铜的高压声速和冲击熔化

 用光分析技术，测量了在一维应变冲击条件下，无氧铜的高压下声速，压力范围为125~170 GPa。将上述结果与Broberg、Morris等和Aльгшуер等过去发表的数据结合在一起，对0~170 GPa整个压力区间的声速数据做了综合分析，给出了声速随压力的变化规律。实验结果发现，无氧铜在156~159 GPa之间开始发生冲击熔化，到170 GPa左右，完全进入液相区；对于处于0~156 GPa固体无氧铜的弹性声速c_l可用ln c_l=1.565 888-2.645 488×10^-2ln p+2.710 681×10^-2ln²p拟合公式描述（p的单位为GPa，c_l的单位为km/s），拟合值与实验值的相对误差小于1.3%。     

凝聚炸药中超压爆轰的实验研究

 采用飞片碰撞技术，在TNT/RDX（40/60）炸药中获得了2.5倍于正常爆轰的最大超压值，得到了超压爆轰下爆轰产物物态方程p=Aρ^{k+A₁(p-p_J)}（p－爆压，单位GPa，ρ－密度，单位kg/m³，A=ρ_J/ρ^k_J，p_J=27.06 GPa，ρ_J=2.3×10³ kg/m³，k=2.77，A₁=2.7×10^-3 GPa^-1，下表J代表正常爆轰状态）。该方程还可以较好地描述超压爆轰产物的二次冲击状态。     

碱卤晶体热导率与压强的关系

 本文指出，关于碱卤晶体热导率λ与压强p之间关系的经验方程：λ=A+Bp或λ=A+Bp+Cp²，可以由Bridgman参量的定义g=-(d lnλ/dlnV)_T和Tait方程ΔV/V₀=ln(1+βp)/α导出。     

对A=3的Λ超核的讨论

本文利用我们以前所得到的A-N交换势,计算了_A³He和_A³H基态结合能之差,此外还计算了_A³H的两个低激发态的激发能。我们的计算结果与实验相比较还是合理的。     

产生超对称态的几种可能途径

在以前工作的基础上,计算了飞行 K^-奇异交换反应⁹Be（K^-,π^-）_A⁹Be 和¹³C（K^-,π^-）_A¹³C 的角分布.在平面波冲量近似下,计算了协同产生反应到达超核 _A⁹Be、_A¹³C 的奇异相似态和超对称态的微分截面的相对比,并且估算了这些微分截面绝对值.根据这些计算,讨论了通过奇异交换反应和协同产生反应产生超对称态的可能性.     

d-玻色子体系波函数的SU2⊙SU2基、物理基与无迹玻色子算符(Ⅱ)

为了完满地解决求现有几类物理基矢在SU₂⊙SU₂表象的表示问题, 文中从第一类|PPO₃>基矢的无迹玻色子算符形式出发, 直接求出内积A_εx|PP⊙LL>的明显表达式. 同时用这种基矢的迭加表示出第二类基矢A_εx|PP(x)LL>的相应的迭加表示出A_εx|PP(y)LL}. 在结语部分还把本文的方法与前文(Ⅰ)的方法作了简单的对比.     

Zn0.83Mn0.17Se和ZnSe/Zn0.84Mn0.16Se超晶格材料中Mn2+的压力光谱研究

 采用压力光谱技术在低温下观测到了Mn²⁺离子的⁴T₁→⁶A₁跃迁,该谱线在Zn_0.83Mn_0.17Se和ZnSe/Zn_0.84Mn_0.16Se超晶格样品中有不同的压力行为,体材料中其压力系数为-42.4 peV/Pa,超晶格中为-29.5 peV/Pa。用晶体场理论计算得到体材料Zn_0.83Mn_0.17Se中Mn²⁺离子⁴T₁→⁶A₁谱线的压力系数为-38.3 peV/Pa,与实验结果基本一致。结合材料中发光峰积分强度随压力的变化关系进行分析,证实Mn²⁺离子的发光性质主要与其近邻的晶体场环境有关。     

非金属晶体导热系数与压力和温度相关性

 讨论了非金属晶体的导热系数k与压力p和温度T的相互关系。从理论上导出了低压和低温下的两个实验拟合关系式，即K_T=A+Bp和k_p＝A₁+B₁/T，其中A、B、A₁、B₁为拟合常数。计算结果与实验结果符合得非常好。此外，还讨论了k在高压、高温及冲击压缩下的响应。     

