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为探讨海马结构(hippocampal formation)功能失衡与癫痫源性脑损伤的关系,本工作采用 慢性强直电刺激大鼠海马(hippocampus, HPC) CA1顶树突区(apical dendrite region, A DR)或齿状回(dentate gyrus, DG)诱发大鼠癫痫模型,一天一次,连续刺激6~8天后, 观察人工致痫灶以外的横向弛豫时间加权的核磁共振(T2 weighted magnetic reson ance im age, T2-WI) 绝对信号值变化(片厚1mm),以及深部电图和原发性湿狗颤抖(pri mary wet dog shakes, WEDS),并对被检测动物T2-WI信号异常的相应脑区进行组织学鉴定. 结果表明:(1)电 刺激大 鼠ADR或DG的作用基本相似,引起深部电图的癫痫样电活动和侧脑室区域T2值增强.(2)含有电极尖端痕迹的核磁共振(magnetic resonance image,MRI)脑切片出现对称性腹部侧脑室区域T2值增强,连续向后1mm取MRI脑切片进行观察发现,对侧腹部侧脑室区域信号异常. (3)组织学切片观察到:MRI检测的侧脑室区域T2-WI信号增强与组织切片的侧脑室扩大相吻合,可见扩大的侧脑室中脉络丛上皮细胞病理性增生现象. 提示:在大鼠癫痫点燃现象出现之前,过度激活DG或ADR均可引起相似的早期癫痫源性脑损伤. 相似文献
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大鼠眼球的高场磁共振成像研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该文旨在研究微型磁共振(MRI)对大鼠眼球的成像效果和应用. 通过对10只SD大鼠的20只眼球进行7.0 T MRI检查,应用常规T1WI和T2WI序列高分辨率扫描;观察MRI图像上大鼠眼球的结构,并比较MRI测量与组织学显微镜下测量视网膜厚度结果. 磁共振扫描清楚地显示了所有受试大鼠眼球的主要结构,包括角膜、晶状体、玻璃体、视网膜、巩膜、虹膜、睫状体、视神经. 球壁结构磁共振图像层次与组织学结构层次有良好对应性; 磁共振视网膜厚度测量值与显微镜下视网膜厚度测量数据进行配对 t 检验,P>0.05,二者无显著差异. 由此得出的结论是小动物MRI可以对大鼠眼球细微解剖结构进行无创性的成像,为我们提供了一个研究大鼠眼科疾病模型的形态学及功能变化的手段. 相似文献
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猕猴桃的磁共振成象及核磁共振定域波谱研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以猕猴桃鲜果为样品,在4.7T核磁共振成象仪上测量了质子密度象、扩散系数D的分布象、纵向弛豫时间T1分布象和横向弛豫时间TT2分布象,得到了鲜果不同部位的TT1、TT2和D的值,此外还进行了抑制水峰的定域波谱测量.所测得的定域波谱与猕猴桃果汁的1H高分辨核磁共振(NMR)谱进行了比较和归属.无损地获得了有关猕猴桃的形态结构和物质组成的一些信息. 相似文献
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20世纪90年代初,随着第一代超高场磁共振成像仪的投入使用,因其诸多的优点,如更高的检测信噪比、更好的对比度、更强的BOLD效应和更宽的波谱,超高场磁共振成像成为国际医学磁共振领域最热门的研究方向之一.该文以最新一代的7.0 T MRI成像仪为例,简述超高场磁共振人体成像仪的系统结构、研究进展,并展望其在神经科学、认知科学和医学的应用前景. 相似文献
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灵长类大脑在结构、生理、功能及神经学上与人类大脑非常相似. 因此,灵长类中风模型为研究大脑缺血的损伤机制和开发各种药物治疗方法提供了理想的动物模型. 该文介绍了近年来使用的各种灵长类中风模型,并总结了目前可用于该模型的各种磁共振成像(MRI)方法. 同时,还讨论了灵长类动物高分辩弥散张量成像(DTI)和磁共振灌注成像(PWI)的数据采集方法和心跳及呼吸引起的生理运动伪影的矫正方法. 这些方法改进了弥散一灌注失配(DWI-PWI MISMATCH)成像的精度和质量,有助于提高对脑缺血半暗带演化及其对药物治疗反应的精确评估,为更好地利用灵长类脑中风模型和当代磁共振成像技术进行中风机制研究和药物开发建立一个理想的研究平台. 相似文献
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广泛性焦虑大鼠前额叶皮质和海马磁共振波谱的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以广泛性焦虑大鼠为研究载体,探讨其前额叶皮质和海马组织质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)的变化及意义.大鼠分为正常组和模型组各8只,采用慢性情绪应激的方法建立广泛性焦虑大鼠模型,以国际公认的高架十字迷宫试验对其进行评价,在活体状态下,通过pharmascan70/16超导磁共振仪(7.0T)检测双侧海马及前额叶皮质N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、谷氨酸(Glu)、肌酸(Cr)等代谢物水平,分别计算NAA、Cho和Glu与Cr的比值,进而对脑组织代谢进行定性及定量分析.正常组与广泛性焦虑组双侧海马及左侧前额叶皮质代谢物无明显差异(P0.05),广泛性焦虑大鼠右侧前额叶皮质NAA、Cho相对浓度较正常组显著降低(P0.05),Glu相对浓度则明显升高(P0.05).慢性焦虑情绪的产生可能与右侧前额叶皮质兴奋性神经递质谷氨酸的浓度升高、神经元的损伤或数量减少及细胞内信号转导的异常有关. 相似文献
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超高场磁共振成像(ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging,UHF-MRI)是主磁场强度为7 T及以上磁共振成像的统称.与传统磁共振成像相比,UHF-MRI具有更高的信噪比和对比度.因此,在临床医学及神经科学等领域,该技术的运用能够显著提高信号的探测灵敏度和图像的空间分辨率,从而提供更丰富的生理病理信息.目前,UHF-MRI在大脑功能和代谢成像两个方面发挥了重要的作用.在脑功能研究方面,高分辨率的皮层功能柱和分层成像有助于揭示神经信息流的方向;在脑代谢研究中,氢核与多核的波谱及成像技术提供了更精确的代谢信息,有望在功能性和代谢性疾病的病理研究中取得重要突破.本文介绍了UHF-MRI的发展历史和理论基础,梳理了其关键优势及在脑功能和代谢成像应用研究中的现状,总结了当前面临的挑战,并提出了未来重点研究方向. 相似文献
