨

左右舷模糊是拖曳单线阵固有的缺陷,而拖曳双线阵具有左右舷分辨能力。本文利用双线阵的指向性函数,通过对双线阵左右舷抑制比的分析,给出使左右舷抑制比最优的特征频率,并提出一种适用于宽带信号的拖曳双线阵左右舷分辨方法。理论分析表明:当目标方位已知时,特征频率仅依赖于双阵问距,且对双阵间距变化有相当的宽容性;基于特征频率的常规波束形成使左右舷抑制比有显著改善。海试结果验证了特征频率的存在,通过对比证明了方法的有效性。     

用双线列阵区分左右舷目标的延时估计方法及其实现

双线列阵声呐可以利用自身的指向特性区分左右舷目标,但是其性能受线阵间距的约束,且存在分辨盲区。本文提出利用两个单线阵接收信号的时延差区分左右舷目标的方法。该方法对线阵间距具有宽容性,并且盲区明显减小。给出了理论分析结果和实施技术方法,提出了基于内插法的延时精确估计方法,从而可以解决左右舷目标的分辨问题。     

阵形畸变对拖曳双线阵左右舷分辨性能的影响

分析了阵形畸变对拖曳双线阵左右舷分辨性能的影响.首先由双线阵指向性函数及左右舷抑制比公式,推导并定义了双线阵声呐实现左右舷分辨的两个关键参量──特征方位和特征频率.然后在引入阵形畸变量的基础上,利用阵形畸变时的左右舷抑制比公式,进一步推导得到特征方位及特征频率关于阵形畸变量的解析关系式.理论分析、仿真结果以及海上试验数据都表明,阵形畸变会改变特征方位和特征频率,造成拖曳双线阵左右舷分辨性能下降甚至再次产生左右舷模糊.     

被动合成孔径的非对称双线阵相位校正方法研究

提出了一种基于被动合成孔径的相位校正方法,有效地解决了因为首阵元未对齐(非对称)而引起的双线阵左右舷误判问题。利用被动合成孔径的方法,将其中一个单阵通过相位校正合成为一个虚拟单线阵,新的虚拟单线阵和另一个实际的单线阵构成首阵元对齐的双线阵,恢复了双线阵的对称性,因此可以纠正非对称双线阵导致的左右舷误判。通过数值仿真和海试试验数据的对比分析,说明这种算法可以解决非对称双线阵左右舷误判问题,且方法简单易于实际应用。     

双线阵左右舷模糊共轭抵消方法研究

左右舷分辨问题是拖曳线列阵研究的一个重要问题。本文通过研究平行双线阵的归一化波束输出函数,得到了一种通过对双线阵常规波束形成的输出进行幅度和相位加权来提高左右舷模糊抑制能力的方法。该方法通过分析双线阵的归一化波束输出函数,获得补偿权值,并利用双阵波束输出的幅度加权和相位补偿来抵消目标共轭(镜像)方向的输出,以达到左右舷抑制比最大的目的。数值仿真和海试结果表明,本方法简单实用,能较好的提高双线阵的左右舷抑制比,特别在宽带条件下效果更加明显。      

双线列阵左右舷目标分辨性能的初步分析

以单水听器阵列构成的单线阵声呐无法区分目标来自左舷或右舷。多线阵为解决左右舷目标的模糊问题提供了一种途径,本文讨论双线列阵左右舷目标分辨的性能,提出把波束指向方向的响应对对称方向的响应的抑制比作为评估左右舷分辨能力的一个参数,并对抑制比的性能作了初步分析,给出了理论表达及实际计算结果。理论分析结果对实际双线列阵设计中的参数选择具有重要意义。     

基于几何相移模型的双线列阵左右舷分辨技术研究

针对双线列阵克服左右舷模糊问题，将双线列阵认为是由两两阵元为一组的偶极子构成的单线列阵，利用几何相移模型对目标进行左右舷分辨，经过理论分析、仿真实验和湖试实验，指出丁几何相移模型不仅能解决单频情况下的左右舷模糊问题，而且还能解决信号带宽不太宽情况下究竟能到多大相对带宽，取决于所设定的左右舷分辨增益门限)的左右舷模糊问题。该方法经湖试实验得到了很好的验证：在信噪比为5dB时，采用该方法处理时，左右舷分辨差超过7dB。在本文设定的高信噪比条件下，证明了几何相移模型的双线列阵左右舷分辨技术是有效的、可行的。     

阵形畸变条件下双线阵左右舷分辨性能分析

研究了双线阵在两种阵形畸变(轴向滑移和航向偏差)条件下的左右舷分辨性能,根据双线阵指向性函数的背瓣特性分析了阵形畸变对左右舷分辨性能的影响。理论分析表明,在无阵形畸变的理想阵形情况下,窄带信号的左右舷分辨能力取决于阵间距和信噪比,而对宽带信号,左右舷分辨能力不仅与阵间距和信噪比有关,而且还与接收信号的功率谱密度、处理频段有关。在阵形发生轴向滑移和航向不一致的情况下,在正横方向附近,左右舷分辨性能主要受双线阵的航向差影响,偏离正横方向,较大的轴向滑移会导致左右舷误判。     

失配状态下的双线阵波束形成研究

基于双线阵在阵间距失配状态下左右舷分辨性能会急剧下降的事实,利用延时相加和延时相减两种波束形成方法,分别推导了理想状态下双线阵的波束形成和阵间距失配状态下波束形成的方向指向性函数；分析了理想状态下和阵间距失配状态下延时相加和延时相减两种波束形成方法的左右舷分辨性能。理论分析表明延时相减波束形成具有较好的左右舷分辨性能。最后用海试数据验证了理论分析结果的正确性。     

