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1.
在静态条件下,研究了活性炭对间氨基苯酚废水的吸附效果,确定了处理废水的pH值、活性炭用量、振荡时间、温度、废水中间氨基苯酚浓度、振荡速率以及电解质对吸附效果的影响。实验表明:活性炭在pH值为6.0,用量3.5g,温度40℃,振荡2.5h的条件下,对100mL质量浓度为50mg/L的间氨基苯酚模拟废水处理效果最佳。  相似文献   

2.
采用连续流动反应器研究了苯一步羟基化制备苯酚的反应. 利用载铁活性炭为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,乙腈为溶剂,得到苯酚收率为28.1%,选择为98%,基于铁计算的转化数为3 h-1. 对催化剂进行N2吸附、XRD、XPS、FTIR等表征发现,负载的Fe可能与活性炭表面羧基发生作用,形成了化学环境类似于乙酸铁的铁物种,该结构是催化反应的活性中心. 计算得出,反应的阿伦尼乌斯活化能为13.4 kJ/mol,苯和H2O2的反应级数分别为0.2和0.7,总反应级数约为1.  相似文献   

3.
活性炭负载硅钼钒杂多酸催化苯羟基化反应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
罗茜  陶明  张林  胡常伟 《光谱实验室》2011,28(4):1901-1904
以活性炭为载体,采用回流吸附法制备了负载型硅钼钒杂多酸催化剂,以冰醋酸作溶剂,过氧化氢作氧化剂,研究了由苯直接羟基化制苯酚的催化活性。结果表明,苯为2mL,冰醋酸为15mL,过氧化氢为5mL,当负载型杂多酸的用量为0.2g、反应温度70℃、反应时间60m in时,硅钼钒催化合成苯酚的收率可达7.4%,选择性达97.1%。  相似文献   

4.
研究了利用强电离放电产生等离子体方法制取羟基自由基氧化降解高浓度苯酚废水。当羟基自由基浓度达到1 037 mg.L-1时,初始浓度为1 215 mg.L-1的废水降解率达99.11%;初始浓度为8 853 mg.L-1的废水苯酚浓度下降到6 250 mg.L-1,1 mg羟基自由基可处理苯酚2.5 mg。在同样羟自由基浓度下,苯酚初始浓度越小,去除率越高;但初始浓度越高,处理的绝对量越大。阐述并解释了不同降解阶段废水pH值、电导率与羟基自由基浓度变化的关系。随着羟自由基浓度的增大,废水酸碱性由接近中性逐渐转为酸性,浓度越大,酸性越强;继续增大羟自由基浓度,变化渐趋平缓。随着羟自由基的通入,电导率有一个微小的降低阶段然后开始上升,说明苯酚不断的被氧化为有机酸。通过紫外图谱和色谱分析了降解中间产物,表明氧化初始阶段邻苯二酚、对苯二酚和苯醌是其中重要的化合物。  相似文献   

5.
紫外光谱法同时测定制药废水中苯酚和水杨酸的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
本文用系数倍率紫外光谱法同时测定了制药废水中苯酚和水杨酸的含量 ,取得了满意的结果。苯酚测量回收率为 97.33%— 1 0 0 .77%、相对标准偏差 0 .83%。水杨酸测量回收率为 98.1 5 %— 1 0 0 .83%、相对标准偏差 0 .5 2 %。  相似文献   

6.
苯酚和苯胺在304不锈钢阳极表面实现了电化学共聚,反应在中性水溶液中进行,电解质为硫酸钠. 比较不同苯酚苯胺浓度下共聚成膜耐点蚀能力,当苯酚为0.09 mol/L和苯胺为0.01 mol/L时最佳.红外光谱分析证实苯胺结构出现在苯酚苯胺的共聚物中,且共聚物膜比聚苯酚膜含有更多支链. 利用苯酚苯胺共聚物膜在四氢呋喃中的部分溶解性,使用扫描电子显微镜分析四氢呋喃清洗前后的成膜,观察到网状聚苯胺结构. 将共聚物膜与聚苯酚膜微观结构进行推测和比较,解释在电聚合反应中适量加入苯胺能提升成膜防腐能力原因.  相似文献   

