BESⅢ主漂移室基于模式匹配的径迹重建

BESⅢ主漂移室径迹重建算法MdcPatRec, 是采用面向对象技术用C++开发的软件. 该算法使用模式匹配的方式寻找径迹段, 连接径迹段为径迹并进行最小二乘拟合. 使用模拟数据对算法进行了检验, 结果表明该径迹重建算法能够提供高的重建效率和好的动量分辨, 各项指标均达到设计要求. 同时具有好的抗噪声能力, 可以满足BESⅢ的使用要求.     

北京谱仪Ⅱ主漂移室和顶点探测器的径迹联合重建

首次实现了将北京谱仪–Ⅱ(BESⅡ)的两种探测器(主漂移室和顶点探测器)中的带电径迹联合起来一起重建,并给出了相应的离线刻度方法.经过真实数据和蒙特卡罗样本的检查,联合重建后BESⅡ带电粒子的动量分辨提高了20%以上,结果证明本文采用的联合重建和离线刻度方法是有效的.     

应用Kalman filter建立时间投影室的径迹重建算法

建立直线径迹模型,详细验证将其用于Kalman filter小型时间投影室径迹重建算法的正确性.结果表明径迹参数在一定的击中点下能够收敛到真实值.实际的径迹重建程序在MarlinTPC框架下实现.通过合理地选择径迹重建参数,程序能够有效地对噪声进行甄别并重建出径迹.本算法对大型时间投影室的径迹重建有借鉴意义.     

用于北京谱仪Ⅱ主漂移室径迹重建的一种新方法

介绍了一种新的主漂移室径迹重建软件DCJULIE,阐述了在径迹重建中模式识别方法的原理和技巧. 经过蒙特卡罗和真实数据的运行和检查,证明了软件的可靠性.     

北京谱仪主漂移室的径迹重建

本文阐述了北京谱仪主漂移室的径迹寻找和径迹拟合程序的原理及使用情况.从五百万北京谱仪J/ψ事例以及相应的J/ψ衰变道的蒙特卡罗数据分析结果,证明了程序的可靠性.     

用于漂移室中宇宙线径迹重建的Cellmap的研究

以L3宇宙线实验的径迹重建为例，讨论了一个在磁谱仪漂移室中对大斜率宇宙线径迹着火点进行重建的Cellmap，并与L3宇宙线实验中已采用的Cellmap进行了比较. 对大斜率径迹，用新的Cellmap可以重建出更多的着火点，并且径迹重建χ2量的分布有所改善.     

BESⅢ漂移室全长模型的建造及基于全长模型的BESⅢ漂移室电子学的测试

建造了BESⅢ漂移室全长模型. 在气体密封, 高压供给及前端电子学安装方面为BESⅢ漂移室的成功建造积累了经验. 另外, 在全长模型上对BESⅢ漂移室电子学进行了测试, 包括噪声, 漂移时间测量, 电荷测量, 以及电子学增益等方面. 测试的最终结果显示了BESⅢ漂移室电子学具有很好的性能, 能够满足它们的设计要求.     

北京谱仪Ⅱ顶点探测器的径迹重建

描述了采用模式识别方法的北京谱仪Ⅱ顶点探测器径迹重建软件系统─—VCJULI.经过蒙特卡罗和真实数据的运行检查,证明该程序能对顶点探测器的径迹给出较好的空间分辨和径迹寻找效率.     

BES实验数据离线刻度

概述了北京谱仪(BES)各子探测器的实验离线数据刻度,包括主漂移室、飞行时间计数器、簇射计数器和μ子鉴别器.给出了BES1994年D_s运行期间的探测器运行性能,以及数据质量情况.     

北京谱仪中性径迹测量误差的确定

首先检查了北京谱仪(BES)桶部簇射计数器(BSC)对γ光子电磁簇射形成的中性径迹的沉积能量和空间位置的测量值;然后,利用辐射Bhabha事例修正了BSC的沉积能量及其误差δE;利用e⁺e^－→γγ(γ)过程确定了BSC测量中性径迹的空间位置的误差,这些研究结果可以减小用运动学拟合方法分析包含中性径迹的物理事例的系统误差,提高BES的测量精度.     

Investigation of latent and short etched heavy ion tracks in solids

In the past five years were carried out SANS (Small-Angle Neutron Scattering measurements in the JINR to investigate latent and short etched tracks in SSNTD. The results demonstrate the suitability of the method to study not etched and short etched tracks to analyse the etching process, e.g. for nuclear track filter production. The results are in good agreement with other methods as conductivity measurements.     

