不同浓度FeCl3·6H2O,CuSO4·5H2O和MnCl2·4H2O溶液核磁共振横向弛豫时间研究

利用核磁共振技术,测量了不同浓度的FeCl3.6H2O,CuSO4.5H2O和MnCl2.4H2O水溶液的核磁共振信号及横向弛豫时间.实验结果表明横向弛豫时间T2与顺磁离子浓度成反比关系,并由实验结果获得了通过核磁共振横向弛豫时间测量离子浓度的方法.     

利用地球磁场测量质子的自旋弛豫时间

利用地球磁场核磁共振(EF NMR)的方法测量水中质子自旋弛豫的时间.两种不同的自旋弛豫时间T_1和T_2分别测得为(2.46±0.16)s和(0.83±0.02)s,与《Measurement Science and Technology》2012年(21卷)第10期上Michal CA一文所得到的结果T_1=2.3±0.1 s吻合较好.此外,实验数据也验证了居里定律,并通过对硫酸铜溶液的测量说明了溶液中离子的存在会使自旋弛豫过程加快.此工作提供了一种利用地球磁场测量秒量级的自旋弛豫时间的方法.     

射频场照射下同核体系的弛豫

根据WBR理论和同核体系的特点,构造出了一个相应的三维转动,利用Wigner旋转矩阵的特性并借助于计算机代数语言,计算出了射频场照射下同核体系完整的弛豫方程组.在此基础上,给出了射频场照射下纵向与横向弛豫时间的计算公式,并从理论上研究了射频场的照射对同核体系弛豫的影响.研究结果表明:1)射频场的照射对同核体系的弛豫有一定程度的影响.2)在射频场的照射下,同核体系的纵向弛豫时间T1小于无射频场时的T1,而横向弛豫时间T2大于无射频场时的T2.3)纵向弛豫时间T1随射频场的增强而逐渐减小,横向弛豫时间T2随射频场的增强而逐渐增大. 关键词： 核磁共振 弛豫 射频场 三维转动     

利用核磁共振测定木材吸着水饱和含量

利用核磁共振(NMR)技术研究了室温与-3℃条件下5种树种木材内水分质子的自旋-自旋弛豫时间(T2)特性,室温下各树种木材试样T2弛豫时间特性的不同是由木材微观构造导致的.通过对比冷冻前后各树种试样的信号反演峰面积,确定了其吸着水饱和含量,樟子松38.3%,杉木38.5%,杨木36.0%,白蜡木35.6%,轻木47.6%,均高于通过吸湿外推法估算数值,与溶剂排出法、多孔板法、离心法等实测法获得的吸着水饱和含量的结果相近,核磁共振技术可作为木材内吸着水含量快速测定的实验方法.     

利用时域核磁共振研究脲醛树脂的固化过程

利用时域核磁共振(TD NMR)技术对无固化剂的脲醛树脂在不同温度下固化过程进行了研究,实验结果表明:脲醛树脂在120℃左右时开始固化,在180℃左右时固化反应基本结束.随着温度的升高,自旋-自旋弛豫时间(T2)的总峰面积逐渐减少,当温度高于140℃时,总峰面积减少的程度较大.在30℃~140℃温度范围内,自旋-晶格弛豫时间T1(1)=0.014ms时,随着温度的升高,峰面积先逐渐减少而后略微增加;T1(2)=327.455 ms时,随着温度的升高,峰面积逐渐减少.在30℃~180℃温度范围内,自旋-晶格弛豫时间(T1)分布的总峰面积随着温度的升高而逐渐减少.在固化过程中,随着温度的升高,脲醛树脂体系的质量逐渐减少,说明脲醛树脂胶黏剂体系发生了缩聚交联反应,同时生成了甲醛和水.     

样品弛豫时间对核磁共振信号的影响研究

研究了不同浓度CuSiO4水溶液样品的核磁共振信号的特点,讨论了在特定的磁场扫场周期下,样品横向弛豫时间对共振信号的影响.发现当样品的横向弛豫时间远远大于扫场周期时,微观磁矩的退相是造成核磁共振信号衰减的主要因素,此时在共振点前后都会形成周期性的振荡信号.     

