氚老化对LaNi_(4.9)Al_(0.1)的动力学性能的影响

测定了不同材龄的LaNi4 .9Al0 .1氘化与去氘化动力学参数 ,评价了氚老化对LaNi4 .9Al0 .1动力学性能的影响。研究结果表明 ,氚老化不改变合金的氘化与去氘化的反应级数 ;反应速率随老化时间的增加而降低 ;活化能随老化时间的增加而增加     

氚老化对LaNi4.9Al0.1的动力学性能的影响

测定了不同材龄的LaNi4.9Al0.1氘化与去氘化动力学参数,评价了氚老化对LaNi4.9Al0.1动力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,氚老化不改变合金的氘化与去氘化的反应级数;反应速率随老化时间的增加而降低;活化能随老化时间的增加而增加.     

铝含量对LaNi_(5-x)Al_x 合金氘化与去氘化热力学函数的影响

测定了LaNi5-xAlx(x =0 .0、0 .1、0 .2、0 .3)的氘化与去氘化热力学参数 ,评价了LaNi5-xAlx 中铝含量对氘化与去氘化热力学函数的影响。研究结果表明 ,合金的坪台压力和吸氘容量随x的增加而降低 ;坪率随x的增加而增加 ;热力学焓变与熵变随x的增加而减少 ;滞后系数Hf 随x的增加而减少。     

铝含量对LaNi5-xAlx合金氘化与去氘化热力学函数的影响

测定了LaNi5-xAlx(x=0.0、0.1、0.2、0.3)的氘化与去 氘化热力学参数，评价了LaNi5-xAlx中铝含量对氘化与去氘化热力学函 数的影响。研究结果表明，合金的坪台压力和吸氘容量随x的增加而降低；坪率随x 的增加而增加；热力学焓变与熵变随x的增加而减少；滞后系数Hf随x的增加而减少 。     

同步荧光法研究溴氰菊酯与牛血清白蛋白的结合作用

用同步荧光法消除了溴氰菊酯对牛血清白蛋白内源性荧光的干扰,研究了生理条件（pH=7.4）下溴氰菊酯与牛血清白蛋白之间的相互作用。不同温度下的猝灭常数证明溴氰菊酯对牛血清白蛋白的猝灭是静态过程,据此求得25℃下溴氰菊酯与牛血清白蛋白的结合常数为1.97×105L.mol-1,热力学参数ΔH=29.79kJ.mol-1、ΔS=201.32J.K-1.mol-1,两者之间的相互作用力以疏水作用力为主。根据Foerster非辐射能量转移机理,计算了牛血清白蛋白与溴氰菊酯间结合距离r=5.42nm,能量转移效率E=0.104。     

甲基百里酚蓝-铜（Ⅱ）络合物与白蛋白的相互作用

在模拟动物体生理条件下,采用荧光光谱、紫外-可见光谱法研究了甲基百里酚蓝-铜(Ⅱ)络合物与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.实验表明,MTB-Cu(Ⅱ)络合物与BSA之间为一形成复合物的静态猝灭过程.根据Stern-Volmer方程和Lineweaver-Burk方程求出了其结合常数(295K:3.449×105L·mol-1;310K:2.792×105L·mol-1)和热力学参数(△H=-10.71kJ·mol-1;△S=69.69J·K-1/69.71J·K-1;△G=-31.27kJ·mol-1/-32.32kJ·mol-1).证明二者主要以静电力作用,该过程是一个熵增加、Gibbs自由能降低的自发超分子过程.依据Foerster理论求出了结合距离r=2.25nm,阐明了猝灭机制是通过能量转移产生的.     

