NNAL模拟模板分子印迹聚合物的合成与固相萃取性能

以三种4-甲基亚硝胺-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁醇(NNAL)的结构类似物即4-(N-甲基-N-乙酰基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁醇、4-(N-甲基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁醇、1-(3-吡啶基)-1,4-丁二醇为模拟模板分子,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,通过自组装技术制备了对NNAL具有良好识别能力的印迹聚合物．通过X射线光电子能谱和红外光谱研究了NNAL和MAA之间的相互作用,结果表明NNAL和MAA可以通过氢键协同作用形成1:2型配合物．吡啶上的N和亚硝基中的O是形成氢键作用的两个选择性识别位点．XPS和IR进一步揭示出由4-(N-甲基-N-乙酰基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁醇制备得到的印迹聚合物对NNAL有最佳的识别性能．此外,实验研究了该聚合物作为固相萃取填料分离、净化NNAL的最佳条件．当采用水溶液上样,分别以0.5 mL水、1 mL甲苯、1 mL甲苯/二氯甲烷(9:1)、1 mL甲苯/二氯甲烷(4:1)淋洗,3￡1 mL甲醇洗脱时,NNAL在分子印迹固相萃取柱上的回收率达到93%．以尼古丁为竞争分子的选择性实验进一步证明该材料有很好的特异性识别能力．同时在不同加标水平尿液(500 pg/mL,1000 pg/mL,2000 pg/mL)的回收实验中,NNAL的回收率范围为87.2%～101.2%,精密度值均低于7.1%．     

溴代1-己基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体与丙酮的相互作用

运用核磁共振氢谱和碳谱手段,研究了室温离了液体溴代1-己基-3-甲基咪唑([C6mim]Br)在不同浓度的离子液体/丙酮混合体系中的1H和13C化学位移．实验结果表明,离了液体[C6mim]Br的阴离子与丙酮甲基上的氢原子相互作用并形成了氢键．量子化学计算结果与核磁共振实验结果一致．     

1,1,3,3-四甲基脲—溶剂氢键复合物的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)水平上对水、苯胺、氯仿与1,1,3,3-四甲基脲分子形成的1:1气相氢键复合物进行计算研究.结果表明,三种物质与1,1,3,3-四甲基脲形成的复合物存在氢键,表现为羰基氧原子的孤对电子与H—X(X=O,N,C)反键轨道的相互作用.氢键的形成使C=O和H—X的伸缩振动频率红移.在标准压力和298.15 K下,氢键复合物的形成是一个放热的非自发过程.     

超分子结构单元研究黑索金的弹性各向异性

含能材料的弹性性质微观上体现了分子间的结合力,且与含能材料的化学分解和爆炸相关.因此,弹性性质-晶体结构的关联为设计具有特定性质的新材料和理解含能材料点火起爆提供了理论基础.本文提出超分子结构单元作为最小化学单元来定量表征黑索金(RDX)不同晶面的弹性模量.基于超分子结构单元的弹性模量模型表明,与弹性模量相关的微观因素有:超分子结构单元的分子对数量、分子对的平衡距离、分子间力常数以及分子间非键能与晶面法线的夹角;而弹性模量的各向异性来源于分子间非键能与晶面法线的夹角不同.研究结果表明, RDX的超分子结构单元包含15个RDX分子,以该超分子结构单元计算得到RDX(100),(010),(001),(210)和(021)晶面的弹性模量分别为21.7, 17.1, 20.1, 19.1和15.3 GPa.除RDX(001)晶面外,以上晶面的理论计算值与超声共振谱、脉冲激热散射、布里渊散射和纳米压痕实验值基本吻合. RDX(001)晶面的计算值(20.1 GPa)远高于实验值(15.9—16.6 GPa),原因可能是计算过程中将RDX分子看作刚性体,忽略了RDX(001)晶面在外界载荷作用下...     

1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体的量子化学研究

采用量子化学的从头算(abinitio)和密度泛函(DFT)方法,在6311++G计算水平上研究了离子液体1乙基3甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐在气相模型下的离子对结构.经振动分析得到了离子对的红外谱,并利用自然键轨道(NBO)分析了阴阳离子与离子对的电荷布居差异.计算结果表明,离子对中存在氢键等弱相互作用.运用Counterpoise方法消除基组重叠误差,得到阴阳离子间的相互作用能为346.78kJ/mol.     