Annealing of 54 132 Xe-ion tracks in Lexan and Makrofol plastic track detectors

Samples of Lexan and Makrofol-E polycarbonate plastic track detectors were exposed to 1·1 MeV/N ₅₄ ¹³² Xe-ions to investigate the thermal track fading properties of these plastics. The experimental results show that there is no effect of annealing on the bulk etch rate while the track etch rate decreases with annealing. The track diameter decreases with increase in annealing time and temperature. It is also observed that the track density is reduced as a result of annealing. The experiments reveal that the track lengths are, in general, decreased by the application of heat and that the oblique tracks are less stable than the vertical tracks. The decrease in diameter of ₅₄ ¹³² Xe-ion tracks in Makrofol-E due to heat treatment is faster than that of ₅₄ ¹³² Xe-ion tracks in Lexan.     

Nuclear tracks: present and future perspectives

Current research work related to the development of nuclear tracks comprising: (i) fundamental principles (nuclear track physics and chemistry, as well as development of track detectors and the relevant hard- and software), (ii) development of nuclear instruments and methods (etch track radiometers for ions, neutrons and cosmic rays, radon monitoring devices, radiography and fission track dating) is briefly outlined. The paper concentrates on a literature survey of applications of nuclear tracks in (iii) physical sciences (high-energy physics, nuclear physics and earth sciences), (iv) biomedical sciences (radiation protection, environment, cancer therapy), and (v) technological sciences (materials, nano-technology and nuclear technology).

Presently about 350 papers per year are being published in this field. Increased activity is noted in ion track technology (track-made membranes, modern nano-tech methodology including biological and biological-like samples, nano-electrode bio-electrochemistry, bio-magnetic assays and probes). New applications of nuclear tracks in fundamental (possibility of the detection of neutron quantum states in a gravitational field, nucleus–nucleus interactions, search for new chemical super-heavy elements) and applied science (precise measurements of the behaviour of radiation in human tissue in connection with of long term space missions and treatment of cancer) are surveyed, and possible research in the next decades is presented and examined in this review paper.     

Heavy-ion particle spectrometry by track pattern in muscovite detectors

Muscovite mica detectors were irradiated with the ions: ¹⁹F of 47.5 MeV, ²⁴Mg of 57 MeV, ²⁸Si of 28 and 74 MeV, ³²S of 32 and 74 MeV, ⁶³Cu of 78.75 MeV and with neutron induced uranium fission fragments. Using optical microscopy, after an appropriate chemical etching, two characteristic etched track structure patterns were observed: a rhombic pyramid terrace structure for the Mg, Si and S ions, and a rhombic prism structure for the Cu ions and fission fragments. The use of these etched track patterns to discriminate two groups of ions between them, for the energy range covered in this work, is proposed.     

On the question of nuclear track formation in plastic material

A review is given about nuclear track formation in plastic track detectors. The radiation damage of heavy ions around the latent tracks is studied using measurements of radial track etch rates in Å-dimensions.     

Annealing of heavy ion tracks in cellulose nitrate plastic track detectors

The effect of heat treatment on the latent tracks in cellulose nitrate plastic track detectors has been studied. The bulk etch rate increases with annealing temperature while the track diameters of different ions in cellulose nitrate decrease with increase in annealing time and temperature. Experimental results show that for heavier ions higher temperatures are needed for their complete erasure. The track length and track etch rate are decreased by the application of heat. Experiments reveal that annealing reduces track density. The vertical tracks are more stable than the oblique tracks and require higher temperature for their complete erasure.     

Depth sensitivity of lexan polycarbonate detector

The dependence of the registration sensitivity of Lexan polycarbonate with depth inside the detector was studied. Samples of Lexan from General Electric were irradiated to two long range ions. These were Ni and Au ions with a projectile energy of 0.3 and 1 GeV/n. Two independent techniques, the track-diameter technique (TDT) and the track profile technique (TPT), were used. The registration sensitivity was measured at depths of 7, 10, 15, 18, 20, 28, 35 and 40 μm inside the detector. The results of the two techniques show that the detector sensitivity decreases gradually with the depth inside the detector. It reaches 20% less compared to sensitivity at the surface after 40 μm have been removed.     

北京谱仪Ⅱ顶点探测器的径迹重建

描述了采用模式识别方法的北京谱仪Ⅱ顶点探测器径迹重建软件系统─—VCJULI．经过蒙特卡罗和真实数据的运行检查，证明该程序能对顶点探测器的径迹给出较好的空间分辨和径迹寻找效率。     

Simulation of the track growth and determining the track parameters

We have found the equation of the etch pit wall in solid state nuclear track detectors, as follows:

where: x is the distance along a track from the point where the particle entered the detector; V(x) is the ratio of the track etch rate to the bulk etch rate; C is the integration constant that can be determined from particle penetration depth, and y is the normal distance from the particle trajectory to the etch pit wall. The equation is derived assuming the increasing track etch rate V_t along the particle trajectory.

The above equation can be used for the simulation of the track growth and calculating the major and the minor axis of the etch pit opening. The corresponding computer program was set up. The input parameters of this program are: alpha particle energy, incidence angle and removed layer: the output are track parameters. The results obtained by this method are compared with another approach given by Somogyi and Szalay (1973) and reasonably good agreement is found.