花生壳吸附水中苯酚的热力学与动力学研究

利用废弃的花生壳对水中苯酚进行吸附试验,考察了吸附的最佳条件、吸附热力学和动力学特征.采用Langmuir和Freundlich等温线对平衡数据进行了线性拟合,结果表明,花生壳对苯酚的吸附平衡符合Freundlich等温方程.在298K下,吸附焓变△H=-5.12kJ ·moL^-1,自由能变△G=-4.41 kJ·moL^-1,熵变△S=-2.38J·mo1-1·K-1.表明：该吸附过程为自发进行的放热过程,其动力学行为更好的符合Lagergren准二级动力学模型.     

荧光法研究橙皮苷、淫羊藿苷与溶菌酶的相互作用

应用荧光光谱法研究了生理pH条件下橙皮苷或淫羊藿苷与溶菌酶的相互作用.研究发现,橙皮苷或淫羊藿苷对溶菌酶内源性荧光产生强烈的猝灭作用,测定了不同温度下橙皮苷或淫羊藿苷与溶菌酶反应的猝灭常数,并得出橙皮苷对溶菌酶的荧光猝灭过程为动态猝灭,淫羊藿苷对溶菌酶的荧光产生静态和动态并存的复合猝灭方式.由van't Hoff方程式计算出橙皮苷或淫羊藿苷与溶菌酶反应的热力学参数:焓变△H和熵变△S值分别为20.29 kJ·mol-1,146.28 J·mol-1·K-1和-3.47 kJ·mol-1和81.16 J·mol-1·K-1,表明了橙皮苷与溶菌酶的作用力是以疏水作用为主,而淫羊藿苷与溶菌酶的作用力主要是静电引力,生成自由能变△G均为负值,表明橙皮苷或淫羊藿苷与溶菌酶的作用过程是一个熵增加、Gibbs自由能降低的自发过程.根据F6ster非辐射能量转移理论求出了橙皮苷、淫羊藿苷与溶菌酶色氨酸残基之间的结合距离分别为1.34和1.24 nm.同步荧光研究表明橙皮苷、淫羊藿苷能够使溶菌酶的构象发生变化.     

两种薁磺酰胺席夫碱衍生物分子的光谱和热力学性质计算研究

使用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,对两种薁磺酰胺席夫碱衍生物的分子结构、红外光谱、电子吸收光谱及热力学性质进行计算研究,并基于Tomasi的极化统一场模型(PCM)讨论电子吸收光谱的溶剂效应.结果表明,红外光谱计算值与实验值吻合,电子吸收光谱都是π-π*跃迁,溶剂及溶剂极性大小对最低能量吸收波长无影响.酚羟基的引入增大席夫碱的共轭体系,有利于提高分子的生物活性.298 K时,两种衍生物的ΔfHθm分别为5544.3,5304.6 k J·mol-1,ΔfGθm分别为20548.7,20331.2 k J·mol-1,Sθm分别为857.5,881.1 J·mol-1·K-1.     

长春新碱与牛血清白蛋白相互作用研究

利用紫外、荧光和圆二色光谱研究了不同温度下长春新碱(VCR)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用。通过荧光猝灭数据算得在296,303和310 K时,VCR与BSA的猝灭常数KSV分别为2.0×104,1.7×104和1.5×104L.mol-1,结合常数Ka分别为1.5×104,9.5×103和4.9×103L.mol-1,结合位点数分别为0.978 6,0.949 0和0.891 1,表明VCR与BSA间具有较强的结合作用,但结合能随着温度的升高而降低,是形成复合物的静态猝灭。圆二色光谱(CD)数据表明相互作用后BSA的二级结构发生了改变:BSA的α-螺旋的含量从33.5%下降到29.7%,β-折叠的含量从13.6%升高到18.4%。通过Van′t Hoff方程,计算出热力学常数焓变(ΔH)和熵变(ΔS)分别为:-62.7 kJ.mol-1和-129.38 J.(mol-1.K)-1,表明氢键和范德华力在VCR与BSA结合中处于主导作用。     