几种材料的等效粘性系数、初始可动位错密度和拖曳应力

 基于LY12铝、MB₂镁、铅、2^#铁和不锈钢等几种材料的弹性前驱波幅度随传播距离衰减的实验结果，应用含位错参量的速率相关本构方程，按照Gilman提议的位错运动速度的热激活模型，得出了LY12铝、MB₂镁、铅的可动位错密度N₀和拖曳应力τ₀的下限值分别为10⁶ cm^-2和0.1 GPa量级，不锈钢的N₀和τ₀为10⁸ cm^-2和1.5 GPa量级。根据弹性前驱波幅度衰减曲线，还得出了2^#铁、不锈钢的有效粘性系数μ的上限值为10⁴ Pa·s量级。LY12铝、MB₂ 镁的有效粘性系数μ的上限值为10³ Pa·s量级。     

甲醇作为压标的拉曼研究

 利用立方氧化锆压腔研究了甲醇在温度301 K、压力169.2~713.8 MPa下C—H伸缩振动ν_{2 835}的拉曼特征，实验结果表明：在试验的压力范围内甲醇稳定，其拉曼位移和压力具有很好的线性关系。加上常压下的数据，拟合后得出压力与甲醇2 835 cm^-1拉曼线频率位移的关系为：p= -3.508 9[(Δν_p)_{2 835}]²+135.17 (Δν_p)_{2 835}+54.397(0.1~713.8 MPa)。因此在实验的压力范围内甲醇作为压标非常合适。     

1,1,1,2,3,3,3- 七氟丙烷的气相声速

析了气相声速与理想气体比定压热容的热力学关系,用超声变程干涉仪测定了1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷(HFC-227ea)的72组气相声速值,温度范围273-333 K,压力范围26-315 kPa,测量不确定度小于0.05%。根据这些实验数据,确定了HFC-227ea的理想气体比定压热容和声速第二维里系数,并分别拟合得到了与温度的函数,理想气体比定压热容的不确定度小于0.5%。使用方阱势能模型导出了HFC-227ea的第二维里系数,并与文献值进行了比较。     

An examination of the parameters that govern the acoustic behavior of sea bed sediments containing gas bubbles.

The acoustic properties of sea bed sediments containing occluded gas are dominated by the volume of gas contained in bubbles, the size of bubbles, and the elastic properties of the soil matrix. This study evaluated current theory developed by Anderson and Hampton to determine the sound speed and resonance frequency of gassy soils, and the models they used to determine the elastic properties of the soils. It compared calculated sound speeds, based on material properties simulated by the models, with measured sound speeds on "large bubble" laboratory soils produced in a similar manner to natural sea bed gassy soils. There was some evidence that the Anderson and Hampton equations accurately predicted sound speed at lower frequencies of bubbles resonance and below, but results were sensitive to inappropriate values for the elastic and damping properties of the soil. The bounds of sound speed based on the elastic properties of models that simulate "compressible fluid" or "suspension" behavior were grossly misleading when applied to large bubble soils. Conversely, sound speed based on models that correctly simulate the "bulk" or "matrix" properties of large bubble soils, at strain magnitudes and strain rates equivalent to acoustic signals, agreed well with measured data.     

垂直载荷下湿玻璃珠样品的声速和衰减测量及非线性声学响应

为了分析垂直载荷下颗粒物质的声速、声衰减系数、谐波非线性等特性,本工作采用飞行时间法测量了不同含水量下声速随压强的变化规律,并利用傅里叶变换法分析了干、湿玻璃珠样品的声衰减和非线性声学特性。结果表明:干、湿玻璃珠样品中的声速、声衰减系数以及谐波非线性均随压强呈幂律变化;湿颗粒样品中随着液体含量增多,声速逐渐增加,超声波透过湿颗粒样品时的能量耗散和非线性逐渐减小。分析原因表明,压强和孔隙流体改变了颗粒之间的接触分布,使得颗粒体系的声速、声衰减以及谐波非线性等特性都随之发生变化。     

Speed of sound in the gaseous refrigerant R-409A

Speed of sound in the gaseous refrigerant R-409A has been measured by ultrasonic interferometer in the temperature range from 293 to 373 K and at pressures from 0.05 to 0.58 MPa. The experimental uncertainties of the temperature, pressure, and speed of sound measurements were estimated to be within 20 mK, 4 kPa, and 0.1–0.2 %, respectively. On the basis of the obtained data, the isobaric molar heat capacity was calculated for the ideal-gas state. A comparison of the obtained results with the calculated speed of sound on the basis of REFPROP program was carried out.     

