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1.
激光外差探测超声位移的原理、方法和实验   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
本文介绍了激光外差探测超声位移的原理,用布喇格声光衍射盒作为激光移频,锁相环作调相信号解调等方法组成的外差干涉探测装置和实验结果,并分析了空间准直性对激光外差干涉信噪比的影响以及减小探测极限和抑制噪声的途径。  相似文献   

2.
探测超声微振动的激光外差干涉仪   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
激光超声是一项新兴的技术,可应用于非接触检测。本文作者研制的探测超声微振动的激光外差干涉仪,该装置具有结构简单,不必采用复杂的反馈回路,只要采用简单的滤波就可以消除外界环境引起的干扰,更重要的是它的测量结果与干涉仪的初相无关,为实际应用提供了很大方便。  相似文献   

3.
在国内首次报道以窄线宽的4.4μm外腔量子级联激光(QCL)作为本地振荡光源,黑体作为辐射光源的激光外差光谱实验装置的建立和测量工作。激光外差光谱是一种高灵敏度的光谱探测技术,并可以用于发展一种小型的光谱探测系统,进行地基或星载的地球大气或天文观测。介绍了激光外差的基本理论、装置的建立和实验测量工作。此激光外差光谱实验装置采用4.4μm外腔量子级联激光,出光功率高达180mW,在4.38~4.52μm间连续可调,具有很宽的光谱调谐范围,能实现CO2,CO和N2O等大气重要分子的同时测量。通过开展不同压力下CO2气体的激光外差光谱测量,对激光外差光谱实验装置的性能进行了评估。目前该激光外差系统的信噪比达到86,低于散粒噪声极限条件的理论计算值287,系统的光谱分辨率约为0.007 8cm-1,能满足较窄线宽条件下的高分辨率激光外差光谱的测量。分析结果表明,中红外激光外差光谱系统具有很高的瞬态信噪比及光谱分辨率,在高精度测量大气温室气体的柱浓度和温室气体垂直廓线分布方面具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

4.
郝晶晶  朱日宏  陆健 《应用光学》2007,28(6):764-768
简要介绍了激光超声技术以及声表面波的基本特点、激光超声产生和接收的基本原理及激光超声技术的应用。概述了聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)压电薄膜材料的结构、性质和应用,以及薄膜压电性产生的机理。对PVDF换能器的设计思路和实验方法进行了简单讨论。具体实验采用脉冲激光器激发声表面波,利用PVDF传感器接收实验信号,调试实验信号,得出波形,并对实验现象作出初步分析。证实了该实验装置应用于激光超声无损检测的可行性与可靠性。  相似文献   

5.
激光外差光谱技术是近年迅速发展的一种高光谱分辨率遥感探测技术,其装置具有体积小、光谱分辨率高等特点,适用于大气温室气体浓度的探测。各种观测实验已证明其是一种切实、有效的探测手段,在地球大气探测领域具有很大的应用前景和潜力。在现有激光外差光谱仪器的基础之上,提出了一种新型的仪器结构。采用光纤光开关对直射的太阳光进行调制与分束,实现利用单个光纤光开关进行两个波段激光外差信号的同时探测。为全光纤激光外差光谱仪的下一步系统集成和多波段激光外差光谱仪的构建提供了新方法。从激光外差探测的原理出发,分析了激光外差光谱探测技术的优势和关键参数,并结合自行研制的高精度太阳跟踪仪,搭建了一套近红外双通道全光纤式激光外差辐射计的原理样机。详细地阐述了激光外差辐射计原理样机中各功能模块的作用和参数,着重描述了光纤光开关在其中的作用原理和功能,详细地讨论了激光外差光谱仪的波长扫描模式和波长标定方法。在此基础上,讨论了激光外差辐射计的相关参数设置依据和仪器函数的测量方法,并给出了激光外差装置的仪器函数以及相应的光谱分辨率(0.004 4 cm-1)。利用搭建的激光外差光谱仪在合肥地区(31.9°N, 117.166°E)进行了实际的大气探测,同时在波段(6 056.2~6 058.1 cm-1)和(6 035.6~6 036.5 cm-1)分别获取了CH4和CO2分子的激光外差吸收信号,并对吸收信号进行了波长标定和归一化,得到了CH4分子和CO2分子的整层大气透过率谱,测量光谱信号的信噪比分别为197和209,同时也对分子吸收信号的光谱特征进行了分析。本文的测量实践表明光纤光开关可以用于激光外差光谱系统的结构优化,实现多通道多波段的激光外差光谱同时测量,拓展激光外差光谱仪在大气探测领域的应用。  相似文献   