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针对人体组织电导率的三维成像问题,提出一种改进的分层灵敏度磁共振电阻抗重建算法.利用单方向磁感应强度信息,对三维电导率图像实行分层重建,每层重建仅利用该层磁通密度分量测量数据,然后对单层重建结果进行修正以获得三维电导率重建图像.三介质长方体模型上的仿真实验证明,改进的分层重建算法改善了层间串扰现象,可以获得比一般分层算法甚至整体算法更高的图像分辨率,而且重建时间较整体算法显著减少;基于人体腿模型的仿真实验表明该算法对复杂模型三维重构的可行性;最后通过仿体实验验证算法的重建效果.改进的分层灵敏度重建算法降低了灵敏度矩阵法的计算机硬件需求,减少了重建时间,对MREIT的三维重建具有较高的成像精度和求解效率. 相似文献
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P. Christiansen P.B. Toft P. Gideon E.R. Danielsen P. Ring O. Henriksen 《Magnetic resonance imaging》1994,12(8):1237-1244
In vivo measurement of metabolite concentrations in the human brain by means of proton-MRS contributes significantly to the clinical evaluation of patients with diseases of the brain. The fully relaxed water signal has been proposed as an internal standard for calibration of the MRS measurements. The major drawbacks are the necesity to make the assumptions that the water concentration in the brain and that all tissue water is MR-visible. A number of in vivo measurements were carried out to estimate the concentration of MR-visible water in the brain of healthy volunteers divided into four age groups: newborn (0–23 days), adolescents (10–15 yr), adults (22–28 yr), and elderly people (60–74 yr). The examinations were carried out using a Siemens Helicon SP 63/84 MR-scanner operating at 1.5 T. Except for the newborn, four regions were studied in each subject using stimulated echo (STEAM) sequences without water suppression. In vitro measurements on a standard phantom were used for calibration. The calculated water concentrations ranged between 35.8 and 39.6 (mean 36.9) mol·[kg wet weight]−1 in the three groups, whereas it was 51.5 mol·[kg wet weight]−1 in the newborn, p<.01. The observed water concentration of neither the four regions nor of the three oldest age groups were significantly different. Comparisons between the water concentrations measured and those expected based on estimation of the content of grey and white matter in the region of interest from T1-weighted images and biochemical data published, suggest that only a small fraction (<5%) of the tissue water may be MR-invisible. The study of healthy volunteers thus shows that errors introduced by using the unsaturated water signal for calibration are less than 10%, which is comparable to expected errors when other calibration procedures are used under similar measurement conditions. 相似文献
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太空辐射尤其是重离子辐射可造成DNA的破坏、细胞死亡、以及一些癌症的发生, 是人类深空探索进程中急需克服的难题. 本文通过重离子加速器产生 ~(12)C~(6+)重离子束对大鼠头部进行一定剂量的辐射, 模拟空间重离子辐射对中枢神经系统(CNS)的生物学效应. 采用基于 ~1H NMR的代谢组学方法对辐射大鼠大脑额叶皮质区进行了测定分析, 结合数据的统计分析和检验, 发现了包括一些重要CNS神经递质在内的代谢物含量发生明显变化. 这些代谢物主要为: 牛磺酸、乳酸、谷氨酸、 4-氨基丁酸、以及磷酸胆碱等. 结合差异蛋白质组结果分析, 包括4-氨基丁酸、谷氨酸、乳酸、牛磺酸等在内的代谢物参与的主要生物途径, 如神经递质的合成途径, 以及神经递质受体介导的信号途径可能受重离子辐射的负面影响. 这些发现将为进一步阐明重离子辐射效应的分子机制提供有利信息, 从而为从生物学途径探寻有效重离子辐射防护措施提供依据. 相似文献