FeOx上AsH3吸附净化的密度泛函研究

基于密度泛函理论研究了AsH₃和O₂分子在α-Fe₂O₃(001)表面和FeO(100)表面的吸附及共吸附性质.结果表明：AsH₃和O₂分子在α-Fe₂O₃(001)表面最稳定的吸附构型都是Hollow吸附位点. AsH₃分子在FeO(100)表面最稳定的吸附位点为Top O吸附位点. O₂分子在FeO(100)表面最稳定的吸附位点为Hollow吸附位点. O₂分子在α-Fe₂O₃(001)和FeO(100)表面吸附后均被活化从而促进AsH₃分子的催化氧化. AsH₃分子在α-Fe₂O₃(001)表面最小的吸附能为-0.7991 eV,在FeO(100)表面最小的吸附能为-0.9117 eV.吸附值数据表明AsH     

Li含量对Li3xLa((2/3)–x?(1/3)–2x)TiO3固态电解质表面稳定性、电子结构及Li离子输运性质的影响

Li_3xLa₍(2/3)–x^?(1/3)–2x)TiO₃(LLTO)是一类颇具前景的锂离子电池固态电解质.本文采用第一性原理结合分子动力学方法对贫锂相和富锂相两种类型的LLTO表面进行研究,分析表面Li含量对其稳定性、电子结构及Li离子输运性质的影响.结果表明,具有La/O/Li-原子终端的(001)面为最稳定晶面.对于LLTO(001)面,当贫锂相/富锂相终端Li含量为0.17/0.33,0.29/0.40,0.38/0.45时,其表面结构更为稳定.电子结构分析表明,随着Li含量的增大,不论是贫锂相还是富锂相,其(001)表面均发现金属至半导体的转变.Li离子输运性质的研究结果表明,贫锂相和富锂相LLTO(001)表面均具有沿ab平面的二维扩散通道,且当终端Li含量分别达到0.38和0.40时具有最大的Li离子扩散系数及最低的Li离子扩散能垒,最低扩散能垒分别为0.42 eV和0.30 eV.因而,改变终端Li含量有利于提高LLTO(001)表面稳定性、打开表面带隙、改善Li离子迁移性能,这有助于...     

ATR-IR分析氢氧化钠对水及离子液体/水体系氢键作用的影响

利用衰减全反射红外光谱（ATR-IR）分析NaOH对水及1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸酯离子液体水溶液（EmimAc/水）氢键网络的影响,研究结果表明,NaOH的加入会影响水分子的氢键对称性和类型,对称性氢键谱带Ⅰ（3 218 cm-1）和Ⅱ（3 375 cm-1）随着NaOH浓度的提高而降低。NaOH使水溶液氢键发生极化,产生连续吸收带,连续吸收带随着NaOH浓度的提高而增强。水对EmimAc的阳离子和阴离子均有影响。水分子的OH和EmimAc的COO-产生强的相互作用,在3 400~3 200 cm-1产生宽的吸收谱带;而水分子的质子和COO-作用使得C═O吸收谱带红移。水的加入使得EmimAc指纹区的谱带蓝移或吸收强度下降,表明水可以破坏EmimAc原有的氢键网络,形成“阴离子…HOH…阴离子”团簇,减弱了离子液体阴、阳离子之间的相互作用。NaOH替代水与EmimAc混合,ATR-IR谱图的变化并不显著,主要表现在谱带的吸收强度上。与EmimAc/水相比,EmimAc/NaOH水溶液的ATR-IR谱的吸收强度更高,表明NaOH水溶液对EmimAc氢键网络的破坏不如水显著。由此可见,可利用EmimAc/NaOH体系降低离子液体体系黏度,并且降低离子液体使用成本,对木质纤维原料预处理有一定的指导意义。     

二芳基马来酸酐吸收光谱的计算研究

在B3LYP／6-311 G(3df,3pd)//b3LYP／6-31G(d)和TD／6-31G(d)//B3LYP[6-31G(d)水平上对二芳基马来酸酐的电子吸收光谱进行了研究。2,3-(2,4-二甲基噻吩-3)马来酸酐的开式结构和闭式结构的S1,S2和S3跃迁的计算结果分别为390,360．5,339．4;584．6,395．8,370．2nm;与类似物2,3-(2,4,5-三甲基噻吩-3)马来酸酐的开式结构和闭式结构的S1和S2,实验值390,331;552,386nm一致。振子相对强度计算结果与吸收峰强度一致。     

