体光源模拟标定法测O2(1Δ)绝对浓度

 O₂(¹Δ)绝对浓度的测量,一直是SOG和COIL研究中的重要参数之一。体光源模拟标定法测O₂(¹Δ)绝对浓度,是把发光气体以某一流速引入一已知体积的流动光池中,再通过具有低象差失真的光学系统,把该体光源成象在探测器的有效表面上。探测器和测量仪器组成的测量系统,要经过标准光源和电学标定。本方法可测出O₂(¹Δ绝对浓度和其分压,O₂(¹Δ)产率等参数。其中O₂(¹Δ)浓度测量结果的相对误差为20%。     

自发拉曼光谱法测量O2(1Δ)产率中氯气荧光干扰的消除

利用自发拉曼光谱法测量O₂(1Δ)产率的过程中发现O₂(1Δ)和O2(³∑)拉曼光谱上叠加有氯气荧光光谱, 严重影响了O₂(1Δ)产率的测量. 为此,利用气体分子的拉曼光谱具有偏振特性,而荧光光谱没有偏振特性的特点对测量O₂(1Δ)产率的自发拉曼光谱法进行了改进. 实验结果表明,这一改进可有效消除氯气荧光干扰,使单重态氧发生器在氯气利用率为88%时的O₂(1Δ)产率可很容易地被确定为(42.4±7.4)%.     

光解CF3I研究I(52p1/2)的动力学

 本实验用YAG激光器的四倍频光,光解CF₃I得到I(5²P_1/2)。通过测量I(5²P_1/2)跃迁到基态而发出的1.315 μm荧光得到I(5²P_1/2)的自发辐射寿命为0.0370.005s,测得CF₃I、O₂、He对I(5²P_1/2)的猝灭常数分别为0.605Pa^-1s^-1,2 .25Pas^-1及0.22Pas^-1。     

CO和O2分子与TiO2(110)表面负载Pt单原子的相互作用

Pt单原子在低温CO氧化反应中具有很高的催化活性. 利用扫描隧道显微术与密度泛函理论，研究了Pt单原子在还原性TiO₂(110)表面的吸附行为及其与CO和O₂分子的相互作用. 研究发现在80 K低温下，TiO₂表面的氧空位缺陷是Pt单原子的最优吸附位. 将CO和O₂分子分别通入Pt单原子吸附后的TiO₂表面，研究相应的吸附构型. 实验表明在低覆盖度下，单个Pt原子会俘获一个CO分子，CO分子同时与表面次近邻的五配位Ti原子(Ti_5c)成键，进而形成非对称的Pt-CO 复合物构型. 将样品从80 K升温到100 K后，TiO₂表面的CO分子会迁移到Pt-CO处形成Pt-(CO)₂的复合结构. 对于O₂分子，单个Pt原子同样会吸附一个O₂分子，O₂分子也会与最近邻或次近邻的Ti_5c原子成键形成两种Pt-O₂构型. 这些结果在单分子尺度上揭示了CO和O₂与Pt单原子的相互作用，呈现了CO与O₂反应中的初始状态.     

Cr2O3催化合成气转化至甲醇的微观动力学研究

Cr₂O₃是双功能催化合成气转化的重要氧化物组分,其可将合成气转化为重要的中间物种甲醇. 结合密度泛函理论计算和微观动力学模拟,本文系统研究了干净Cr₂O₃(001)和(012)表面,以及氢覆盖或含有氧空位的还原(012)表面的结构及催化合成气转化至甲醇的活性. 本文探讨了合成气转化为甲醇的分步或协同反应路径,并确定CO或CHO氢化是决速步骤. 微观动力学分析表明,Cr₂O₃(001)表面难以催化合成气转化为甲醇,在673 K 时,两个还原性(012)表面的反应速率(25∽28 s^-1)比干净的(012)表面(4.3 s^-1)高出约五倍. 计算结果表明了Cr₂O₃表面还原性对催化活性的重要性,或许可以为双功能催化体系中氧化物组分的设计提供参考.     