LaNi_5和LaNi_(4 .7)Al_(0 .3)氢化物柱内氢氘间的排代

进行了室温附近LaNi5和LaNi4 .7Al0 .3 两种材料上气 固间氢氘的排代实验。两种材料的排代效果都较好 ,相比之下 ,LaNi5的更优。可以推测 ,在不要求得到高纯氚的情况下 ,都可以用作氚的冷卸载贮存床。初步的理论探讨揭示 ,气 固界面的化学交换反应是产生排代效应的原因 ,宏观交换规律决定排代效果。理想化的塔板理论模型对排代流出曲线的描述是有效和适用的 ,塔板高度是材料排代性能优劣的指标 ,在确定的排代条件下 ,如果塔板高度小于 1.0cm ,应该认为具有较好的排代效果。     

Adsorption and desorption behavior of NO on H-ZSM-5, Na-ZSM-5, and Na-A as studied by EPR

Nitric monoxide probe molecules are used to characterize the Lewis acid properties of sodium cations and aluminum defect centers in various zeolite materials. The adsorption-desorption behavior of NO probe molecules is studied at different temperatures for Na-A, Na-ZSM-5, H-ZSM-5, and silicalite. Adsorbed NO molecules form paramagnetic adsorption complexes with Lewis acid sites which can be examined by EPR transitions ((Delta)m(S)+/-1) at g approximately 2.0. Otherwise the desorption of NO into the gas phase can be monitored by the typical nine-line EPR spectrum ((Delta)m(J)+/-1) of the (2)Pi(3/2) state at g approximately 0.7776. This gas-phase signal is used to study the overall adsorption-desorption properties of the zeolites in the temperature range 150 K less than or approximately T less than or approximately 300 K. At lower temperatures the probe molecules are adsorbed at the Lewis acid sites inside the nanoporous materials and produce an intensive spectrum at T less than or approximately 110 K. But at intermediate temperatures 110 K less than or approximately T less than or approximately 150 K the NO molecules are adsorbed only for a few hundred picoseconds because the lifetime of the adsorption complexes is limited by the beginning desorption processes. The decreasing lifetime of the adsorption complex with rising temperature results in an increasing homogeneous line broadening of their EPR signals. An analysis of the line-broadening effects provides an opportunity for determining the specific desorption energies E(A)(H-ZSM-5)=(20.2+/-7.3) kJ/mol, E(A)(Na-ZSM-5)=(4.1+/-1.5) kJ/mol, and E(A)(Na-A)=(7.1+/-2.1) kJ/mol for NO probe molecules at sodium cations and aluminum defect centers just below the desorption temperature.     

Theoretical study of aging effects on LaNi_5 tritium storage

1 Introduction LaNi5 intermetallic compounds, used in storage, separation and purification of hydro- gen and hydrogen isotopes, are known for a high-density storage, easy activation, low pressure, and rapid and reversible absorption and desorption[1-15]. Tritium as an impor- tant material in the nuclear industry is radioactively decaying into 3He with a half-life of 12.3 years. With time, there are many changes in the electronic and physical properties of the tritide for the deposition of 3He…     

Hydrogen accumulation and distribution during the saturation of a VT1-0 titanium alloy by an electrolytic method and from a gas atmosphere

The accumulation, distribution, and thermally stimulated release of hydrogen in a VT1-0 titanium alloy during electrolytic saturation and gas-phase saturation are studied. After electrolytic saturation, a 0.4-μm-thick surface layer consisting of δ hydrides with a binding energy of 108 kJ/mol forms in the alloy. The hydride dissociation after electrolytic saturation in heating occurs in the temperature range 320–370°C. After saturation from a gas atmosphere, δ hydrides with a binding energy of 102 kJ/mol form throughout the alloy volume. The dissociation of the hydrides formed during gas-phase saturation in heating occurs in the temperature range 520–530°C. A further increase in the temperature is accompanied by the transformation of titanium from the α into the β modification. At 690–720°C, the phase transformation is completed, and another hydrogen desorption peak appears in a thermally stimulated hydrogen desorption spectrum.     