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Seong Cho Dana Jones Wilburn E. Reddick Robert J. Ogg R.Grant Steen 《Magnetic resonance imaging》1997,15(10):1133-1143
The goal of this study was to determine the expected normal range of variation in spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of brain tissue in vivo, as a function of age. A previously validated precise and accurate inversion recovery method was used to map T1 transversely, at the level of the basal ganglia, in a study population of 115 healthy subjects (ages 4 to 72; 57 male and 58 female). Least-squares regression analysis shows that T1 varied as a function of age in pulvinar nucleus (R2 = 56%), anterior thalamus (R2 = 51%), caudate (R2 = 50%), frontal white matter (R2 = 47%), optic radiation (R2 = 39%), putamen (R2 = 36%), genu (R2 = 22%), occipital white matter (R2 = 20%) (all p < 0.0001), and cortical gray matter (R2 = 53%) (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in T1 between men and women. T1 declines throughout adolescence and early adulthood, to achieve a minimum value in the fourth to sixth decade of life, then T1 begins to increase. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging provides evidence that brain tissue continues to change throughout the lifespan among healthy subjects with no neurologic deficits. Age-related changes follow a strikingly different schedule in different brain tissues; white matter tracts tend to reach a minimum T1 value, and to increase again, sooner than do gray matter tracts. Such normative data may prove useful for the early detection of brain pathology in patients. 相似文献
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Stephen J. Riederer Clifford R. Jack Roger C. Grimm John N. Rydberg Glenn S. Slavin 《Magnetic resonance imaging》1995,13(8):1095-1098
Within the last several years a number of technical developments have been made in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can potentially impact clinical and research MR imaging applications in epilepsy. These include developments in instrumentation and in pulse sequences. Advances in instrumentation include higher capacity gradient systems and multiple receiver coils as directed to brain imaging. Advances in pulse sequence include use of fast or turbo-spin-echo techniques, variants of echo-planar imaging, and sequences such as fluid-attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) targeted to specific applications of brain imaging. The purpose of this paper is to review several of these developments. 相似文献