Mg2(BH4)2(NH2)2脱氢机理的理论研究

对Mg₂(BH₄)₂(NH₂)₂的脱氢机理展开系统的理论研究发现相对于分子内的脱氢过程,分子间的脱氢过程在热力学和动力学方面都是比较有利的. Mg₂(BH₄)₂(NH₂)₂脱氢过程的第一步是BH₄^-中的B-H^δ-和NH2-中     

在193 nm关于Si2分子的离子解离动力学的成像研究

在193 nm的单色激光实验中，本文利用时间切片离子速度成像技术，研究了经193 nm双光子电离得到的Si₂⁺的解离反应动力学过程. 根据实验得到的Si⁺离子的速度成像，观测到了两种离子直接解离通道：Si(³P_g)+Si⁺(²P_u)和Si(¹D₂)+Si⁺(²P_u). 电子基态的Si₂分子处于v=0∽5的振动态上，其经过双光子电离后激发到Si₂⁺离子的多个电子激发态势能面，生成主要通道Si(³P_g)+Si⁺(²P_u)，其中v=1的解离信号最强. 此外，由于势能曲线2²Π_g与3²Π_g相同对称性引起的避免性势能面交叉，生成次要反应通道Si(¹D₂)+Si⁺(²P_u). 通道Si(¹D₂)+Si⁺(²P_u)的产物亦可以由生成的基态Si₂⁺(X⁴Σ_g^-)吸收一个193 nm光子后解离得到，其对应产物则具有更大的动能.     

基于从头算势能面对S-(2P)+H2(1Σ+g)→SH-(1Σ)+H(2S)反应的量子含时波包计算

本文基于离子分子SH₂^-基态势能面,应用含时波包方法研究了反应S^-(²P)+H₂(¹Σ⁺_g)→SH^-(¹Σ)+H(²S)的动力学行为. 给出了反应几率和积分截面随碰撞能的变化关系,结果表明,在讨论的所有碰撞能量范围内二者均存在显著的振荡结构. 当初始转动量子数j=0,2,4,6,8,10和振动量子数v=0,1,2,3,4时,从总反应几率数值计算中可以看出,双原子H₂的振动激发和转动激发显著提高了反应活性. 同时积分散射截面的理论值与前人的实验值相符合.     

焙烧温度对SiO2负载的Co3O4纳米粒子表面氧缺陷浓度和CO氧化催化性能的影响

以传统的浸渍法,在不同焙烧温度下制备了用于CO氧化反应的Co₃O₄/SiO₂催化剂．通过激光拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(TPR)和X射线吸收精细结构谱(XAFS)表征了该系列催化剂的结构．在所有的催化剂中,XRD和Raman光谱都只检测到了Co₃O₄晶相的存在．与Co₃O₄体相相比,XPS结果表明在200 oC焙烧的(Co₃O₄(200)/SiO₂)催化剂中Co₃O₄表面上存在着过量的Co²⁺．与XPS的结果一致,TPR结果表明Co₃O₄(200)/SiO₂催化剂中Co₃O₄表面上存在氧缺陷, 并且XAFS结果也表明Co₃O₄(200)/SiO₂催化剂中Co₃O₄具有更多的Co²⁺．提高焙烧温度使得过量的Co²⁺进一步氧化为Co³⁺,同时降低了表面氧缺陷浓度,从而得到计量比的Co₃O₄4/SiO₂催化剂．在所有的负载催化剂中Co₃O₄(200)/SiO₂催化剂表现出了最好的CO氧化催化性能,表明过量Co²⁺和表面氧缺陷的存在能够促进Co₃O₄催化CO氧化反应的活性.     

O2(1Δ)发生器溶液预混及反应换热系统设计

 通过采用离心泵与换热器进行的换热系统设计,缩短了溶液预混时间,增强了O₂(¹Δ)发生器的反应换热效率,同时使发生器在反应中具备了动态传质性能,改善了氧碘化学激光器的输出功率。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.