基因开关体系多稳性质的时间延迟效应

利用延迟随机模拟方法,研究了时间延迟τ对一种基因开关体系中多稳性质的影响．这种基因开关体系在不存在时间延迟时,依据转录因子结合速率?的不同,可以表现出蛋白质高表达态、低表达态 以及高低表达共存态等多稳特性．研究发现,时间延迟可以抑制共存态中的一种表达态从而实现到另一种表达态的转变．通过计算α-τ参数空间的相图,进一步揭示了随着延迟时间的增加,共存态的参数区间会显著缩小;当延迟时间大于某个三相点时,共存态消失;高和低表达态可不通过共存态实现直接转变．     

随机基因选择模型中的延迟效应

研究了噪声驱动的基因选择模型中的延迟效应. 据小延迟方法和随机等价法则得到相应的延迟Fokker-Planck方程, 给出稳态概率分布函数的近似表达式. 分析了在噪声驱动下, 延迟时间对系统稳态性质的影响. 结果表明: 延迟时间可以诱导系统从单稳态向双稳态转化, 发生相变; 在基因选择过程中, 延迟时间有利于从基因群体中选择出某一单倍体基因. 数值模拟结果与理论预测基本符合.     

基于Parylene C的单触发开关性能实验研究

为了研制具有高导通电流和高导通速率能力的单触发开关,利用微加工技术制备了基于Parylene C的三明治结构单触发开关。在主回路充电电压1.0~1.6kV的范围内,分析了开关触发回路电流、电压特性,导通峰值电流、上升时间、开关延迟时间,并且对单触发开关的电感、电阻做了估算。结果表明,基于Parylene C的单触发开关性能优于基于聚酰亚胺的单触发开关;随着开关加载电压的升高,开关导通的峰值电流呈现不断增大的趋势,但是上升时间几乎不变,其延迟时间分布在1~200μs之间,呈随机性分布,开关电阻随其作用时间增加不断增大。     

开放四能级原子系统粒子数反转或无反转激光研究

在封闭的简单四能级原子系统模型的基础上提出了开放的四能级原子系统模型.通过在电偶极和旋转波近似下,解此系统的半经典密度矩阵运动方程得其稳态线性解析解.对该稳态解的数值模拟显示:随着驱动场的Rabi频率的连续增加系统会发生由输出的无粒子数反转激光到输出粒子数反转激光的转变;随着系统退出速率或者注入速率比的连续增大,系统会发生由输出的粒子数反转激光到输出无粒子数反转激光的转变;该系统能获得无吸收高色散;在稳态,探测激光上下能级粒子数差随探测场失谐的变化曲线呈弱矩形波.     

Ladder型原子辅助光力学系统的光学多稳响应(英文)

通过解析和数值模拟系统的海森堡朗之万方程的稳态解,研究了Ladder型三能级原子辅助光力学系统的光学响应.结果表明振动镜子和原子系综的稳态行为与弹簧的劲度系数和经典泵浦场的拉比频率有关.随着劲度系数的减小和拉比频率的增大,腔内原子系综和整个光力学系统将呈现多稳现象,并且不同频域对应稳态解的个数有所不同.因此,可以通过改变泵浦场拉比频率和弹簧劲度系数来控制系统的稳态响应.研究结果在量子信息处理和精密测量等领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

基于钴和坡莫合金纳磁体的全自旋逻辑器件开关特性研究

基于纳磁体动力学和自旋传输机理, 建立了全自旋逻辑(ASL)器件的自旋传输-磁动力学模型. 基于该模型分别研究了钴纳磁体构成的全自旋逻辑(CoASL)器件和坡莫合金纳磁体构成的全自旋逻辑(PyASL)器件在不同沟道长度和电源电压下的开关特性. 结果显示PyASL器件在开关延迟时间和功耗上要小于CoASL器件, 且能可靠工作的最大沟道长度要大于CoASL器件. 另外, 两种ASL器件的开关延迟时间可通过减小沟道长度或增加电源电压来减小; 而功耗可通过减小沟道长度或电源电压来减小. 同时, 减小沟道长度能有效抑制热噪声对开关延迟时间和功耗的影响, 但增大电源电压只能抑制热噪声对开关延迟时间的影响. 上述研究结果将为优化ASL器件磁性材料和器件结构提供重要的参数选择依据.     

短外腔偏振旋转光反馈下1550nm垂直腔面发射激光器的动力学特性研究

基于扩展的自旋反转模型,对短外腔偏振旋转光反馈下1550 nm垂直腔面发射激光器的动力学特性进行了数值仿真和理论分析.研究结果表明:增加反馈强度会导致多个偏振开关现象出现,中等反馈强度下呈现丰富的动力学状态,譬如单周期、倍周期、准周期及混沌态,增加注入电流使Y方向线偏振模的工作区域被压缩;随着反馈延迟时间的增加,在弱光反馈时,偏振模跳变现象将会以特定的频率发生,施加中等的反馈强度将会导致模式跳变的频率增加,并且出现各种新的动力学状态,包括拍频单周期、拍频脉冲包络、拍频准周期和拍频混沌态.新动力学行为的出现是由于短外腔区激光器的动力学特性对相位变化非常敏感,从而使外腔模式间的拍频效应发挥了关键作用.此外还发现各种动力学状态之间会伴随模式间的跳变而发生相互跳变.     