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Masafumi Harada Miki Tanouchi Hirokazu Miyoshi Hiromu Nishitani Seiji Kannuki 《Magnetic resonance imaging》1994,12(8):1269-1274
We encountered a case of brain abscess that was difficult to differentiate from glioblastoma. Localized 1H-MRS was found to be useful for obtaining information on the biochemical status of brain abscess. The peak of lipid and high residual peak of NAA (N-acetyl-aspartate) were observed in the cystic lesion of the brain abscess by 1H-MRS. The NAA/Cho (Choline-containing compounds) ratio in brain parenchyma showing an edematous lesion before therapy gradually increased with the relief of inflammation. 相似文献
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Purpose
The purpose was to investigate the altered hemispheric asymmetry in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with unilateral hippocampus sclerosis (MTLE/HS).Materials and methods
This study examined the hemispheric asymmetry of regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume among a group of 13 patients with left-sided MTLE/HS, a group of 10 patients with right-sided MTLE/HS and a group of 21 age- and gender- matched healthy controls by optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) based on magnetic resonance imaging.Results
Compared to healthy controls, abnormal asymmetries were detected in the left-sided MTLE/HS patients. The left-sided MTLE/HS patients had more GM asymmetries (L<R) in the temporal lobes, including the inferior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus. There was significant asymmetry (L<R) in subcortical WM of the mesial temporal lobe in left-sided MTLE/HS patients. However, no significant difference was detected in terms of GM and WM asymmetry between the group with right-sided MTLE/HS and normal controls.Conclusion
We should approach hemispheric asymmetry in left- and right-sided MTLE/HS patients differently. The study also demonstrates potential future use of VBM in detecting hemispheric asymmetries and lateralization of brain functions. 相似文献17.
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自闭症,又称作孤独症,是一种常发生在儿童中的广泛性发育障碍,表现为交流障碍、语言障碍以及重复刻板的行为和狭窄的兴趣爱好. 磁共振成像作为一种无损伤的和多参数的影像方法,其各种检测手段均被应用于自闭症实验研究,其中结构磁共振成像(sMRI)和功能磁共振成像(fMRI)研究居多. 研究表明自闭症患者脑部结构发生了显著性改变. 该文综述了当前世界上利用磁共振结构成像研究自闭症的主要成果,包括结构磁共振成像研究脑体积变化,扩散张量成像研究自闭症的脑白质损伤. 该文也说明磁共振成像是一种十分有用的研究工具,有望在将来更多被用于探索自闭症的未知领域. 相似文献
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1型糖尿病(T1DM)是一种慢性代谢疾病,主要表现为胰岛素分泌量较正常情况下降,会对人体的多个器官和系统造成持续性的损伤.关于糖尿病的横向研究发现糖尿病患者相比于正常人存在着显著的脑萎缩,但关于糖尿病引起的脑萎缩随时间发生进行性改变的研究比较少见.实验采用腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)来诱导建立大鼠的1型糖尿病模型,运用磁共振成像(MRI)的方法对萎缩的脑区进行定位并在造模后12周和20周两个时间点对脑萎缩的程度进行对比分析,然后运用组织化学染色的方法观察在MRI上出现进行性萎缩的脑区中的神经元所发生的病理改变.MRI的结果表明:STZ诱导的T1DM大鼠相比于正常对照组大鼠出现了显著性的全脑体积、灰质体积和白质体积的萎缩,并且在多个白质脑区和灰质脑区均出现了萎缩程度随着病程的延长而逐渐加重.组织化学染色的结果发现,STZ诱导的T1DM大鼠相对于正常对照组大鼠在体感皮层、运动皮层和海马CA3区,均出现明显的神经元萎缩现象. 相似文献