6.
针对外差干涉的微振动测量存在稳定性低、严重受环境噪声影响等缺点,提出了对光路的改进方案。根据差分原理将其改为双光路,消除环境噪声的干扰;通过偏振分光棱镜(PBS)将椭圆偏振光变为线偏光,提高干涉信号幅值;改进频移装置(AOM),抑制频率漂移;增加光阑,滤除杂散光,提高系统信噪比。通过探测5 kHz压电陶瓷振动信号,以及2.5 MHz高频激光超声信号进行实验验证,结果表明:信号稳定且无纹波,系统分辨率为2.3 nm,信噪比提高16.7倍。两路干涉信号幅值分别为552 mV和736 mV,较传统外差干涉信号幅值提高近10倍,有利于纳米量级微振动信号的检测。  相似文献   

7.
李彦超  章亮  杨彦玲  高龙  徐博  王春晖 《物理学报》2009,58(8):5473-5478
利用基于激光外差测量技术和激光多普勒技术的非接触式多光束激光外差测量方法,得到了光电探测器输出电流的谐波表达式.讨论了该测量方法用于玻璃厚度超精密测量的可行性及理论依据,并利用Matlab软件对不同情况进行了仿真实验.结果表明:该方法在不同入射角时测量平板玻璃厚度最大的误差为0.3%,明显比其他测量方法精度高. 关键词: 外差探测 多光束激光外差 激光多普勒技术 非接触式测量  相似文献   

8.
脉冲相干激光雷达测距信号研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对脉冲激光雷达外差测距信号进行了研究,理论上,采用调Q激光脉冲的数值计算波形,研究了脉冲激光经远处目标漫反向后进行外差接收的波形及其傅里叶变换频谱成分。实验上,研究了可调谐电光调Q射频激励波导CO2激光器脉冲激光经目标反射后的外差波形及其傅里叶变换频谱成分,并计算了目标的距离,理论分析与实验结果一致。  相似文献   

9.
红外激光外差气体分析仪信号分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
本文研究红外激光外差气体分析仪信号提取的数学模型,论证了外差气体分析仪的探测灵敏度可达10~(-4)ppb,这比直接探测方式约高九个量级.文中着重分析了方波控制激光器的频谱形式、光信号外差探测装置和电信号解调原理.最终导出外差气体分析仪气体浓度信息流程,据此绘制了方波控制CO_2激光外差气体分析仪原理方框图.  相似文献   

10.
对实验室现有的超声光栅测声速实验装置加装反射镜及利用激光光源进行改进,通过对样品纯净水的测试比较,改进后的实验装置对实验测量结果精度有明显提高。测试样品的范围扩大,实现了物理实验技术和方法与石油专业相结合,有利于提高实验教学效果。  相似文献   

11.
Silva MZ  Gouyon R  Lepoutre F 《Ultrasonics》2003,41(4):301-305
Preliminary results of hidden corrosion detection in aircraft aluminum structures using a noncontact laser based ultrasonic technique are presented. A short laser pulse focused to a line spot is used as a broadband source of ultrasonic guided waves in an aluminum 2024 sample cut from an aircraft structure and prepared with artificially corroded circular areas on its back surface. The out of plane surface displacements produced by the propagating ultrasonic waves were detected with a heterodyne Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Time-frequency analysis of the signals using a continuous wavelet transform allowed the identification of the generated Lamb modes by comparison with the calculated dispersion curves. The presence of back surface corrosion was detected by noting the loss of the S(1) mode near its cutoff frequency. This method is applicable to fast scanning inspection techniques and it is particularly suited for early corrosion detection.  相似文献   

12.
相位激光测距与外差干涉相结合的绝对距离测量研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
周小珊  李岩 《应用光学》2010,31(6):1013-1017
 为了克服一般绝对距离测量方法量程和精度不能同时满足的问题,提出一种相位激光测距与外差干涉相结合的绝对距离测量方案。该方案使用相位激光测距技术进行粗测,双纵模He-Ne激光器外差干涉测长技术进行精测,保证两者结合的单值性。建立测量系统,对方案的可行性进行了实验验证,并对影响系统稳定性的因素进行了分析。与双频激光干涉仪的比对结果表明:测量标准差优于1mm,可以满足一些大尺寸的测量精度要求。  相似文献   

13.
All-fiber digital heterodyne interferometry is a laser metrology technique employing pseudo-random codes phase modulated onto an optical carrier signal. In this heterodyne interferometer system, the optical signal includes signal reflected and transmitted from the sample, respectively. Compared with the conventional heterodyne interferometry, this enhanced optical system has much higher measurement sensitivity, and can distinguish the signal which reflected from the front and the rear surface of the sample. Analysis and simulation for the digital heterodyne interferometry are presented. It takes approximately 4 s to scan the whole surface with the diameter of 300 mm. The thickness profile of the sample is obtained in the experiment. The discussion about the experiment is given finally.  相似文献   

