电热法液体汽化热实验仪的研制

对电热法液体汽化热实验进行了研究,设计了新的实验装置.将盛液体的容器置于保温杯中,保温杯放置在电子天平上,液体由电加热器加热,液体蒸气由出气口排出,排出的液体蒸气的质量可由电子天平实时测量.装置改进后,测量更简单方便,结果更准确.     

基于Matlab和VR场景的液体粘滞系数演示实验的制作与仿真

针对在＂落球法测量液体粘滞系数＂的实验中,小球在液体中开始匀速运动的时间和位置很难判定,我们使用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件的虚拟现实（VR）工具箱制作了＂落球法测量液体粘滞系数＂的演示实验,对蓖麻油中小球的运动规律进行了动态的仿真,并将仿真结果与真实的实验结果进行了比较和分析,这将有助于提高学生对实验结论的认识和理解。     

液体比热容测量散热修正新方法研究

针对目前实验测量液体比热容时存在的操作步骤复杂、计算工作量大、结果不精确等一些问题,介绍了一种利用实验曲线积分对液体比热容进行计算及散热修正的新方法.采用此方法,可以在测量描绘升温曲线的基础上精确地对测量液体的比热容进行散热修正与计算.实验结果表明,此方法不但省去传统方法中自然降温的过程,简化实验步骤,而且提高计算结果...     

落球法测量液体黏度的实验研究

通过对实验数据进行分析,给出了在实验室条件下斯托克斯公式的修正系数,并将液体黏度的计算结果与公认值进行比较发现,与文献给出的修正公式计算结果相比,本文给出的计算结果误差小.在相同条件下还利用其他液体进行了验证实验,得到了一致的结论.     

液体折射率的一种新型测量方法

利用液体薄膜的遮光效应原理,建立了一种新的测量液体折射率的方法和装置。选择了3种常见液体:蒸馏水 、无水乙醇 和1,2-丙二醇。利用新建的装置对其折射率进行了测量。实际测量过程中,对实验形成的图样进行了2种测量分析:一种是利用读数显微镜直接测量分析实验结果;一种是利用CCD拍摄记录实验结果,并利用计算机对拍摄结果进行了智能化处理分析。分析了实验误差,实现了实时、全自动化测量。测量结果均与理论值吻合。该方法操作简便、设备简单、重复性好、准确度高。     

Einstein制冷循环气泡泵的性能研究

基于Einstein制冷循环设计了气泡泵实验装置,以氨水为工质,对给定工况下气泡泵的性能进行研究。对沉浸比和加热功率对气泡泵的提升性能的影响进行分析,并将实验值与理论模型进行比较。结果表明:气泡泵的液体输送特性与气泡泵提升管管径、沉浸比、加热功率有关;气泡泵的液体流量随着加热功率增大、沉浸比的增大而增大,提升管内径对液体流量的影响不明显。实验结果与理论模型分析结果相一致。     

液滴撞击孔口附近壁面运动过程的模拟研究

采用光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法模拟了液滴撞击带孔壁面的问题, 提出了随计算区域变化的链表搜索法. 结合实验进一步研究了不同物理条件下黏性、重力和内部压应力波动对铺展过程中液滴在 孔口运动情况的影响, 详细分析了有限时间段内孔口断面处的压强变化. 结果表明: 液滴撞击表面后快速向两端铺展, 到达孔口上方时形成射流, 在极短暂时间内重力对射流的影响很小, 但是黏性会引起射流向孔内弯曲. 在内部压应力和惯性作用下射流下部产生有规律的波动, 使得孔口上方流体反复的膨胀和吸收将附近应力较高区域流体吸入孔内发生孔吸现象. 内部压应力是导致液滴被吸入孔内并撞击另一侧孔壁形成飞溅现象的主要原因, 模拟效果和实验结果符合良好. 关键词： 液滴 带孔壁面 光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH) 链表搜索法     

小型冷库液体冷媒融霜系统的研究

研究了液体冷媒融霜系统应用于小型冷库制冷系统的性能;介绍了液体冷媒融霜原理和控制操作过程、液体冷媒融霜实验的装置和方法;对实验结果进行了分析;重点通过库温变化、蒸发器进出口温度压力变化、过冷度对系统的影响、系统COP几个方面,研究了液体冷媒融霜应用于小型冷库制冷系统的性能。     

