磁头/磁盘间润滑剂转移机理及影响因素

硬盘存储密度的增加促使磁头的飞行高度不断降低.降低磁头飞行高度所导致的润滑剂在磁头与磁盘之间的转移已成为影响磁头飞行稳定性的一个重要因素.本文采用改进后的粗粒珠簧模型,应用分子动力学模拟方法,对磁头/磁盘之间润滑剂转移的机理进行研究.分析了磁盘表面润滑膜厚度、润滑剂种类以及磁头表面局部温度差对磁头/磁盘之间润滑剂转移量的影响.研究结果表明:转移到磁头上的润滑剂的体积随磁盘表面润滑膜厚度的增加而急剧增加;增加单个分子中羟基的数量,可以显著减少转移到磁头上的润滑剂的体积;磁头表面的局部高温可增加转移到磁头上的润滑剂的体积,且增加单个分子中羟基的数量可显著改善局部温度差对磁头/磁盘之间润滑剂转移的影响.     

燃烧室出口辐射对气膜冷却传热影响研究

燃气轮机高温透平中包含对流/导热/辐射等复杂传热现象。本文依托高温流热固耦合实验台,提出燃烧室与透平联合计算的方法,采用数值模拟和实验对比的方式分析了平板气膜冷却的对流/导热/辐射传热特性。同时研究了不同燃气吸收系数以及不同进口辐射条件对于平板气膜冷却的表面温度分布的影响。结果表明:辐射传热是燃气轮机首级高温叶片传热特性的重要影响因素,辐射传热使得实验平板温度抬升50～70 K,燃烧室/透平联合计算方法有效地分析了燃烧室出口辐射强度对高温平板气膜冷却辐射传热的影响;高温燃气辐射特性对于平板温度分布具有明显影响。     

磁头-磁盘接触作用力对磁记录层信息强度影响规律的定量研究

磁存储密度的持续增长会导致磁头-磁盘的间距不断减小, 这样, 极有可能引起磁头-磁盘接触退磁的发生, 从而造成磁记录层存储数据的丢失. 为了明确退磁过程中的相应作用关系, 本文通过磁力显微镜的相位成像原理直接给出了磁盘退磁的定量测量方法. 并且依据此方法, 利用纳米划痕实验研究了磁头-磁盘接触作用力对磁记录层信息强度的影响规律. 结果表明:当磁头-磁盘接触作用力超过临界退磁载荷时, 磁记录层的信息强度与磁头-磁盘接触作用力之间存在减函数关系; 在低接触载荷区域中, 即使磁记录层表面没有划痕产生, 磁盘退磁现象仍旧可能发生; 对于任意磁头-磁盘接触作用力, 磁盘表面的破坏区域总是会大于磁记录层的退磁区域; 当磁头反复划刮磁盘的同一位置时, 磁记录层的表面划痕处将出现弹性安定状态, 对应地, 磁记录层的信息强度会趋近于某一定值.     

不同位置强光源作用微光电视系统成像特征建模及分析

以强光源作用微光电视成像机理为基础,借助端到端成像建模思想,综合考虑强光源作用目标表面辐射特性及系统自动亮度控制特性,建立了不同位置强光作用后系统成像特征量化模型.以模型为基础,利用三维场景仿真平台实时计算强光源作用后地物成像灰度,实现了不同位置微光系统成像数字仿真.结合外场实验数据,通过对比实验结果与仿真结果中目标和背景灰度及目标成像对比度,对仿真模型进行了验证,结果表明:该模型与外场实验数据有较好的一致性,模型可靠性较高.最后探讨了强光作用后不同干扰因素对系统成像质量的影响,当强光源位于系统视场外时,其对目标表面辐射特性的作用是影响系统输出图像质量的主要因素;当强光源位于系统视场内时,其对系统增益的作用则成为主要因素.     

基于人工神经网络的滴膜共存冷凝传热模型的研究

为了研究影响滴膜共存冷凝传热特性的因素,如滴膜区间面积比、滴膜相对位置、表面分割方式,表面过冷度等对冷凝传热的特性共同作用,本文应用人工神经网络技术,建立表面分割数、滴膜区面积比、凝液环数、表面过冷度与强化传热比之间的综合评价预测模型。结果表明,基于Matlab语言的人工神经网络模型具有较高的预测准确率及泛化能力,能够很好的评价和预测不同条件下的冷凝传热特性。     

曲面对层板/热障涂层耦合结构冷却特性的影响

先进的双层壁化叶片表面喷涂热障涂层是提升未来航空发动机热效率的关键技术之一。本文利用数值模拟探讨了壁面曲率对涂敷热障涂层的双层层板冷却结构体系中各热防护措施(包括：气膜冷却、内部近壁换热及表面涂层隔热)的影响,并在不同热障涂层厚度和冷/热气流吹风比下,开展了金属表面综合冷却效率(?)和TBC热防护效率(τ)对壁面曲率的敏感性分析。结果表明：曲面对气膜效率和热障涂层热防护作用影响较大,但几乎不会影响内部传热。凸面模型具有最高的气膜效率,而在凹面模型中使用热障涂层会产生最大的?增量。整体来看,凸面具有最高的?和τ,凹面下这两种效率均最低。吹风比增加会显著降低?和τ对曲面的敏感性。热障涂层厚度增加会削弱?对曲面的敏感性,但会增强τ对曲面的敏感性。     