7.
粉末活性炭吸附对氨基苯酚模拟废水的效果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
蔡洪涛  崔节虎  刘刚 《光谱实验室》2011,28(4):1723-1726
在静态条件下,研究了活性炭吸附对氨基苯酚模拟废水的效果,确定了处理废水的pH值、活性炭用量、振荡时间、温度、废水中对氨基苯酚浓度、振荡速率以及电解质对吸附效果的影响.实验表明L活性炭在pH值为6.4,用量4.5g,温度35C,振荡2.5h的条件下,对100mL质量浓度为50mg/L的对氨基苯酚模拟废水处理效果最佳.  相似文献   

8.
钢渣是冶金工业中产生的主要固体废弃物,其产量约为每年粗钢产量的15%~20%。由于技术的局限,导致我国钢渣利用率较低,仅为年钢渣产量的10%,同时加之管理制度的不健全,导致钢渣大量露天堆放,对土地资源、地下水源,以及空气质量形成严重影响。固体废弃物再利用是资源可持续发展的重要途径之一,钢渣的主要化学成分为CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, Fe2O3, MnO, f-CaO等。面对上述问题,利用冶金固体废弃物与活性炭开发一种价格低廉且性能优越的活性炭混合钢渣复合材料,既是冶金固体废弃物的高附加值利用与资源可持续发展的重要途径之一,也是大幅降低改性活性炭生产成本与提高经济效益的重要途径之一。该研究创新性以活性炭与钢渣为研究对象,利用钢渣中含有的金属氧化物对活性炭进行改性处理制备用于烧结烟气脱硫脱硝的活性炭混合钢渣复合材料,通过搭建实验反应装置对活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的脱硫脱硝性能进行测试。利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)对钢渣的化学成分进行测试与分析,比表面积及孔径测定仪(BET)对活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的孔结构进行测试与分析,傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对钢渣的结构组成进行测试与分析,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的微观结构进行测试与分析,以揭示活性炭与钢渣制备活性炭混合钢渣复合材料的机理,以及活性炭混合钢渣复合材料对烧结烟气脱硫脱硝的机理。结果表明:当钢渣为电炉热泼渣、钢渣与活性炭质量比为2∶4、钢渣与活性炭细度为400目时,活性炭混合钢渣复合材料具有良好的脱硫脱硝性能与合理的经济性,即脱硫效率为100%、脱硝效率为58%。活性炭混合钢渣复合材料具有的多孔结构对SO2和NO进行有作用,钢渣中Fe2O3与MnO2促使活性炭官能团进行催化还原反应提高脱硫脱硝性能,其中吸附作用是主导与前提,催化还原反应是辅助与协同。以期为高附加值的钢渣利用提供新途径,实现钢铁企业以废治废、以废增效的目的。  相似文献   

9.
扩展Kalman滤波器同时测定苯酚和邻氯苯酚   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
提出了苯酚和邻氯苯酚混合体系非线性吸光度表示式.即非线性吸光度由两组分各自对吸光度的贡献、由于混合而导致的两组分各自贡献的改变以及交互作用项三部分构成.依据该式,利用非线性Kalman滤波紫外分光光度法同时测量了苯酚和邻氯苯酚混合体系.在250~290 nm区间测量了32组浓度各自在1~15 mg·L-1范围的苯酚和邻氯苯酚标准混合溶液紫外吸收光谱图.利用偏最小二乘法,将其制作成扩展Kalman滤波标准工作系数矩阵.通过对非线性吸光度关系式Taylor级数展开进行线性化处理,得到其向量函数的Jacobi矩阵,从而完成了非线性Kalman滤波器的设置.回收实验显示出,扩展Kalman滤波同时测量苯酚和邻氯酚双组分体系是准确、稳定的.  相似文献   

