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 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
讨论了理想气体的定义,证明了在理想气体定义的问题上,焦耳定律条件和绝对热力学温标与理想气体温标相等(即θ=T)的条件是等价的。  相似文献   

2.
再谈理想气体的定义   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
常树人 《大学物理》1999,18(3):21-21,46
讨论了理论气体的定义,指出理想气体状态方程与焦耳定律对于定义理想气体提缺一不可的。  相似文献   

3.
关于理想气体定义的再认识   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
张奎 《大学物理》1990,(3):20-21
本文指出:只需玻意耳定律和阿伏伽德罗定律即可定义理想气体.玻意耳定律和焦耳定律不是相互独立的,遵守玻意耳定律的气体必然服从焦耳定律,反之则不然.最后,作者对今日热力学教材中如何定义理想气体提出了建议.  相似文献   

4.
关于理想气体的宏观定义   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
包科达 《大学物理》1999,18(3):18-20
讨论了理想气体的热力学方面的定义,说明:玻意耳定律,理论气体温标和焦耳定律是从宏观上界定理想气体的基本上属性和特征的三个必不可少的实验定律。  相似文献   

5.
多方过程几种定义说法等效性的证明   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
多方过程,又名多变过程,在热力工程中有重要的实用价值.在普通物理热学教材中对于多方过程的讲解,一般是不加推导直接利用理想气体的绝热过程得出多方过程方程,有关多方过程的定义说  相似文献   

6.
李崇虎 《大学物理》2000,19(12):22-23,28
理想气体的状态方程pV=nRθ,是依据三个实验定律进行热力学理论推导的结果。根据它可以用理想气体实现热力学温标。pV=nRT是依据实验事实得到的理想气体绝对温标的定义式。两者的物理意义是不相同的。  相似文献   

7.
在证明理想气体卡诺循环的效率时,一般教科书都利用理想气体的绝热过程方程 常数(或与其等价的方程),但是这一方程是在假定y为一与温度无关的常数下得到的近似方程,利用了上述近似方程容易使人怀疑证明的结果是否也有近似的性质.答案自然是否定的,本文提出一种改进了的证明,其中只利用热力学第一定律和理想气体的定义.从而避免了 中含有近似成份的不正确想法。 证明如下: 考虑理想气体的卡诺循环如图(1) (1)1→2.等温膨胀过程.由第一定律和理想气体的内能仅为温度的函数可知。在这个过程中系统内能不变,系统对外作的功等于系统从热源T1中吸…  相似文献   

8.
梁志强 《大学物理》1991,10(11):25-25,24
本文针对《大学物理》1988年第8期所刊“关于理想气体卡诺循环的一点注记”一文所提出的问题展开讨论,利用理想气体绝热过程的微分方程以及理想气体熵的表达式,同样完成了理想气体卡诺循环效率的证明.结果表明,这两种证明方法均可避免出现上文所提出的问题  相似文献   

9.
离心压气机实际气体准三元数值计算   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
1前言目前,化工用高压离心式压缩机的工质繁多,它们大都为真实气体。针对压缩理想气体而言的流场分析结果,显然不能简单地用来比拟压缩实际气体的流场.在生产和科学研究中,对压气机进行实际气体的性能测试和流场详细测量都比工质使用空气(理想气体)的难度大得多。因此分析比较理想气体和实际气体这两种不同工质的流场,寻找它们之间的内在联系对指导实际气体的设计工作有重要的指导意义。在这方面,文献[1]已做了大量工作,本文采用了一些不同的方法,做了新的尝试。目的是讨论离心式叶轮内理想气体与实际气体流场分析结果之间的差异…  相似文献   

10.
压缩理想气体和实际气体的离心式叶轮流场分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文对压缩理想气体和实际气体的离心式叶轮作了流场分析。分析使用流线曲率法。实际气体的热力学是基于作者提出的通用状态方程和Schules的多变分析。对一个压缩理想气体的叶轮作了实验测量。分析结果比较表明,压缩理想气体和实际气体时叶轮中速度分布是不同的,且压缩实际气体时,叶轮出口参数不同于压缩理想气体时的计算和实测结果。  相似文献   

11.
也谈理想气体定义——兼对“理想气体的定义”一文质疑   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
童颜 《大学物理》1999,18(11):19-21
主张为物质的理想模型下定义时要注意实验基础,在不同的数学阶段使用不同的理想气体定义,文中分析了从玻意耳-马略特定律导出焦耳定律某些方法的缺陷,指出了合理的证明方法。  相似文献   