基于阵形畸变补偿的多线阵左右舷分辨研究

多线阵可解决单线阵在目标探测中的左右舷分辨模糊问题,但阵形畸变不利于准确实现对目标的左右舷分辨。本文针对多线阵在拖曳过程中出现的典型阵形畸变,定量地分析了其对目标左右舷分辨的影响,并提出了一种基于阵形畸变实时测量补偿来进行目标左右舷分辨的方法,海上实验数据分析结果表明,该方法可实现阵形畸变下的目标左右舷分辨,对于提高拖曳多线阵声纳性能具有参考价值。     

A passive synthetic aperture phase correction algorithm for the asymmetric twin-line array sonar

A passive synthetic aperture based on phase correction algorithm for solving the port-starboard discrimination problem in the non-aligned towed twin-line array sonar,is de- scribed.This method creates a virtual array through applying the estimated phase correction into one array of twin-line arrays.Because the synthetic virtual array is aligned with the other array in twin-line arrays,the right port-starboard discriminated results can be obtained by array processing based on the new synthetic twin-line array.The effect of proposed method has been shown by simulated and sea-trials results in towed twin-line array sonar.With low extra computational loads,the proposed method is easy to apply to the practice.     

Preliminary analysis of left-right ambiguity resolution performance for twin-line array

It is well known that the single line array sonar can't identify whether the target comes from left or right. Multi-line array provides the possibility to solve the left-right ambiguity problem. The performance of left-right resolution for twin-line array is described in this paper. It is shown that the suppression ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the response in the steering direction to opposite symmetrical direction, can be considered as an index for evaluating the ability of solving left-right ambiguity. The characteristics of suppression ratio is discussed. The theoretical expression for suppression ratio and some numerical results are illustrated. The result of theoretical analysis can be used in design of twin-line array sonar.     

时延估计与双线阵左右舷分辨

针对双线列阵的左右舷分辨问题，特别是双线阵间距较大时的左右舷分辨问题，文中提出了一种以时延估计为理论基础的左右舷分辨方法，将双线阵的左右舷分辨问题转变成对轴向对称的两路波束信号进行时延估计，然后根据时延值的符号判断出目标所处的左右舷。该方法具有算法简单、对阵形畸变不敏感的优点。经过湖试实验数据分析验证，证明是一种简单、有效、可行的左右舷分辨技术。     

The time-delay estimation method of resolving left-right target ambiguity for twin-line array and its realization

The directivity function of twin-line array sonar can be used to identify left/right target. But the performance is limited by the distance between two lines and also exists the blind area for target identification. A method, which is based on the time-delay estimation between two line arrays, is proposed to identify left/right target. The method is robust with the variation of distance between two line array, the blind area is considerable decreased. The theoretical analysis results and realization method is described. An algorithm base on interpolation method for precisely estimating tune-delay of two line array are derived, therefore the left-right ambiguity problem is solved.     

拖船噪声抵消与左右舷分辨联合处理方法的研究

利用拖曳双线阵声纳基阵结构的左右舷分辨能力,并结合拖船相对于拖曳线列阵的空间位置关系,本文提出一种拖船噪声抵消与左右舷分辨联合处理的方法,在波束域分别形成左右波束并将映像波束相减,在检测目标并进行左右分辨的同时,可以显著抵消拖船噪声。海试结果验证了该方法的有效性,拖船噪声被抑制掉约14dB,同时正确分辨出目标的左右舷方位。     

双线阵目标左右舷分辨概率分析

基于二元假设检验理论,研究了双线列阵对目标方位左右舷分辨的正确和错误概率。根据阵列接收窄带信号的概率密度函数,定义了左右舷判决统计量,当信号快拍数足够大时,左右舷判决统计量接近正态分布,从而可得到窄带信号的左右舷分辨概率。利用子带信号左右舷分辨概率的频率加权或波束加权,得到频率或波束加权的宽带信号左右舷分辨概率。理论和数值分析表明,窄带信号的左右舷分辨概率取决于双阵间距,而宽带信号的左右舷分辨概率对阵间距的宽容性较大。     

大型平面阵列天线辐射方向图的小阵外推计算和综合方法

基于子阵思想,小型阵列的单元辐射场等效大型阵列中相似环境下单元的辐射场,利用叠加定理计算大型阵的总辐射场.基于此方法和平面阵的辐射机理,提出运用小型直线阵外推计算大型平面阵辐射场的方法.有效地减小了计算量.利用此方法结合遗传算法通过优化单元的馈电幅度,综合了10×10元低副瓣微带贴片平面阵列天线,结果与HFSS仿真结果吻合良好.     

Optimization of transmitting beam patterns of a conformal transducer array

A method is presented to calculate the driving-voltage weighting vector of a conformal array of underwater acoustic transmitting transducers to obtain a low-sidelobe beam pattern based on the measured receiving array manifold. The relationship among three quantities is given, which are, respectively, the radiated acoustic field, the measured receiving array manifold matrix and the driving-voltage weighting vector of the transducer array. Then, the driving-voltage weighting vector of the array is calculated using the optimization method to obtain a low-sidelobe transmitting beam pattern. At the frequency of 12.5 kHz, the receiving array manifold matrix of a 27-element conformal array is measured in an anechoic water tank. The driving-voltage weighting vector of the array is calculated using the proposed method. In addition, the computer simulation and experiments are carried out. The results agree well and show that the proposed method can obtain a low-sidelobe transmitting beam pattern and at the same time provide the largest amplitude of pressure in the axial direction when the maximum amplitude of the driving voltages of the array elements keeps unchanged.