拉曼光谱法研究1,3-二甲基脲溶液中的相互作用

尿素类化合物在生命科学领域中有非常重要的作用,其独特的化学结构可与水等其他氢键给体材料形成氢键。氢键是生命分子体系中较常见和重要的分子间弱的相互作用,振动光谱方法为分子间氢键相互作用的研究提供有力的测量手段,其中拉曼光谱为研究水溶液中氢键形成和变化规律提供了可能。测得了1,3-二甲基脲(DMU)晶体的拉曼光谱,利用密度泛函理论(DFT)在B3LYP/6-311G**水平上对气态单体DMU进行结构的优化,并结合文献对拉曼光谱的谱线进行了归属认证。然后测得了1,3-DMU与水二元体系的拉曼光谱。相比与DMU晶体,当DMU分子溶于水后,水-DMU氢键相互作用将取代DMU-DMU分子间相互作用,导致氮原子杂化方式由sp2向sp3杂化转变。由此溶解过程中DMU分子的骨架从平面结构变成了非平面结构。     

Nanoscale anisotropic plastic deformation in single crystal aragonite

The nanoscale anisotropic elastic-plastic behavior of single-crystal aragonite is studied using nanoindentation and tapping mode atomic force microscopy imaging. Force-depth curves coaxial to the axis exhibited load plateaus indicative of dislocation nucleation events. Plasticity on distinct slip systems was evident in residual topographic impressions where four pileup lobes were present after indentation with a conospherical probe and distinct, protruding slip bands were present after indentation with a Berkovich pyramidal probe. A finite element crystal plasticity model revealed the governing roles of the {110}<001>slip system family, as well as the (100)[010], (100)[001], (010)[100], (010)[001], (001)[100] and (001)[010] systems.     

Structures of indium oxide nanobelts

Indium oxide nanobelts of growth directions of [100] type (majority) and [120] type (minor) have been found. The two types of nanobelts have the top and bottom surfaces being (001), while the [100] type nanobelts have side surfaces of (010) and a rectangular cross-section, and the [120] type nanobelts have a parallelogram cross-section. The nanobelts have a perfect crystal structure without the presence of line or planar defects.     

Peierls–Nabarro model for dislocations in MgSiO3 post-perovskite calculated at 120 GPa from first principles

We present here the first numerical modelling of dislocations in MgSiO₃ post-perovskite at 120?GPa. The dislocation core structures and properties are calculated through the Peierls–Nabarro model using the generalized stacking fault (GSF) results as a starting model. The GSFs are determined from first-principle calculations using the VASP code. Dislocation properties such as planar core spreading and Peierls stresses are determined for the following slip systems: [100](010), [100](001), [100](011), [001](010), [001](110), [001](100), [010](100), [010](001), ½[110](001) and ½[110](110). Our results confirm that the MgSiO₃ post-perovskite is a very anisotropic phase with a plasticity dominated by dislocation glide in the (010) plane.     

Young’s modulus and fracture during Knoop indentation of potassium, rubidium, cesium, and ammonium acid phthalate single crystals on the (010) plane

The correlation of the anisotropy of the Young??s modulus of organic single crystals of potassium, rubidium, cesium, and ammonium acid phthalates with strain and fracture patterns during Knoop indentation on the (010) cleavage plane in the [001] and [100] directions has been studied. The data on the maximum anisotropy of the strain and fracture patterns of the ammonium acid phthalate single crystal have been discussed in view of the published data on the structure, mechanical, elastic, and X-ray spectral properties of these crystals.     

Physicochemical characteristics of the components of energetic condensed systems

The physicochemical characteristics of nanosized energetic materials (aluminum, ammonium nitrate, RDX) are studied and the burning rate of energetic condensed systems containing nanosized components is determined. The morphology, chemical purity, and thermal properties of nanosized powders produced by vacuum and plasma recondensation were examined. The materials obtained are identical to the precursors and are characterized by an increased reactivity compared to their microsized counterparts. At a pressure of 100 atm, a monopropellant prepared from nanosized RDX particles is found to have twice as high the burning velocity as a microsized RDX propellant. For nanoaluminum-ammonium perchlorate compositions, the burning velocity is demonstrated to be an order of magnitude higher than that for similar compositions with microsized aluminum. An important feature of nanoaluminum-based formulations is a decrease in the degree of agglomeration of metal fuel products and, hence, in two-phase losses in solid-propellant rocket engines.     

Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O2212相超导单晶的定向生长

用定向凝固法已成功地生长出Bi-Sr-Ca-O2212相的超导大单晶,最大的单晶尺寸达到19×3×2mm³。定向生长的单晶(001)面平行于生长方向,[100]方向为单晶的定向生长方向。劳厄像表明大晶体确为单晶,其质量比其它方法生长的单晶要高。氧气中退火后的单晶电阻测量和交流磁化率测量表明,零电阻温度T_c(0)=81.5k。 关键词：     

Observation of the flux line lattice in high Tc-superconductor Bi2.2Sr2CaCu2OX and Ti2Ba2CaCu2OX single crystals

The flux-line lattice (FLL) has been observed on the (001) face of high T_c Bi_2.2Sr₂CaCu₂O_X and Ti₂Ba₂CaCu₂O_X single cristals using the technique of decorating the sample with small ferromagnetic particles. Strong pinning of the Abrikosov vortices by plane defects along (100) and (010) planes has been found out on Bi_2.2Sr₂CaCu₂O_X. The triangular FLL with a long-range order has been observed on the perfect Ti₂Ba₂CaCu₂O_X single crystal. The penetration depth for a magnetic field parallel to (001) axis has been evaluated as ≤0.2μm at 4.2K for both materials.     

非线性光学晶体YCOB的性能表征

采用显微硬度计、差热扫描仪等表征手段开展了非线性光学晶体YCOB的硬度及热学等相关性能的测量。结果表明YCOB晶体在(100)、(010)及(001)三个方向上的硬度的各向异性较小,有利于YCOB晶体的后期加工。其在330K时的比热容为0.74J·g-1·K-1,经过计算,其在主轴化方向上的热导率分别为1.74,2.16及3.08W·m-1·K-1,具有比较适中的热导率。     

Preparation of nanocomposite PbO·CuO/CNTs via microemulsion process and its catalysis on thermal decomposition of RDX

Mixture of carbon black, copper and lead was used as catalyst of high-content RDX-composite-modified double base propellant. To enhance the catalytic effect and improve the flaring performance, metal oxide deposited on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are replaced with afore-mentioned catalyst. A new type of nano-combustion catalyst is synthesized with microemulsion process. In present work, ternary diagram was adopted to analyze the essential factors which affect microemulsion, including temperature, surfactant or cosurfactant and concentration of solution in order to find the best technical parameters and thus to control the core formation and growth of oxides on the nano-template. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are applied to characterize the products. Through observation of microstructures and analysis of crystal structure, it is confirmed that nano-oxides are deposited on the surface of carbon nanotubes. Its particle size is below 50 nm. According to propellant components, a certain amount of combustion catalyst and RDX will be mixed. PbO·CuO/CNTs can catalyze thermal decomposition of RDX by thermal analysis. The results show that the new catalysts obviously accelerate the decomposition of RDX, and the peak temperature of decomposition reduce by 14.1 °C. The catalytic effect of nano-catalyst is better than original catalyst.     

Ca0.5Sr0.5TiO3弹性和热学性质的第一性原理研究

利用能量最小原理, 确定了Ca_0.5Sr_0.5TiO₃晶体中4c位置的Ca/Sr原子对称分布, 建立了Ca_0.5Sr_0.5TiO₃稳定的晶体结构, 在此基础上利用基于密度泛函理论第一性原理的平面波超软赝势方法, 采用局域密度近似和广义梯度近似函数, 计算了Ca_0.5Sr_0.5TiO₃的晶格参数、弹性常数、体弹模量、剪切模量、杨氏模量、泊松比, 并基于Christoffel方程的本征值研究了平面声波的特征, 基于Cahill和Cahill-Pohl模型研究了最小热导率的特征. 计算结果表明: Ca_0.5Sr_0.5TiO₃晶格参数和实验值很接近, 体弹模量大于剪切模量, [100], [010], [001]晶向的杨氏模量、泊松比、普适弹性常数(A^U)以及杨氏模量三维图均显示了弹性各向异性; 平面声波在(010), (001)平面呈现各向异性, 在(100)平面呈现各向同性, 平面声波大小与平均横波和平均纵波的数值很接近. Cahill模型最小热导率在各平面呈现各向同性, Cahill-Pohl模型最小热导率在高温时趋于恒定. 准谐德拜模型下Ca_0.5Sr_0.5TiO₃ 晶体的摩尔热容和热膨胀系数与CaTiO₃晶体的接近, 并且高温下具有稳定的热膨胀性能. 计算所得禁带宽度为2.19 eV, 导带底主要是Ti-3d与O-2p态电子贡献; 由电荷布居和电荷密度图理论证实Ca_0.5Sr_0.5TiO₃具有稳定的Ti-O八面体结构.