Li-N-H储氢体系热力学性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法, 系统地研究了Li-N-H储氢过程中各个化合物的晶胞参数、生成焓和化学反应焓. 结果发现优化后的晶格参数与先前的理论和实验研究符合得很好. 通过计算Li₃N, LiH, LiNH₂和Li₂NH在298 K的生成焓分别为-168.7, -81.0, -173.0和-190.8 kJ/mol, 进而计算得到整个储氢反应过程在T=298 K时反应焓为78.5 kJ/mol H₂, 这和他人计算得到T=300 K的结果75.67 kJ/mol H₂非常接近. 最后, 给出了储氢两步反应过程分别在T=298 K时的反应焓, 这些结果都与实验和他人理论计算得到的数据符合较好. 关键词： 第一性原理 热力学性质 Li-N-H 体系 反应焓     

Effect of oxygen on the hydrogenation properties of magnesium films

The effect of magnesium oxide on the magnesium and hydrogen desorption properties of magnesium films have been investigated. We find that by capping metallic magnesium films with oxide overlayers the apparent desorption energy of magnesium is increased from 146 kJ/mol to 314 kJ/mol. The results are discussed in light of previous investigations of ball-milled magnesium powders.     

Ethylene hydrogenation on Ni(1 0 0) surface

The hydrogenation of ethylene on Ni(1 0 0) surface has been studied by TDS. The decrease in the bonding energy with increasing coverage is revealed for both of adsorbed hydrogen and ethylene by the shift of desorption to lower temperatures. Ethane formation is only observed on the preadsorbed hydrogen coverage exceeding 0.5 monolayer (ML), coupled with the growth of H₂ shoulder peak at lower temperatures. Further increase of H coverage to saturation reduces the bonding energy of subsequently adsorbed ethylene by 15 kJ/mol and decreases the saturation coverage of ethylene to about one-third on the clean surface. This leads to the shift of ethane desorption from 250 to 220 K and an appearance of additional ethane peak at 180 K. The latter ethane formation coincides with the hydrogenation of surface ethyl species derived from ethyl iodide as a precursor. It indicates that the rate of ethyl formation on the surface would be comparable to that of subsequent hydrogen addition to the surface ethyl species in the hydrogenation of ethylene when the preadsorbed hydrogen coverage approaches 1.0 ML.     

PuO分子X5Σ-态的势能函数及热力学函数的量子力学计算

在Pu的相对论有效原子实势近似和O原子6-311G^*全电子基函数下,用quadratic configuration interaction of singlely and doublely substitution(QCISD)方法计算了PuO分子基态X⁵Σ^-的Murrell-Sorbie解析势能函数和热力学函数,得到R_e,D_e,B_e,α_e,ω_关键词：     

Hydrogen storage by physisorption: beyond carbon

Hydrogen storage using physisorption requires higher desorption temperatures than those possible using conventional adsorbents such as carbon. Using computational design, we predict that several materials have extremely strong physisorption interactions with hydrogen, including 12 kJ/mol heat of adsorption for hydrogen on some sites. Experimental adsorption isotherms on one of the materials, boron oxide, confirm the calculations, and large coverage is observed at temperatures as high as the boiling point of methane, 115 K. Since these materials have sp²-like bonding, they should be amenable to the rich variety of chemical manipulations that have been used with carbon.     

Thermodynamics of Li-N-H system for hydrogen storage: A theoretical and experimental study

In the present work, electronic structure, chemical bonding and thermal stability of Li-N-H system for hydrogen storage were calculated by a first principle approach. On the basis of the thermal analysis of this system, pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) isotherm measurements of hydrogen desorption were performed and analyzed. The theoretical and experimental enthalpies of this system were calculated as −75.67 and −69.17 kJ/mol of H₂, which agree well with other corresponding findings of −73.6 and 66.1 kJ/mol of H₂, respectively. The theoretical and experimental values of desorption enthalpies in this study are reasonably agreeable with each other.