气体开关抖动对输出峰值功率和前沿的影响

根据已有的实验数据和理论,给出了抖动和延时的数值表示,利用Matlab软件生成随机数组模拟开关延时和抖动。在Simulink环境下建立简化模型仿真多子块并联直线型变压器驱动源（LTD）模块的工作特性。通过M文件控制模块内多个开关的击穿时序仿真开关抖动,分析开关抖动对40个支路并联输出电流1 MA、上升时间100 ns的LTD模块输出功率峰值及前沿的影响。模拟结果表明,在一定范围内,随着抖动增大,LTD模块输出功率峰值减小,脉冲前沿显著增加,系统的稳定性随抖动增加而降低。随着开关抖动增大,输出到负载的峰值功率减小的速率增大,而脉冲前沿近似于线性增加。由于开关抖动将影响负载输出,为满足一定的系统可靠性要求,存在一个抖动阈值,对于40个子块并联的1 MA LTD模块,在系统可靠性要求5%时,其抖动阈值约为17 ns。     

远场来流条件下过冷熔体球晶生长的稳定性

建立了远场来流条件下过冷熔体球晶生长的温度场和浓度场稳态模型,分析了对流对球晶周围温度场和浓度场的影响,并以Trivedi的纯扩散球晶稳定性判据为基础,推导出远场来流条件下过冷熔体球晶生长的临界稳定性判据. 研究表明:远场来流条件下,迎流面的扰动振幅增加速率明显大于背流面的扰动振幅增加速率. 振幅增加速率最大值对应的扰动阶次从迎流面到背流面逐渐减小,随着球晶半径增加而增大. 对流使迎流面的稳定性降低,背流面的稳定性增大. 随着流速的增加,球晶的临界稳定半径减小. 关键词： 球晶 远场来流 界面形态稳定性 Trivedi判据     

沸腾两相自然循环系统稳定性的数值仿真分析

随着先进核反应堆的研究兴起,两相自然循环系统的稳定性问题受到广泛重视．本文在ＥＩＣＥ算法的基础上发展了数值仿真算法ＡＥＩＣＥ,对两相自然循环系统特性和稳定性进行了分析．分析表明,增大系统压力和增加入口欠热度,均会增大两相自然循环系统的稳定区域．计算结果与实验数据符合得较好．     

Sampling rare switching events in biochemical networks

Bistable biochemical switches are widely found in gene regulatory networks and signal transduction pathways. Their switching dynamics are difficult to study, however, because switching events are rare, and the systems are out of equilibrium. We present a simulation method for predicting the rate and mechanism of the flipping of these switches. We apply it to a genetic switch and find that it is highly efficient. The path ensembles for the forward and reverse processes do not coincide. The method is widely applicable to rare events and nonequilibrium processes.     

Determining the stability of genetic switches: explicitly accounting for mRNA noise

Cells use genetic switches to shift between alternate gene-expression states, e.g., to adapt to new environments or to follow a developmental pathway. Here, we study the dynamics of switching in a generic-feedback on-off switch. Unlike protein-only models, we explicitly account for stochastic fluctuations of mRNA, which have a dramatic impact on switch dynamics. Employing the WKB theory to treat the underlying chemical master equations, we obtain accurate results for the quasistationary distributions of mRNA and protein copy numbers and for the mean switching time, starting from either state. Our analytical results agree well with Monte Carlo simulations. Importantly, one can use the approach to study the effect of varying biological parameters on switch stability.     

Coupling between switching regulation and torque generation in bacterial flagellar motor

The bacterial flagellar motor plays a crucial role in both bacterial locomotion and chemotaxis. Recent experiments reveal that the switching dynamics of the motor depend on the rotation speed of the motor, and thus the motor torque, nonmonotonically. Here we present a unified mathematical model which treats motor torque generation based on experimental torque-speed curves and the torque-dependent switching based on the conformational spread model. The model successfully reproduces the observed switching rate as a function of the rotation speed, and provides a generic physical explanation independent of most details. A stator affects the switching dynamics through two mechanisms: accelerating the conformational flipping rate of individual rotor-switching units, which contributes most when the stator works at a high torque and thus a low speed; and influencing a larger number of rotor-switching units within unit time, whose contribution is the greatest when the motor rotates at a high speed. Consequently, the switching rate shows a maximum at intermediate speed, where the above two mechanisms find an optimal output. The load-switching relation may serve as a mechanism for sensing the physical environment, similar to the chemotaxis mechanism for sensing the chemical environment. It may also coordinate the switch dynamics of motors within the same cell.     