基于Matlab GUI落球法测液体黏度的虚拟仿真设计

针对传统落球法测液体黏度实验的局限性,基于MATLAB GUI设计了虚拟仿真实验.该虚拟仿真实验直观给出小球在液体中的运动规律,提供了液体温度对黏度的影响、无限广延条件的实现、不同直径小球匀速下落的起点以及生活常见液体的黏度等实验探究模块.另外,该虚拟仿真实验还结合实体实验设计了实验预习、实验探究和实验考核等学习模块.在不同的实验模块均设置了可调节的参数,允许操作者根据需要进行相关规律的探究,并且该虚拟仿真实验能够自动分析实验结果、可视化生成实验变量关系图.     

模拟法描绘静电场实验中导电液体的选择与研究

通过对氯化钠(蒸馏水+氯化钠)导电液体的使用和对实验数据的计算分析,发现选用浓度或电导率不同的导电液体,对实验结果有着明显的影响.文章为实验选用氯化钠导电液体提供了相对客观的参考标准,对减少导电液体(如自来水)的各种偶然因素对实验造成的诸多不确定影响有一定实用价值.     

Dripping to jetting transitions in coflowing liquid streams

A liquid forced through an orifice into an immiscible fluid ultimately breaks into drops due to surface tension. Drop formation can occur right at the orifice in a dripping process. Alternatively, the inner fluid can form a jet, which breaks into drops further downstream. The transition from dripping to jetting is not understood for coflowing fluid streams, unlike the case of drop formation in air. We show that in a coflowing stream this transition can be characterized by a state diagram that depends on the capillary number of the outer fluid and the Weber number of the inner fluid.     

小孔流速实验中的排水时间和流量系数的研究

本文以水作为理想流体,考虑到水头损失和孔口缩流效应,对小孔流速实验涉及的容器排水问题进行了系统的理论和实验研究.从理论上推导得出了圆柱形容器排水时间的解析解,分析了排水时间和自由液面速度、流量系数之间的规律,提出了排水时间的等效性.实验上,加工了底部开有不同小孔的大型圆柱形容器,测量了容器排水时间随液面高度的变化关系,借助实验结果计算了流量系数值,验证了容器排水时间的等效性关系,实验结果与理论计算符合较好.     

雾化喷射下的波动液膜的电测量

冷却壁面上液膜的特性行为与厚度直接关系到雾化喷射冷却的深入研究。本文报道了在雾化喷射下水平壁面液膜厚度的测量。借助示波器,通过液膜直流信号配以几何尺寸的精确测量,实验研究了给定喷管雾化喷射下液膜波动行为和厚度随压力和喷头高度的变化。结合对流传热系数测量,分析了液膜厚度与雾化喷射冷却条件及效果的关系。     

Generation of microbubbles from hollow cylindrical ultrasonic horn

In this study, we found that microbubbles with diameters of less than 100 μm can be easily generated by using a hollow cylindrical ultrasonic horn. Consecutive images of bubbles obtained by using high-speed and high-resolution cameras reveal that a capillary wave is formed on the gas–liquid interface under weak ultrasonic irradiation and that the wave head is detached in the form of bubbles by the fragmentation of the interface as the power of ultrasonic irradiation increases. Moreover, consecutive images of the bubble interface obtained by an ultra-high-speed camera indicate that the breakup of bubbles oscillating harmonically with the ultrasonic irradiation generates many microbubbles that are less than 100 μm in diameter. With regard to the orifice diameter of the horn end, we found that its optimum value varies with the ultrasonic power input. When the orifice diameter is small, the capillary wave generated from the horn end easily propagates all over the gas–liquid interface, thereby starting the generation of microbubbles at a lower ultrasonic power input. When the orifice diameter is large, the capillary wave is attenuated because of viscosity and surface tension. Hence, in this case, microbubble generation from the horn requires a higher ultrasonic power input. Furthermore, the maximum yield of microbubbles via primary and secondary bubble generation can be increased by increasing the gas flow rate.     