10.
通过KOH活化纸巾制备活性炭纤维, 比表面积高达1388 m2/g. 用制得的活性炭纤维作为吸附剂进行亚甲基蓝吸附实验研究,用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型分析实验数据,并研究pH值对活性炭纤维吸附亚甲基蓝影响. 活性炭纤维吸附速率更适于Pseudo-second-order动力学模型,相关系数高达0.998. 整个浓度变化区间Langmuir吸附等温线比Freundlich吸附等温线更适合实验数据. 所制备活性炭纤维对亚甲基蓝最大平衡吸附量为520 mg/g,实验发现,pH值越高活性炭纤维对亚甲基蓝吸附量越大.  相似文献   

11.
Ag-doped mesoporous titania was synthesized via a combined sol-gel process with surfactant-assisted templating method using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the structure-directing agent. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption measurements (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of the samples was determined by degradation of model contaminant water of phenol in aqueous solution. Results showed that different amounts of Ag-doping had different effects on the crystal phase structure and photocatalytic activity of the samples. The sample with 0.5% Ag doping shows the highest photocatalytic activity, which is 2.3 times that of the undoped mesoporous titania.  相似文献   

12.
双波长线性回归光度法同时测定苯酚和间苯二酚   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
对吸收峰严重重叠的苯酚和间苯二酚二组分体系同时测定进行了研究.在波长250~290 nm范围内,每隔0.5 nm测定苯酚和间苯二酚二组分体系的吸光度,选择280.5,273.5 nm作为测量波长,建立了双波长线性回归法测定二组分.按正交设计表L25(56)配置25组标准混合溶液,对苯酚和间苯二酚二组分进行线性回归;同时测定了模拟混合样的苯酚和间苯二酚二组分含量.测量结果表明,苯酚和间苯二酚二组分在模拟混合样和模拟复方雷锁辛涂剂处方配比中,分析结果相对误差小于5%.双波长线性回归法测定苯酚和间苯二酚二组分,测量体系稳定,结果可靠,提供了一种新的测量途径.  相似文献   

13.
The combination of photocatalysis under visible light irradiation and sonolysis in the continuous system has been used to degrade an aqueous solution of phenol. ZnFe2O4/TiO2–GAC was employed as the photocatalysts which were obtained by sol–gel process and characterized by spectroscopic X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalyses (SEM–EDX) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller sorptometer (BET). It was observed that the rates of phenol degradation were affected by the initial pH value of phenol solution, salt addition, gas supplying and the recycling times of the recovered photocatalyst. The kinetic law for the phenol degradation can be apparently expressed as the first-order with respect to the concentration of phenol. Degradation of phenol solution in the continuous system, i.e., photocatalysis and sonolysis has synergistic effect in comparison with the photocatalytic reaction and sonolysis, respectively.  相似文献   

14.
The sol-gel route was employed to prepare a titania/silica photocatalyst co-doped with boron and ferrum. The microstructure and the optical property of the photocatalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. The decomposition of phenol under visible light irradiation was used as probe reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity. The results revealed that the dopants could inhibit phase transformation of TiO2, and that there were intimate molecule-level interactions between titania and silica. The doping boron led to the response to visible light. The doping ferrum, which existed in the form of Fe2O3 and dispersed on the surface of TiO2, increased photoquantum efficiency and resulted in the enhancement of catalytic performance. The photocatalytic activity related to the annealing temperature and component. The synergistic effects of co-doping and intimate interaction between titania and silica were responsible for the increase of photoactivity.  相似文献   

15.
Iron and iron-platinum catalysts supported on activated carbon have been successfully synthesized by wet impregnation method and low-temperature treatment in inert atmosphere. The content of the supported phases corresponds to 10 wt % Fe and 0.5 wt % Pt. Four catalytic samples were synthesized: Sample A—activated carbon impregnated with Fe nitrate; Sample B—activated carbon impregnated with Pt salt; Sample C—activated carbon impregnated consequently with Fe and Pt salts; Sample D—activated carbon impregnated simultaneously with Fe and Pt salts. The as-prepared materials were characterized by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The spectra show that the activated carbon support and the preparation procedure give rise to the synthesis of isolated metal Pt ions and ultradispersed Fe and Pt oxide species. Probably the presence of different functional groups of activated carbon gives rise to registered very high dispersion of loaded species on support. The catalytic tests were carried out in PROX reaction. A lower activity of bimetallic Pt-Fe samples was explained with the increase in surface oxygen species as a result of predomination of iron oxide on the support leading to the increase in selectivity to the H2 oxidation. Partial agglomeration of supported iron oxide phase was registered after catalytic tests.  相似文献   