利用自发布里渊散射测量液体声速

为了克服共振干涉法在液体的热力学声速和高频声速测量方面精度不高的问题, 本文建立了一种基于自发布里渊散射原理的测定液体声速的实验装置. 利用法布里-珀罗干涉仪对散射光进行扫描滤波, 数据采集卡结合光子计数器对散射光进行探测, 设计了一种散射光信息采集分析方法. 该实验方法有效的解决了传统布里渊散射方法中信号失真的问题, 显著地提升了液体声速测量精度. 对308.6–906.2 MHz内298.15 K饱和液相CCl₄声速进行了测量, 测量结果与文献值具有较好一致性. 利用法布里-珀罗干涉仪周期性扫描的滤波原理, 通过在测量得到的布里渊频移上加减整数倍个自由波谱区, 得到了更大频率的波谱信息, 进而设计一种测定介质高频声速的方法. 对CCl₄在5406.1–5521.0 MHz频段内的声速进行了测量. 实验结果显示, CCl₄的热力学声速随频率无明显变化, 而高频声速随频率的增大呈增大趋势且远大于热力学声速, 证实CCl₄具有色散现象.     

AN ACOUSTIC TRANSFORMER COMPOSED OF HORNS AND ITS APPLICATION

A new acoustic transformer was developed by connecting three horns to improve radiation performance in the frequency region below 500 Hz. The proposed acoustic transformer was evaluated by numerical analysis using the commercial computer program SYSNOISE and by experiment. The acoustic transformer is composed of three horns, one of which was used in an inverted form. A design model was developed by use of Webster's horn equation and showed that the transformer can improve radiation efficiency. This was confirmed by numerical calculation using SYSNOISE. An acoustic projector was designed by use of the developed transformer and a piezoelectric unimorph-type actuator. The sound pressure measured at the mouth of the constructed acoustic projector was compared with the sound pressures evaluated at the same location by numerical calculation to investigate the differences between the numerical simulation model and the actual acoustic projector. Sound pressures generated by several acoustic radiators were calculated numerically and compared with the measured and calculated sound pressures of the developed acoustic projector to evaluate the effects of use of the proposed acoustic transformer. The comparative evaluation shows that the proposed acoustic transformer can provide up to a 10 dB gain over use of a horn in the narrow band low-frequency region from 100 to 200 Hz.     

铝在校正高压下物质弹性波速测量上的应用

 自从在紧装式六面顶高压装置上建立了高温超高压下弹性波速的测量方法之后，已经获得了大量的有关岩石矿物的波速数据，利用这些波速数据解决了许多地质问题。然而，其高压弹性波速数据的精度没有解决，一直无法校正上、下顶砧的真正走时。根据弹性理论和标准物质铝的有关弹性参数，计算出铝的波速与压力的关系，然后，根据铝的波速与压力的关系推导出上、下顶砧的实际走时，校正后测量的较低压力下铁的波速与前人的资料吻合很好，并且铁的波速与压力也具有较好的非线性关系。因而，今后可以根据标准物质铝和铁来校正上、下顶砧的走时，从而获得物质在高压下更加精确的波速数据。     

Excitation of low-frequency acoustical signals by a vertical array of interacting emitters in oceanic waveguides

We present the results of experiments on the excitation of joint oscillations in a system of electromagnetic emitters submerged in a fluid having the shape of rigid cylinders with ring elastic membranes in the end faces. A mathematical model of the antenna formed by the given set of sound emitters is constructed. Interaction of emitters is considered through the additive pressures exerted on each of the membranes by sound waves excited by neighboring emitters. Variations in pressures of gases filling the cylinders and their influence on oscillations of membranes are also considered. We put forth a system of the integro-differential equations in partial derivatives with decelerations over time describing the forced joint oscillations of emitters. In the harmonic case, solutions to the system are obtained. Numerical calculations are compared with experimental data to verify the model and improve its parameters.     

适用于整个区域的HFC-227ea状态方程

基于现有的pvT和导出性质实验数据,拟合了一个HFC-227ea的35项专用状态方程。本方程适用于HFC-227ea压力从零至65MPa,密度从零至1730 kg.m_-3,温度从204至423 K整个流体区域的热力学性质计算。通过与实验结果比较,检验了对HFC-227ea各种热力学性质的计算精度,包括pvT性质、比定压热容、声速、焦汤系数、饱和蒸气压等,结果表明本方程具有很高的精度。