Electrostatic interaction between a rod-like macromolecule and a circular orifice/disk in an electrolyte solution

We present the solutions of the interaction energy for a colloid system with a charged rod-like macromolecule immersed in a bulk electrolyte and moving along the axis of a circular orifice or disk (orifice/disk).The calculation requires a numerical computation of the surface charge profiles,which result from a constant surface potential on the macromolecule and the orifice/disk.In the calculation,remarkable divergences of the surface charge emerge on the edges of the macromolecule and the orifice/disk,which are well-known edge effects.The anisotropic distribution of the surface charge (effective dipole) results in an attraction between these two charged objects.This attraction is enhanced with the increase of the screening length of the system for both the orifice and the disk systems.However,the sizes of the orifice and the disk reduce to different effects on the interaction energy.     

Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of in-Line Impinging Jets With Cross-Flow At Short Jet-To-Plate Distance

The aim of this research is to numerically and experimentally study the flow and heat transfer characteristics of in-line impinging jets in cross-flow. The jets from a row of round orifices are perpendicularly impinged on the inner surface of a rectangular wind tunnel at a short distance between the orifice plate and impinged surface (H) of 2D, where D is a diameter of the orifice. The jet velocity was fixed corresponding to Re = 13,400 for all experiments, and the cross-flow velocity was varied at three different velocity ratios (velocity ratio, jet velocity/cross-flow velocity) of 3, 5, and 7. The heat transfer characteristic was visualized using a thermochromic liquid crystal sheet, and the Nusselt number distribution was evaluated by an image processing technique. The flow pattern on the impinged surface was also visualized by an oil film technique. The numerical simulation was used to explore a flow interaction between the impinging jets and cross-flow. The results indicated that Nusselt number peak increased by the increasing cross-flow velocity for short jet-to-plate distance. For the range determined, the maximum local Nusselt number peak was obtained at VR = 3 as the consequence of high velocity and high turbulence kinetic energy of jet impingement.     

Study on bubble formation in non-Newtonian fluids by laser image technique

A laser image system for studying bubble formation at the orifice submerged in liquid was established. The process of bubble formation can be directly visualized and real-time recorded through computer by means of He–Ne laser as light source using the beam expanding and light amplification technique. The behaviors of bubble formation in polyacrylamide (PAM) aqueous solutions were investigated at temperature 293.15 K and orifice diameters 1, 1.5 and 2 mm, respectively, the chamber volume was 90 cm³ and the gas flowrate from 0.1 to 0.6 cm³/s. The influences of mass concentration of solution and orifice diameter on bubble detachment volume were investigated experimentally and the results show that bubble detachment volume increases with solution concentration and orifice diameter in the experimental range of this work.     

基于蚯蚓背孔射流的仿生射流表面减阻性能研究

为了减小流体对固体壁面的阻力, 基于蚯蚓生物学特征, 对蚯蚓背孔射流特性进行分析, 建立仿蚯蚓背孔射流的仿生射流表面计算模型, 采用SST k-ω 湍流模型对仿生射流表面的减阻特性进行数值模拟, 同时对数值模拟结果进行实验验证, 并以此研究了仿蚯蚓背孔射流表面的减阻机理.结果表明, 在一定条件下, 仿蚯蚓背孔射流的仿生射流表面具有较好的减阻效果; 在同一射流方向角下, 随着射流速度的增加, 减阻率逐渐增大; 在同一射流速度下, 随着射流方向角的增加, 减阻率呈先减小后增大的变化趋势; 数值模拟与实验均在射流速度为1 m·s^-1、射流方向角为-30°时达到最大, 分别为8.69%, 7.86%; 射流表面改变了原有光滑壁面的边界层结构, 对壁面边界层进行了有效的控制, 减小了壁面的剪应力, 降低了壁面边界层的速度.     

基于霍尔传感器阵列的孔板流量计测流量实验

利用集成霍尔传感器阵列测量水银压力差,并将其应用在传统的孔板流量计中.通过采集卡及LabVIEW编程,实现了对液体流量的测量.