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为了保护臭氧层,用于生产聚氨酯泡沫的CFC-11发泡剂已经被淘汰,新开发的环境友好型聚氨酯泡沫用于低温设计时缺乏热物理性质数据的支持。文中介绍了开发的三套实验测试系统,以对热导率、线性膨胀系数和比热容这三大热物性在从室温到低温一个宽广的制冷及低温温度区间内进行测试。测试系统采用多项措施保证低温测试所需要的真空环境及漏热问题,保证了测试的顺利进行,以期提供制冷工程设计急需的低温热物性数据,并对泡沫的生产工艺进行优化。 相似文献
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缓冲材料的可靠性是影响设备工作稳定性的关键;以泡沫铝和聚氨酯为研究对象,用有限元分析法模拟两者在冲击环境下的力学响应;采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件进行了弹体的侵彻环境分析,针对子弹速度为300 m/s和1 000 m/s的情况分别进行动力学仿真实验,研究了两者的抗冲击性能;采用安全冲击速度Janssen系数和缓冲系数C作为衡量测试设备缓冲材料性能好坏的评价标准;根据ANSYS/LS-DYNA的实际仿真结果可得,当子弹速度为300 m/s时,聚氨酯的Janssen系数为0.8,泡沫铝的Janssen系数为1;当子弹速度为1 000 m/s时,聚氨酯的Janssen系数为0.08,泡沫铝的Janssen系数为0.112;且聚氨酯和泡沫铝的缓冲系数C分别为0.61和11;实验数据结果表明,泡沫铝的抗冲击性能优于聚氨酯,具有明显的优越性和广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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聚氨酯泡沫材料具有密封、隔热及绝缘等优良性能而在支撑及包装材料中得到广泛应用。作为支撑和包装材料,其压缩力学性能是重要的性能参数之一。聚氨酯泡沫属于粘弹性材料,其压缩力学性能不但与温度有关,而且还应与应变速率有关。本文测试了同种配方3种发泡密度的聚氨酯泡沫塑料试件在不同应变速率下的压缩力学性能,研究了3种密度聚氨酯泡沫塑料压缩力学性能随应变速率变化的规律。 相似文献
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本文基于拓扑优化方法设计并制备了一种宽频吸波复合材料,该吸波复合材料由高强玻璃纤维透波板、电阻损耗型超材料、聚氨酯泡沫和碳纤维反射板组成.仿真及测试结果表明,该吸波复合材料在2–18 GHz频段内的平板反射率均小于-12 dB.并且由于采用高强玻璃纤维及碳纤维复合材料作为面板层,聚氨酯泡沫作为芯材,因此该吸波复合材料不仅在较宽频带内对电磁波具有高的吸收率,同时还具有质量轻、耐高温、耐低温、耐湿热、抗腐蚀等特点,便于实现吸波与力学性能及耐环境性能的兼容,具有一定的工程应用价值. 相似文献
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为了得到一种轻质、高强度、耐烧灼的新型碳泡沫材料,以无定形AlN为添加剂,在空心微球/网络复合型碳泡沫的基础上,采用退火热处理工艺成功地制备出了AlN/C复合泡沫材料.通过扫描电镜、透射电镜对样品进行表征,测试结果表明无定形AlN在碳微球的表面重结晶为AlN晶须,其直径大约为50nm左右,长度10μm以上,具有较大的长径比.X-射线衍射峰证明样品石墨化程度高,且AlN晶须为六方结构.X-射线光电子能谱测试发现在287.5eV处有较明显的C-N峰出现,这表明AlN和碳泡沫在界面处通过C-N键结合.同时,对其力学性能进行测试,通过分析应力-应变测试结果,AlN/C复合泡沫材料的压缩强度为40.27MPa,相对碳泡沫材料而言提高了近一个数量级.测试结果表明,AlN晶须显著增强了碳泡沫的压缩强度,这种新型复合泡沫材料有望应用于各种抗压减震航空材料. 相似文献
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P. Ruello L. Desgranges G. Calvarin G. Petot-Ervas 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2005,66(5):823-831
X-ray and neutron powder diffraction studies of UO2 were performed under controlled oxygen partial pressure between room temperature and 1673 K. More than 40 neutron diffraction patterns were recorded. The thermal expansion coefficient of UO2 and the temperature dependence of Debye-Waller factors for oxygen and uranium atoms were determined. The dependence of Debye-Waller factors as a function of temperature is linear and the thermal expansion coefficient follows the classical Debye regime within the temperature range 300-1000 K. Above 1200 K, a departure from this quasi-harmonic behavior is clearly observed. Both an abnormal increase of the thermal expansion and of the oxygen sublattice disorder are evidenced. The departure of the lattice parameter from a linear thermal variation is found to be thermally activated with an effective activation energy close to 1 eV, very similar to the activation energy already found for the electrical conductivity. This new result suggests that polarons may affect the mean lattice parameter. A new thermodynamic model is then proposed to explain the heat capacity thermal variation by only three contributions: harmonic phonons, thermal expansion and polarons. 相似文献
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A new technique is developed to measure the longitudinal thermal expansion coefficient of C/C composite material at high temperature. The measuring principle and components of the apparatus are described in detail. The calculation method is derived from the temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient. The apparatus mainly consists of a high temperature environmental chamber, a power circuit of heating, two high-speed pyrometers, and a laser scanning system. A long solid specimen is resistively heated to a steady high-temperature state by a steady electrical current. The temperature profile of the specimen surface is not uniform because of the thermal conduction and radiation. The temperature profile and the total expansion are measured with a high-speed scanning pyrometer and a laser slit scanning measuring system, respectively. The thermal expansion coefficient in a wide temperature range (1000 - 3800 K) of the specimen can therefore be obtained. The perfect consistency between the present and previous results justifies the validity of this technique. 相似文献
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A. P. Nasekovskii 《Russian Physics Journal》1967,10(7):50-52
A simple analytic temperature relationship for the thermal expansion coefficient of crystals with cubic syngony was obtained, and the thermal expansion coefficients of some crystals of this class were determined experimentally; the results agreed satisfactorily with the curve obtained from formulas (5) and (6). The temperature range from liquid nitrogen up to temperatures around 1000 ° K was investigated, and the results were compared with data given by other authors. 相似文献
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本文对纤锌矿结构GaN外延层薄膜的热膨胀行为进行了研究,结合热膨胀系数的物理意义与变温Raman散射时声子频移的变化规律,研究了热膨胀系数与变温Raman散射之间的关系.结果表明:通过测量Raman声子E_2(high),A_1(TO)和E_1(TO)频移与温度之间的线性关系,结合相应声子Gruneisen参数的涵义,可对纤锌矿结构GaN外延层薄膜在一定温度范围内的热膨胀系数进行测量.本文提供了一种表征纤锌矿结构GaN外延层薄膜热膨胀行为的有效方法,为进一步研究III族氮化物外延层薄膜在生长过程中热膨胀系数的匹配、降低外延层薄膜中的位错密度并提高发光二极管的发光效率提供了理论依据. 相似文献