12.
We have used the definition of global thermodynamic variables like pressure and volume for atoms trapped in a nonuniform potential to measure the state equation for a sample of cold Na atoms kept trapped in a quadrupole magnetic field. The results show that, for low atomic density, the system behaves like an ideal gas where pressure and volume are inversely proportional. At high density values (compressed system), the deviation from an ideal gas is clear. A model based on virial expansion shows that the measured deviation is larger than the expected first-order correction. Employing the concept of global variables may be an important procedure to describe the thermodynamic of gases in the ultracold regime eventually crossing the values where critical phenomena like Bose condensation, among others, take place.  相似文献   

13.
本文从熵的定义和基本性质入手,首先引入T—S图计算卡诺循环的效率,其次利用dS/dV分析经历p=aVb m过程的理想气体的吸热或放热情况,最后运用上述结果求解了一个特殊热力学循环的效率.  相似文献   

14.
Starting from a specific definition of fractional statistics for hard-core particles, we find a set of intermediate statistics systems, in which a single-particle quantum state can be effectively occupied by an integer number of identical particles — M-ons, as in the case for fermions and bosons. A quantum statistical theory of an ideal M-on gas is formulated exactly, and the associated distribution is explicitly represented in a simple analytical form. A possible application to the fractional quantum Hall effect is also briefly discussed.  相似文献   

15.
应用玻色系统的基本方程,玻色积分的特性以及热力学理论,导得理想玻色气体焦汤系数的解析表达式,详细讨论了低温下玻色气体的定压热容和焦汤系数,阐明了系统的量子本性对焦汤系数的贡献,表明理想玻色气体适用于低温制冷系统。  相似文献   

16.
The Stephani universes that can be interpreted as an ideal gas evolving in local thermal equilibrium are determined. Five classes of thermodynamic schemes are admissible, which give rise to five classes of regular models and three classes of singular models. No Stephani universes exist representing an exact solution to a classical ideal gas (one for which the internal energy is proportional to the temperature). But some Stephani universes may approximate a classical ideal gas at first order in the temperature: all of them are obtained. Finally, some features about the physical behavior of the models are pointed out.This revised version was published online in April 2005. The publishing date was inserted.  相似文献   

17.
We report in situ measurements of density fluctuations in a quasi-one-dimensional 87Rb Bose gas at thermal equilibrium in an elongated harmonic trap. We observe an excess of fluctuations compared to the shot-noise level expected for uncorrelated atoms. At low atomic density, the measured excess is in good agreement with the expected "bunching" for an ideal Bose gas. At high density, the measured fluctuations are strongly reduced compared to the ideal gas case. We attribute this reduction to repulsive interatomic interactions. The data are compared with a calculation for an interacting Bose gas in the quasicondensate regime.  相似文献   

18.
何济洲  毛之远  王建辉 《中国物理》2006,15(9):1953-1959
Based on the state equation of an ideal quantum gas, the regenerative loss of a Stirling engine cycle working with an ideal quantum gas is calculated. Thermal efficiency of the cycle is derived. Furthermore, under the condition of quantum degeneracy, several special thermal efficiencies are discussed. Ratios of thermal efficiencies versus the temperature ratio and volume ratio of the cycle are made. It is found that the thermal efficiency of the cycle not only depends on high and low temperatures but also on maximum and minimum volumes. In a classical gas state the thermal efficiency of the cycle is equal to that of the Carnot cycle. In an ideal quantum gas state the thermal efficiency of the cycle is smaller than that of the Carnot cycle. This will be significant for deeper understanding of the gas Stirling engine cycle.  相似文献   

19.
It is shown that the Boltzmann-Maxwell distribution is not applicable to the generalized notion of ideal gas and corresponds to this ideal gas at low density only. The behavior of an ideal gas and its transition to liquid is studied as a result of a kind of generalization of the problem of ??partitio numerorum??. The reflection of particles of the ideal gas from the walls of the vessel walls is taken into account (as a kind of ??trap?? for the Bose gas). Two constants are additionally introduced, namely, the constant ?? inversely proportional to the mass and the heat g of the phase transition as T ?? 0 (the constant of the Clausius-Clapeyron relation), and also the experimental value of the critical compressibility factor for the given gas and the experimental value of the pressure at the triple point, from which one can find the value of the constant ??.  相似文献   

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