带肋气膜冷却平板的数值模拟研究

本文对不带肋和带45°肋气膜冷却平板的三维对流换热与导热耦合传热问题进行了数值模拟。网格划分采用非结构化网格,湍流模型为SSTκ-ε模型,近壁处采用壁面函数法,采用SIMPLEC算法求解速度和压力的耦合。计算获得了不带肋和带45°肋气膜冷却平板的流场分布和平板内外表面的换热系数值。结果表明带45°肋的气膜冷却平板通道流场结构比较复杂,平板表面平均温度较无肋气膜冷却平板表面平均温度下降,而在近气膜孔区域冷、热表面平均换热系数较无肋时增大。     

LAMOST围挡通道的壁面传热影响分析

运用热分析软件Icepak对望远镜LAMOST的圆顶围挡通道进行了热计算与分析，重点分析了围挡壁面的热辐射和热传导对整个温度场的影响。在通风管道冷却方案的基础上，分别建立了壁面辐射和传导的热模型，描述了壁面的传热结构。仿真计算了增加壁面热辐射和热传导时主光学组件——焦面的温度场分布，并对此作了对比分析。数值计算与仿真结果表明：壁面传热对其内部温度场的影响不大;利用通风管道的冷却措施可将焦面的最大温度梯度控制在0.4℃／m；围挡的特性结构对传热有效。     

双面电弧焊接的传热模型

将等离子焊接(PAW)电弧和钨极氩弧焊(TIG)电弧串接,相对作用于工件的正反面形成双面电弧焊接(DSAW)系统,可以引导焊接电流沿工件厚度方向流过小孔,补偿等离子电弧穿透工件时消耗的能量,以有效地提高等离子弧的穿透能力.综合考虑影响双面电弧焊接正反面熔池几何形状的力学因素,建立了熔池表面变形的控制方程,以此为基础并采用帖体曲线坐标系建立了DSAW焊接传热的数学模型,分析了DSAW,PAW焊接传热的差异,从传热的角度解释了DSAW焊接熔深增加的原因.焊接工艺实验表明,计算结果与实测结果吻合良好. 关键词： 双面电弧焊接(DSAW) 传热模型 熔池表面变形模型     

热惯性对热弹性行为影响的渐近分析

当热作用时间或受热器件结构尺寸呈现微尺度特征时, 热流运动的惯性效应将对热量的传递过程产生显著地影响. 基于热质的概念, 依据牛顿力学原理引入用于描述热质运动的热波方程, 结合各向同性材料的本构关系, 构建了计及热流运动惯性效应的广义热弹性动力学模型. 利用超常传热的微尺度特征, 采用解析的方法对半无限大体外表面受热冲击作用的一维问题进行了渐近求解. 通过对热波、热弹性波的传播和各物理场分布的分析以及与已有广义热弹性理论预测结果的对比, 揭示了热流运动的惯性效应对热弹性行为的影响. 结果表明：热量的传递除了受到热流加速的时间惯性影响之外, 热流运动的空间惯性也对传热行为产生影响, 当计及空间惯性时, 热波、热弹性波的波速、波前位置, 各物理场的建立时间、阶跃峰值及阶跃间隔均受到不同程度的影响. 关键词： 热惯性 热质运动 广义热弹性动力学模型 渐近分析     

Lubricant film flow and depletion characteristics at head/disk storage interface

The characteristics of lubricant film at head/disk interface(HDI) are essential to the stability of hard disk drives. In this study, the theoretical models of the lubricant flow and depletion are deduced based on Navier–Stokes(NS) and continuity equations. The air bearing pressure on the surface of the lubrication film is solved by the modified Reynolds equation based on Fukui and Kaneko(FK) model. Then the lubricant film deformations for a plane slider and double-track slider are obtained. The equation of lubricant film thickness is deduced with the consideration of van der Waals force, the air bearing pressure, the surface tension, and the external stresses. The lubricant depletion under heat source is simulated and the effects of different working conditions including initial thickness, flying height and the speed of the disk on lubricant depletion are discussed. The main factors that cause the lubricant flow and depletion are analyzed and the ways to reduce the film thickness deformation are proposed. The simulation results indicate that the shearing stress is the most important factor that causes the thickness deformation and other terms listed in the equation have little influence. The thickness deformation is dependent on the working parameter, and the thermal condition evaporation is the most important factor.     

Interface solution for writing-induced nano-deformation of slider body

Writing-induced nano-deformation of slider body becomes a big concern when the mechanical spacing between the head and disk is continuously reduced to achieve higher magnetic recording areal density. Reduced head–disk spacing increases the risk of head/disk contact and causes the thermal instability in head–disk interface (HDI). This paper reports authors’ efforts towards exploration of interface solutions for writing-induced instability in ultra-low head–disk spacing magnetic system. Multi-shallow step structure with optimized rail position is analyzed and a new femto slider with such structure is explored. The results of numerical simulation indicate that the multi-shallow step structure is an effective approach in reducing the flying height change caused by the writing-induced nano-deformation of the slider body.     