核磁共振实验教学内容的重组与优化

探索研究了一种将连续核磁共振和脉冲核磁共振有机融合的实验教学方法.在实验中,利用多媒体课件展示核磁共振的物理原理,学生分别采用连续和脉冲核磁共振方法测量同样浓度的CuSiO4水溶液的表观弛豫时间和横向弛豫时间,了解样品浓度、磁场非均匀度等因素对横向弛豫时间测量的影响.     

核磁共振弛豫时间测量数据处理方法的讨论

分析和讨论了在超小型核磁共振成像仪测量弛豫时间T1的数据处理方法中存在的问题,并提出了测量方法和数据拟合的改进方案.     

CaSO_4·(1/2)H_2O粉末中结晶水与吸附水1~H的Goldman-Shen实验

本文利用Goldman-Shen脉冲序列测量了CaSO_4·(1/2)H_2O样品中结晶水与吸附水~1H的交叉弛豫时间为55.1ms。在实验中,发现剩余窄线的磁化矢量随时间的衰减有三个过程。本文对此现象作了一些分析讨论。     

核磁共振测量乙醇汽油低含水量的实验探索

为了探索利用核磁共振技术测量乙醇汽油低含水量的方法,测量了不同含水量乙醇汽油的核磁共振横向弛豫时间,发现横向弛豫时间不随含水量的变化而呈现一定规律性的变化,因而尝试加入NH4NO3、NaOH、CuSO4和MnCl2.4H2O来扩大含水量对核磁共振横向弛豫时间的影响。实验结果表明：加入MnCl2.4H2O可使横向弛豫时间随含水量的增加而增加,并拟合出了相应的经验公式。在此基础上提出了乙醇汽油低含水量的核磁共振测量方法,通过测量实例验证了这一方法的有效性和可靠性。     

Studies of ⁶Li-NMR properties in different salt solutions in low magnetic fields

In this article we report the longitudinal relaxation times (T(1)) of various (6)Li salts ((6)LiI, (6)LiCl and (6)LiNO(3)) in D(2)O and H(2)O, measured in low magnetic fields (B(0)=3.5mT). This investigation serves the purpose of clarifying the relaxation behavior of different (6)Li solutions and different concentrations. The measurement were undertaken to establish a framework for future applications of hyperpolarized (6)Li in medical imaging, biological studies and investigations of lithium ion batteries. Time will pass during the transport of hyperpolarized lithium ions to the sample, which leads to a polarization loss. In order to store polarization as long as possible, it is necessary to examine which (6)Li salt solution has the longest relaxation time T(1). Longitudinal relaxation times of (6)Li salts in D(2)O and H(2)O were investigated as a function of concentration and the most extended T(1) was found for (6)LiI in D(2)O and H(2)O. In agreement with the theory the relaxation time T(1) of all (6)Li salts increase with decreasing concentration. In the case of (6)LiI in H(2)O an inverse behavior was observed. We assume that the prolonged T(1) times occur due to formation of (6)LiOH upon the solution of (6)LiI in H(2)O, which settles as a precipitate. By diluting the solution, the precipitate continuously dissolves and approaches T(1) of (6)LiOH (T(1)～28s), leading to a shorter T(1) relaxation time.     

Concentration Dependence of NMR T1 in Agar Solutions

In this study, in order to explain solvent proton relaxation mechanism, the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of agar solutions was measured as a function of agar concentration. Relaxation measurements were carried out by a FT-NMR spectrometer operating at 60 MHz and inversion recovery pulse squence was used. Relaxation rate(1/T1a) was linearly proportional to concentration of agar solution (C), and the T1 mechanism of solvent water protons in agar solutions should be caused by the chemical exchange of water protons between free and bound water.     