16.
比值-导数法同时测定污水中的苯酚和苯胺   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
根据苯酚和苯胺在紫外区均有吸收的特点 ,建立了用比值 导数法同时测定苯酚和苯胺的紫外分光光度法。该法对波谱重叠严重的苯酚和苯胺类化合物能进行有效测定 ,省去了萃取、蒸馏、显色、酸化等预处理步骤 ,具有能消除背景干扰、提高灵敏度及提高速度的优点。在优化实验条件后进行苯酚和苯胺的测定 ,它们的线性范围分别为 1 0 1~ 2 4 2 4mg·L- 1 和 1 0 1~ 2 4 2 9mg·L- 1 ,其检测限分别为 0 0 97和 0 6 85mg·L- 1 。对合成样进行分析时 ,苯酚和苯胺的相对标准偏差 (RSD)分别为 2 6 0 %和 2 16 % ,标准加入的回收率在 95 %~ 10 4 %之间 ,结果良好。对污染河水水样进行分析测定 ,并进行加标回收试验 ,平均回收率在91%~ 10 8%之间  相似文献   

17.
Two Fe/MCM-41 systems, one of them sylilated, were obtained to be used as catalysts in Fischer–Tropsch reaction. They have more than 90% of the iron species located inside the support channels, leading to a narrow crystal size distribution accessible to reactive gases. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectroscopy, N2 adsorption, Mössbauer spectroscopy and Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy. Mössbauer spectroscopy allowed us to demonstrate that the catalytic active species were the same in both catalysts. The only difference between them was the surface hydrophobicity, which decreases the “water gas shift reaction” in the sylilated catalyst. Besides, this solid is more active for hydrocarbon production, with a lower methane yield.  相似文献   

18.
以钛酸四正丁酯和硝酸镧为原料, 以P123为模板剂,采用模板法合成了La掺杂型介孔TiO2光催化剂, 借助TGA-DSC、BET、XRD及UV-Vis等测试手段对样品进行了表征,并以苯酚为模型污染物考察了镧掺杂量对样品光催化活性的影响.结果表明: La掺杂介孔TiO2光催化剂孔径分布较均匀(~10 nm),比表面积可达165 m2/g.与纯介孔TiO2相比,经掺杂改性后的样品在紫外光区及可见光区的吸收显著增强,对光具有更高的利用率,La掺杂可显著提高介孔TiO2的光催化活性.  相似文献   

19.
The aim of presented paper was to study preparation of catalytic materials for water purification. Iron oxide (Fe3O4) samples supported on activated carbon were prepared by wet impregnation method and low temperature heating in an inert atmosphere. The as-prepared, activated and samples after catalytic test were characterized by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The obtained X-ray diffraction patterns of prepared samples show broad and low-intensity peaks of magnetite phase and the characteristic peaks of the activated carbon. The average crystallite size of magnetite particles was calculated below 20 nm. The registered Mössbauer spectra of prepared materials show a superposition of doublet lines or doublet and sextet components. The calculated hyperfine parameters after spectra evaluation reveal the presence of magnetite phase with nanosize particles. Relaxation phenomena were registered in both cases, i.e. superparamagnetism or collective magnetic excitation behavior, respectively. Low temperature Mössbauer spectra confirm this observation. Application of materials as photo-Fenton catalysts for organic pollutions degradation was studied. It was obtained high adsorption degree of dye, extremely high reaction rate and fast dye degradation. Photocatalytic behaviour of a more active sample was enhanced using mechanochemical activation (MCA). The nanometric size and high dispersion of photocatalyst particles influence both the adsorption and degradation mechanism of reaction. The results showed that all studied photocatalysts effectively decompose the organic pollutants under UV light irradiation. Partial oxidation of samples after catalytic tests was registered. Combination of magnetic particles with high photocatalytic activity meets both the requirements of photocatalytic degradation of water contaminants and that of recovery for cyclic utilization of material.  相似文献   

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