南下访“淇淇”

我国独有的长江淡水白鱀豚“淇淇”及其同种的发声和听觉的特性,包括它们所发射超声信号（的答声）和可听声信号（哨叫声）以及它们的听觉区域,也介绍了白鱀豚当前频临灭绝的处境。     

Going down south to visit

介绍我国独有的长江淡水白鱀豚“淇淇”及其同种的发声和听觉的特性,包括它们所发射超声信号(的答声)和可听声信号(哨叫声)以及它们的听觉区域,也介绍了白鱀豚当前频临灭绝的处境。     

蚱蝉听觉中间神经元对声信号特征编码的电生理研究

本文首次报道蚱蝉听觉系统中放电模式不同的两类中间神经元的阈值-频率关系曲线,及它们对声刺激信号的强度与时间特征的编码方式.它们的功能可能分别是简易的声强与时间编码器和声脉冲标记器.     

听觉计算模型在鲁棒性语音识别中的应用

利用听觉感知机理,建立一个基于听觉感知机理的语音信号特征提取模型。本文由两部分组成,一部分是在传统听觉计算模型基础上提出听觉倒谱特征AFCC（AnditoryFrequencyCepstralCoefficient）的提取方法,这样既压缩了特征维数,减小计算量,又使各个特征维之间相互独立,满足HMM模型的要求。并且根据听觉神经中枢的长时整合特性,文中提出了用低通滤波模型来模拟这种功能。结合该低通模型,提取的语音信号的听觉倒谱特征在HMM框架下取得较好的鲁律性。另一部分在研究听觉侧抑制机理的基础上,提出一个简单有效的听觉侧抑制处理模型。美尔倒谱特征MFCC谱特征经过该侧抑制模型处理,得到侧抑制美倒谱特征MFCCI,实验表明,该新特征MFCCI鲁棒性能比MFCC有大大提高。听觉倒谱特征AFCC经过该侧抑制处理得到侧抑制听觉倒谱特征AFCCI,实验表明,该新特征AFCCI鲁律性能比AFCC有大大提高。     

二维信号分析法在超声无损检测中的应用

本文综述了近年来二维信号分析法在超声无检测（NDT）中的应用,其中包括二维快速Fourier交换（FFT）、Wigner-Ville分布（WWD）、Gabor变换（GT）和小波变换（WT）等,对它们自在NDT应用中的优缺点进行了分析比较和讨论。     

5.1通路环绕声的耳机虚拟重放

提出了一种改进的5.1通路环绕声的耳机虚拟重放信号处理方法。在对现有的信号处理方法进行分析,指出它会产生不自然主观听觉效果后,通过理论和心理声学实验证明,采用HRTF信号处理、环绕声信号去相关等方法,在克服普通耳机声重放的“头中定位”的缺点、虚拟出多环绕扬声器效果的同时,并未带来新的不自然听觉效果。因此信号处理方法可增加听觉上的包围感,从而改善耳机重放的主观听觉效果。     

语音中相位的听觉感知实验研究

人的听觉对语音信号中相位的感知比较迟钝,因而对语音信号进行处理和编码时常常不关心相位失真。实际上,相位失真到一定程度时会明显导致语音质量的下降。为了取得高质量的声码器,语音谱分量的相位信息是不能不考虑的。本文通过主观听觉测试实验研究了语音信号的短时Fourier变换相位谱对人的听觉感知的影响。测试结果表明: (1)如果完全舍弃原相位信息,则得到的重建语音含有很强的噪声且自然度很差; (2)不论舍弃高频段还是低频段的相位信息,均能导致听觉感知差异; (3)当相位的量阶小于π/7时,人的听觉系统将分辨不出重建语音和原始语音之间存在的差异.     

基于听觉特性的舰船辐射噪声信号仿真

针对工程应用中对舰船辐射噪声信号仿真结果在听觉感受上模拟度欠佳的问题,建立了一种基于音色参量谱质心的辐射噪声仿真方法。采用基于实测谱的连续谱仿真模拟,并且通过整体对比实测信号的听觉特性来搜索符合特征样本音色的线谱族幅值参量,在一定程度上改善了仿真信号的听觉特征。通过仿真最优匹配度趋势来寻求最优搜索次数,用以缩短仿真时间,得到了符合工程应用的结果。     

高信号背景比的持久性偏振光谱烧孔

用偏振光谱方法对有机固体材料频域存贮材料进行单光子和双光子的选通光谱烧孔，获得了高的信号背景（噪声）比（ＳＢＲ）。文章介绍偏振光谱烧孔原理和实验上得到高信号背景比的方法和结果，展示了偏振光谱烧孔技术在高分辨光谱和频域信号存贮应用的良好前景。     

基于听觉感知的语音稀疏表示及压缩感知*

本文针对语音信号稀疏表示及压缩感知问题,将听觉感知引入稀疏系数筛选过程,用掩蔽阈值筛选重要系数,以得到更符合听觉感受的语音稀疏表示。通过对一帧浊音信号分别采用掩蔽阈值和能量阈值方法进行系数筛选对比实验,结果表明掩蔽阈值法具有更好的稀疏表示效果。为验证听觉感知对语音压缩感知性能的影响,与能量阈值法对照对测试语音进行压缩感知观测和重构,通过压缩比、信噪比、主观平均意见分等主客观指标评价其性能,结果表明,掩蔽阈值法可有效地提高压缩比且保证重构语音具有较高的主观听觉质量。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.