Concentration Dependence of NMR T1 in Agar Solutions

In this study, in order to explain solvent proton relaxation mechanism, the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of agar solutions was measured as a function of agar concentration. Relaxation measurements were carried out by a FT-NMR spectrometer operating at 60 MHz and inversion recovery pulse squence was used. Relaxation rate(1/T1a) was linearly proportional to concentration of agar solution (C), and the T1 mechanism of solvent water protons in agar solutions should be caused by the chemical exchange of water protons between free and bound water.     

Ingested manganese chloride as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging

Solutions of manganese chloride were force-fed to Sprague-Dawley rats. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on (a) syringes containing different concentrations of manganese chloride, (b) rats after force feeding and (c) livers excised after sacrifice of the force-fed rats. Imaging was done with a 0.15-T resistive magnet. Multiple pulse sequences were used and T1 values were calculated. The signal intensity and T1 value obtained from a solution depended on the manganese concentration and the pulse sequence employed. At higher concentrations, no signal was produced due to extreme T2 shortening. Absorbed manganese affected the signal intensities and T1 values of the rats' livers. By appropriate selection of manganese concentration and pulse sequence, ingested manganese can serve as a combined gastrointestinal and hepatic MR contrast agent.     

不同溶剂中番茄红素的荧光光谱及其特性研究

用970CRT荧光光度计测定了番茄红素在正己烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃、氯仿、丙酮和苯等6种溶剂中的荧光光谱以及番茄红素在四氢呋喃溶液中不同浓度下的荧光光谱。对所测光谱分析得出:6种溶剂中荧光光谱的最大峰值波长(λmax)分别为542.5 nm5、48.2 nm5、55.0 nm、555.7 nm、556.4 nm和565.7 nm,由于溶剂效应,随溶剂极性由小到大,荧光光谱的最大峰值波长(λmax)逐渐红移,由这些峰值波长计算得出相应的番茄红素分子在6种溶剂中的跃迁能ET分别为220.5 kJ/mol2、18.2 kJ/mol2、15.6 kJ/mol2、15.3 kJ/mol2、14.9 kJ/mol和211.5 kJ/mol,可见跃迁能ET也随溶剂极性增大而降低;当番茄红素在四氢呋喃溶液中的质量浓度低于50μg/ml时,溶液的荧光强度随溶液浓度增加而增大,当质量浓度高于50μg/ml时,由于番茄红素的激发态分子与基态分子相互作用,荧光强度反而减小;在浓度低于80μg/ml的溶液中,番茄红素的荧光光谱除最大峰值外还有三个较小峰值,据此计算得出相应的番茄红素分子的跃迁能分别为E(T1)=278.2 kJ/mol、E(T2)=260.2 kJ/mol和E(T3)=239.3 kJ/mol。     

Correlation of the R1 and R2 values of gadolinium-based MRI contrast media with the ΔHounsfield unit of CT contrast media of identical concentration

The optimal volume of contrast medium must be injected into the patient who emits the maximum signal intensity in an ROI. This study was investigated four different type MRI and one CT contrast agent in vitro and sought to establish relations between concentration, MRI relaxivity, CT Hounsfield unites selected kVp and different MRI T1 sequences. Using a CT contrast medium and four different MRI T1 contrast media, we developed five different phantom series. The MRI contrast media phantom was imaged on 1.5T and 3T MRI systems and measured the R1 and R2 value. A CT scanner was used to obtain images of the Iopromide 370 phantom with the quality of radiation to obtain images. The Pearson's correlation coefficient analyses were conducted between MRI CM phantom series with Iopromide 370 phantom. The non-parametric statistical analyses were performed for the values of kVp. The ΔHU of the test solution of the CT contrast media was produced in the same amount as the exponentially increased concentration of the MRI contrast media according to the increase in the dilution concentration, and was influenced by the quality of the X-ray. Through the results of this experiment that considered the two aforementioned factors, an image with a high diagnosis value can be acquired from the information on the concentration of the MRI T1 contrast media.     