Tapping spin glasses and ferromagnets on random graphs.

We consider a tapping dynamics, analogous to that in experiments on granular media, on spin glasses and ferromagnets on random thin graphs. Between taps, zero temperature single spin flip dynamics takes the system to a metastable state. Tapping corresponds to flipping simultaneously any spin with probability p. This dynamics leads to a stationary regime with a steady state energy E(p). We analytically solve this dynamics for the one-dimensional ferromagnet and +/-J spin glass. Numerical simulations for spin glasses and ferromagnets of higher connectivity are carried out; in particular, we find a novel first order transition for the ferromagnetic systems.     

量子信令交换机模型设计及性能分析

本文提出了量子信令交换机的模型, 该交换机由经典信息控制模块、交换控制模块和量子交换模块三部分组成. 经典控制模块负责将纠缠初态信息传送给纠缠测量及交换单元并更新路由信息. 交换控制模块实现通路选择, 为纠缠对的分发提供通路. 量子交换模块制备纠缠对, 进行Bell态的测量, 完成纠缠交换. 量子信令交换机可以实现多用户间的信令传输及局域网通信. 通过对交换机的性能分析与仿真, 结果表明该交换机结构简单、安全保密、便于扩展、时延小, 对于构建量子通信网有很好的支撑作用. 关键词： 量子通信 量子信令网 量子信令交换机 纠缠交换     

Logistic系统跃迁率的时间延迟效应

本文研究了时间延迟对Logistic系统从亚稳态跃迁到稳定态的跃迁率的影响. 假设在细胞演化过程中细胞衰减存在时间延迟,利用小延迟时间条件下一阶近似方法和最陡下降法导出了系统的跃迁率解析式. 数值计算结果表明,内噪声,外噪声和内外噪声之间的关联促使系统从亚稳态跃迁到稳定态, 而时间延迟阻碍了系统从亚稳态到稳定态的跃迁, 即时间延迟增强了系统亚稳态的稳定性. 关键词： Logistic模型 跃迁率 时间延迟 噪声     

多通道自击穿水开关测试方法研究

 在西北核技术研究所的“闪光-Ⅱ”装置上进行了水介质多针自击穿开关实验研究，该开关由2个或4个开关间隙、1个预脉冲屏蔽板及其支撑结构组成。给出了实验研究所使用的测试方法及波形分析方法(两个判据)。开关输入预脉冲较大时，可以认为开关输出波形的预脉冲作用时间就是开关的击穿延迟时间，故可以利用波形的预脉冲确定开关的自击穿延迟时间和开关间隙的击穿分散性以及间隙之间的击穿同步分散性；在实验测试分析过程中，可以利用间隙自击穿放电电流的dI/dt信号判断开关间隙的自击穿状态。分析表明，这两个判据可有效地确定开关的特性参数和击穿状态。     

The future is noisy: the role of spatial fluctuations in genetic switching

A genetic switch may be realized by a certain operator sector on the DNA strand from which either genetic code, to the left or to the right of this operator sector, can be transcribed and the corresponding information processed. This switch is controlled by messenger molecules, i.e., they determine to which side the switch is flipped. Recently, it has been realized that noise plays an elementary role in genetic switching, and the effect of number fluctuations of the messenger molecules have been explored. Here we argue that the assumption of well stirredness taken in the previous models may not be sufficient to characterize the influence of noise: spatial fluctuations play a non-negligible part in cellular genetic switching processes.     

Effects of time delay and non-Gaussian noise on the dynamics of a perceptual bistability

In this paper, we investigate the effects of time delay and non-Gaussian noise on the dynamics properties of the attractor network model of perceptual bistability. Using delay Fokker–Planck equation and projection operator method, the stationary probability distribution P_st(x), the associated relaxation time T_c, and the normalized correlation function C(s) for perceptual bistability are obtained, respectively. Research results show that: (i) the time delay τ and the correlation time τ₀ from non-Gaussian noise can induce the change of the peaks in the P_st(x), i.e., the transition of the system appears; (ii) there exhibits an optimal value of the τ₀ or τ by which the T_c or C(s) is maximum, this maximum shows the τ₀ or τ first reduces the stability of the attractor network model of perceptual bistability in the steady state, and then enhances it; and (iii) the noise intensity P or departure q from the Gaussian noise only enhances the stability of the attractor network model of perceptual bistability in the steady state.     

Nonlinear dynamics of modulation instability in distributed resonators under external harmonic driving

We study the regimes of complex field dynamics upon modulation instability in distributed nonlinear resonators under external harmonic driving. Two regimes are considered: the regime of a nonlinear ring cavity, described by nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) with a delayed boundary condition, and the regime of a one-dimensional Fabri-Perot cavity, described by a system of coupled NLS for the forward and backward waves. Theoretical stability analysis of stationary forced oscillations is carried out. The results of numerical simulation of transition to chaos with increasing input intensity are presented.