14.
激光外差干涉快速超精密测量模型研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
为了精确地描述激光外差干涉在快速超精密测量中的位移测量.建立了激光外差干涉快速超精密测量模型。传统外差干涉测量模型采用舍去高阶误差的方法,便于分析与快速计算,但存快速纳米精度测量中,高阶误差已经影响到测量精度.根据多普勒频移公式,通过分析激光外差干涉的测量原理.在已有的激光干涉测量模型上增加了u^2/c的积分项.相当于将传统测量模型进行了高阶误差补偿。通过理论分析可知,当最高测量速度为1m/s,运行位移为3m时,该测量模型能够减小约18nm的测量误差,解决了传统测量模型存存的残余误差累计问题,从而为激光外差干涉在快速超精密测量领域的应用提供了一种理论依据。  相似文献   

15.
Slegrová Z  Bálek R 《Ultrasonics》2005,43(5):315-319
This paper deals with the analysis of ultrasonic fields inside waveguides generated by ultrasonic waves of high amplitude. These waves behave nonlinearly, so it is not possible to use standard linear equations to describe their behaviour. Therefore, we started with an experimental determination of the acoustic pressure of air in glass tubes. We chose two methods of measurement--by a microphone and by an optical interferometric probe. The conventional method by a microphone creates numerous problems, which can be avoided by using an optical method, a heterodyne laser interferometer.  相似文献   

16.
This paper describes a novel fiber-coupled heterodyne interferometer using a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror and an f-theta lens. In this interferometer system, the cross-polarized laser beams operating at 2 μm with the frequency difference of 100 kHz are introduced by means of the two acousto-optic modulators (AOM). The sample with diameter of 300 mm is uniformly scanned by the 1 mm laser beam with the help of the combined optical scanning configuration, a MEMS mirror and an f-theta lens. The output intermediate signal from the two channels, reference channel and the measurement channel, are processed in the 12 bit analog-to-digital (A/D) process system. Details of our interferometer scheme are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
In the 1920s, the solid-solid interface wave, Stoneley wave, was first studied by Stoneley. From the 1930s to 1940s, the fluid-solid interface waves, usually called Scholte wave or Scholte-Stoneley wave, were studied by Cagniard and Scholte respec-tively[1]. The Scholte wave corresponds to the real root of the fluid-solid interface secu-lar equation, which is usually called the Scholte equation, and the velocity of Scholte wave is only slightly lower than the longitudinal velocity of the f…  相似文献   

18.
Presented work introduces methods for improving linearity of a heterodyne laser interferometer system. The heterodyne configuration exhibits high potential in demanding applications, like pico/nano positioning. Those applications require superior accuracy, more difficult to obtain in a homodyne configuration of the laser interferometer. The homodyne setup is more susceptible to external light, variation of DC offset and higher noises, especially the 1/f noise. Those issues are filtered out in the heterodyne configuration. The main disadvantage of heterodyne setup are higher measurement nonlinearities. In this paper there are first introduced sources of nonlinearities and their impact on the overall accuracy. According to those findings there are proposed techniques to eliminate error caused by parasite beams, i.e. nonlinearities. Presented method is based on digital signal processing and is reliable and easy to use. In the shown approach the nonlinearities correction is completely automatic. Such system is applicable for X/Y positioning stages. Presented configuration of the laser interferometer is able to track the displacement with 100 pm resolution up to 7 m/s of translation velocity. The resolution can be improved to 10 pm by limitation of maximal velocity. In the paper there is confirmed that errors caused by nonlinearities are in range of ±0.6 nm. Achieved accuracy is comparable to capacitance gauges with presented laser interferometer having much better dynamic range.  相似文献   

19.
双波长绝对距离外差干涉仪的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
赵洋  周挺  李达成 《光学学报》1999,19(9):274-1278
提出了一种采用双纵模稳频激光器的新型绝对距离测量外差干涉仪。该干涉仪探测两个波长各自的外差信号, 通过测量两信号的相位差, 直接测量出合成波的小数级次。指出了两波长间的相互耦合对测量精度的影响, 提出了补偿方法, 在25 m 的测量范围取得了 140 μm 的测量精度。  相似文献   

20.
A compact fibre, phase-shifted Sagnac interferometer for ultrasound detection has been developed. The interferometer is a truly path-matched device, and therefore requires no path stabilization or heterodyning. It is a less expensive and more robust alternative to the heterodyne or path-stabilized Michelson interferometer. The device provides high spatial resolution of ultrasonic detection. It has been used in conjunction with conventional piezoelectric transducers (PZT) to detect Rayleigh and Lamb waves and to image a crack in a thin plate, rivet cracks in riveted plates, and for ultrasonic beam profiling.  相似文献   

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