High resolution NMR imaging: Gd-DTPA labeled enzyme as a probe for permeability studies in polyacrylamide gels.

The penetration of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLAD) molecules into polyacrylamide gel beads, which are used to immobilize the enzyme, was studied. HLAD was labeled with gadolinium diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), using the N-hydroxy-succinimide active ester of DTPA as a chelating agent. The HLAD-(Gd-DTPA)27 has a 3.7-fold larger longitudinal (R1) and a 14-fold larger transversal relaxivity (R2) (at 2.4 T) than the plain Gd-DTPA. A series of dry polyacrylamide gel beads, with total monomer concentration ranging from 5% to 30% were synthesized and swollen in a buffered solution of HLAD-(Gd-DTPA)27. The gel beads were examined with high resolution NMR imaging. The T1- and T2-weighted images revealed that the permeability for the labeled HLAD decreased with increasing total monomer concentration of the gel beads. These imaging results correlate fairly well with the enzymatic reactivities measured for the same range of gel beads but swollen in a solution of non labeled HLAD and NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). It is concluded that Gd-labeling can be used to monitor the distribution of weakly concentrated, water soluble products in a solid matrix.     

正十二烷基硫酸钠在聚丙烯酰胺溶液中聚集的1H NMR研究

利用核磁共振自旋-晶格弛豫时间（T₁）、自旋-自旋弛豫时间（T₂）、自扩散系数（D）以及二维核Overhause增强谱（2D NOESY）技术研究了表面活性剂正十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）在聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）浓度固定为10 g/L水溶液中的聚集. 结合与SDS水溶液体系核磁共振实验数据比较，得到了如下信息：（1） 当溶液中有PAM存在时，SDS分子的运动性下降，临界聚集浓度提前；（2） 随着SDS浓度的增加，PAM分子的自扩散性能下降，同时分子链的柔软性也下降了；（3） 2D NOESY谱结果表明，PAM与SDS分子间未发生直接的缔合作用.     

Effects of the operating magnetic field on potential NMR contrast agents

Paramagnetic metal ions have shown promise as contrast agents for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. Their ability depends upon modification of the relaxation times (T1 and T2) through dipolar interactions. These interactions cause the effectiveness of the agents to be sensitive to the operating magnetic field. Studies are presented of the operating field dependence (frequency dispersion) of two metal-chelate complexes, Gd+3-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and Mn+2-EDTA, in a physiologically balanced electrolyte solution. Inversion recovery experiments were performed on two concentrations of each metal-chelate complex at five resonant frequencies. The frequency dispersion curves were similar in appearance for those of the corresponding aqueous solutions. The Mn+2 complex showed no unusual concentration effects. The Gd+3 complex showed an unexpected concentration dependence in the dispersion behavior. This is attributed to a difference in the dipolar correlation time between the two solutions. With its unique correlation time in electrolyte solutions, predictions of relaxation rate changes in studies in vivo may be easier for the Mn+2-EDTA complex.     

Iron in typical and atypical parkinsonism – Mössbauer spectroscopy and MRI studies

Iron may play important role in neurodegeneration. The results of comparative studies of human brain areas (control and pathological) performed by Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are presented. Mössbauer spectroscopy demonstrated a higher concentration of iron in atypical parkinsonism (progressive supranuclear palsy PSP) in the brain areas Substantia Nigra (SN) and Globus Pallidus (GP) involved in this pathological process, compared to control, while the concentration of iron in pathological tissues in typical parkinsonism (Parkinson’s disease - PD) did not differ from that in control. These results were compared with the changes in 1/T1 and 1/T2 (T1 and T2 being the relaxation times determined by MRI). A good linear correlation curve was found between the concentration of iron as determined by MS in different areas of control human brains and between 1/T1 and 1/T2. Whereas the finding in PSP-GP (the brain area involved in PSP) also fitted to such a correlation, this was not so for the correlation between pathological SN – the brain area involved in both diseases – and 1/T2, indicating a dependence of T2 on other factors than just the concentration of iron.