随机反应扩散格气模型上钙动力学的粗粒化模拟

发展了一种基于随机格气模型的粗粒化方法,该方法能有效模拟内质网表面钙动力学信息. 首先将相邻的微观节点合并成粗粒化节点,再根据局域平均场近似推导出粗粒化反应速率,然后执行粗粒化动力学蒙特卡洛模拟. 发现粗粒化动力学蒙特卡洛模拟结果和微观模拟结果非常吻合. 有趣的是,存在一个最佳的粗粒化比m,使得粗粒化模拟与微观模拟的相变点偏差最小. 固定m,发现临界点随体系尺度增加而单调增加,而且相变点的偏差与体系尺度存在一个标度关系.此外,该粗粒化方法大大地加快了蒙特卡洛模拟速率,并且与微观模拟直接相关. 该方法可以广泛用来研究体系尺度效应,而节省大量计算时间.     

XPK程序包:扩展唯象动力学方法(XPK)与常规动力学蒙特卡罗(KMC)方法的比较（英文）

在常规的动力学蒙特卡罗方法(KMC)中,扩散过程的速率往往远大于化学反应,因而造成KMC方法在模拟表面化学体系演化时效率非常低下.为了解决这一时间尺度分离问题,本文最近发展了扩展唯象动力学方法(XPK).本文基于加氢反应体系模型,利用新发展的XPK程序包,对XPK方法与常规的KMC方法进行了细致的对比.为了更全面地说明问题,测试中包含了两条不同的势能曲线,以及多种吸附物之间的相互作用.对比的内容包括计算消耗、并行效率以及稳态的收敛行为等.测试结果表明,相比于常规的KMC方法,XPK方法在兼顾精度的同时大大提高了模拟效率.因而可以预期,XPK方法将成为多相催化理论研究的强有力工具.特别是在表面吸附物种相互作用有决定性影响的情况下,XPK方法的优势尤其突出.     

XPK程序包：扩展唯象动力学方法(XPK)与常规动力学蒙特卡罗(KMC)方法的比较

在常规的动力学蒙特卡罗方法(KMC)中，扩散过程的速率往往远大于化学反应，因而造成KMC方法在模拟表面化学体系演化时效率非常低下. 为了解决这一时间尺度分离问题，本文最近发展了扩展唯象动力学方法(XPK). 本文基于加氢反应体系模型，利用新发展的XPK程序包，对XPK方法与常规的KMC方法进行了细致的对比. 为了更全面地说明问题，测试中包含了两条不同的势能曲线，以及多种吸附物之间的相互作用. 对比的内容包括计算消耗、并行效率以及稳态的收敛行为等. 测试结果表明，相比于常规的KMC方法，XPK方法在兼顾精度的同时大大提高了模拟效率. 因而可以预期，XPK方法将成为多相催化理论研究的强有力工具. 特别是在表面吸附物种相互作用有决定性影响的情况下，XPK方法的优势尤其突出.     

表面杂质对NO+CO/Pt(100)反应体系振荡动力学的影响

提出了一个格气模型， 探讨催化表面的惰性杂质对NO+CO/Pt(100)反应体系振荡动力学行为的影响．研究发现表面杂质较少时，反应进程中表面重构能够形成相连通的1*1相和持续的振荡行为．当表面杂质不断增加时，反应进程中1*1相只能形成许多孤立的畴，从而在1*1相形成的随机的局域振荡的空间关联被削弱，因而体系全局的持续振荡行为演变为衰减振荡行为．当表面吸附的CO和NO的扩散速率增加时，局域振荡的空间协同又得到加强，体系又呈现出持续振荡行为．     

邻氨基苯甲酸BZ反应体系中的振荡与混沌：I.SCTR实验研究和非线…

本文研究了ＣＳＴＲ中邻氨基苯甲酸苯甲酸ＢＺ反应体系的振荡行为，总结了非化条件下各反应物浓度和流速变化以及温度变化对体系振荡反应的影响规律；同时还考察了催化条件下的体系振荡行为，发现了Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）催化出现复杂振荡筢应序列，非线性动力学理论分析的结果表明复杂振荡是由体系动力学本质决定的确定性行为，并发现由周期走向混沌的演变过程中存在倍周期分岔（或慢周期分岔）迹象；同时，还通过计算分维，研究反应条件对体系     

粗粒化模型中的Gay-Berne相互作用势

合理描述非球形粗粒化粒子间的相互作用是提高粗粒化分子动力学模拟速度的关键.为此本文介绍了Gay-Berne势.将之应用于两种有机小分子体系,在合理选择构象集后,由遗传算法得到了粗粒化粒子的GB参数,并通过对粗粒化模型和全原子模型得到的范德瓦耳斯相互作用的对比检验了GB力场参数.最后,指出如何处理作用位点是粗粒化模型发展的一个关键问题.     

外控弱周期电位约束近似下电极BZ体系中极限环振荡的蜕变

在纯粹BZ反应体系的三变量Oregonator模型及电极过程动力学的基础上,建立了电极BZ反应体系的动力学模型.并在外控弱周期约束近似下,对这类电极BZ反应体系的慢流型上准定态进行了线性化稳定性分析;同时进一步对该类体系中有利于出现极限环振荡的范围进行了计算,绘制出了出现极限环振荡的参数区域.计算机模拟发现,由于外控电极电位的周期性变化,Pt电极反应相中出现极限环振荡的参数区域发生蜕变在极限环振荡区域内呈现的动力学行为是BZ反应的本征自组织行为,但其周期振幅已发生变异;而在振荡区域外体系则可出现对外控约束的纯粹响应性振荡,周期与外控约束电位振荡相同.     

复杂网络谱粗粒化方法的改进算法

大规模网络的同步问题是网络科学的重要研究课题之一.粗粒化方法提供了一种将大规模网络转化为小规模网络,同时又能较好地保持原始网络的拓扑性质或动态特性的研究途径,其中比较有代表性的谱粗粒化方法能较好地保持初始网络的同步能力.然而,谱粗粒化方法在实际计算中计算量大、对实际大规模网络可执行性差.本文提出一种改进的谱粗粒化算法,能大幅减少计算量,同时获得更好的谱粗粒化效果.通过理论分析和大量的数值仿真实验验证了所提改进算法的粗粒化效果和计算量都明显优于原谱粗粒化方法.     

一种非结构化同位网格算法

本文介绍了任意网格系统中的SIMPLE算法的推导过程，并将此算法应用于二维非结构化网格（三角形网格）之中，网格由DELAUNAY三角化方法生成．对顶盖驱动空腔流的计算表明该算法是令人满意的．     

磷脂微滴囊泡化的介观模拟

发展了一种非显示溶剂的粗粒化三粒子磷脂模型,该模型明确反映磷脂分子的双尾结构．模型分别采用变形的MIE作用势和Harmonic作用势描述分子间非成键和分子内成键相互作用,粗粒化力场参数通过拟合DPPC双分子层的结构和力学性质获得．该粗粒化模型成功重现了磷脂分子从随机初始态到双分子层和从盘状结构到囊泡的形成过程．应用该模型系统研究了球形和柱形磷脂微滴囊泡化的过程,结果表明此模型能有效地模拟介观尺度下复杂磷脂囊泡的形成及演化．     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.