Sub-mm disk waviness characteristics and slider flying dynamics under thermal FH control

The flying dynamics and flying stability of a slider are the key issues at sub-5 nm flying height (FH) under thermal FH control. The resonant frequencies of current sliders are at 100 kHz level. At present linear disk velocities, the disk waviness at sub-mm level and 10 micron level can excite the resonant modes of the slider and induce FH modulation. This work uses the triple-harmonic method to monitor the dynamic FH signal during the process of thermal FH control. As the FH reduces, the same disk waviness characteristics excite larger dynamic FH modulation.     

Towards fly- and lubricant-contact recording

Reducing the spacing between the magnetic head and the magnetic media is of crucial importance in enabling future high-density magnetic data storage. The magnetic spacing has been reduced to a level that we have to explore new schemes for the further reduction of the spacing. This paper reports authors’ efforts towards fly- and lubricant-contact recording scheme. The targeted objective is to minimize the mean-plane spacing between the slider and disk surfaces and to allow the further reduction of the overcoat thickness. The slider will still fly over the disk surface. The read/write head part of the slider will be protruded to contact lubricant—to minimize the mean-plane mechanical spacing. The key factors for achieving such a mechanism include super-smooth slider and disk surfaces, advanced slider air-bearing design to significantly reduce flying height modulation caused by disk waviness and flatness, nano-actuator design, position feedback control scheme to control the contact depth, and so on. The preliminary experimental data confirm the feasibility of such a lubricant-contact scheme. The slider air-bearing design presented in this work also indicates the feasibility of high-performance slider design, which can well follow the disk waviness. A parameter, anti-modulation factor, is introduced for the evaluation of slider's performance in reducing flying height modulation caused by disk waviness.     

Investigation of HDD Ramp Unloading Processes with an Efficient Scheme

Ramp load/unload (L/UL) mechanisms are widely used to rest sliders in hard disk drives (HDDs). Loading/unloading a slider swiftly and smoothly is crucial in a HDD design. A novel, efficient simulation scheme is proposed to investigate the behaviors of a head disk interface (HDI) in ramp unloading processes. A dual scale model is enabled by decoupling the nano-meter scale change of an air bearing and the micro- or milli-meter scale deformation of a suspension. A modified Reynolds equation governing the air bearing was solved numerically. The slider design was characterized with performance functions. Three stages in an unloading process were analyzed with a lumped parameter suspension model. Key parameters for the model were estimated with a comprehensive finite element suspension model. Finally, simulation results are presented for a commercial HDI design.     

Dynamic instability of flying head slider and stabilizing design for near-contact magnetic recording

The dynamic instability of a flying head slider is described, and a design guideline is presented for a slider that can stably fly at a height of less than 5 nm. The current use of shrouded Rayleigh step-bearing slider has been a good way to increase air-bearing stiffness and damping while reducing meniscus adhesion and friction forces, but does not have enough ability to achieve a small flying height less than 5 nm. On the basis of meniscus interfacial force theory, I proposed a spherical pad slider that is inherently stable in the near-contact regime and that has high durability against intermittent contact, which is necessary for future high-density magnetic recording. This design concept is being partly realized by thermal flying height control technique.     

Air-lubrication of magnetic disk sliders

Steady-state and dynamic flying of a self-acting magnetic disk slider over a hard disk are considered. Some tasks for computations are formulated and the possibilities of developed numerical codes are illustrated. Numerical results of dynamic flying over a disk surface with an obstacle are in agreement with experimental data.     

Heat transfer and friction characteristics of solar air heater duct having protruded roughness geometry on absorber plate

Protruded roughness geometry is generally considered to be simple, an innovative and economic technique for improving thermal performance of solar air heater. Experimental investigation has been carried to study the effect of different shapes, position, and height of protrusions on heat transfer and friction characteristics of solar air heater duct for the range of parameters. Correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor have been brought out from the experimental data which can be further used for evaluating performance of solar air heater having the considered roughness geometry.     

Vibrational response of a moving suspension-slider loading system exciting a rotating flexible disk

To investigate the vibrational response of the magnetic read/write head in hard disk drives this paper models a rotating flexible disk excited by a moving suspension-slider system which is considered to be a mass-dashpot-spring loading system, with the initial unstressed transverse runout integrated into the rotating disk dynamic model. The slider motion on the disk surface is driven by the suspension rotating at a constant speed. By subtracting the steady-state deflection component from the instantaneous deflection response of the rotating disk system, the relative vibration transverse deflection of the slider caused by the motion of the suspension-slider loading system is obtained. The effects of the slider initial and final positions, speed of movement, the disk rotational speed, and the disk mode of the initial transverse runout on the maximum amplitude of the relative vibration deflection are analyzed.     

Head–disk interface problems in first-surface near-field optical recording with flying optical head

Near-field recording (NFR) technology using a flying optical head is applied for high density optical data storage. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) film and PFPE lubricant film are coated on utmost NFR disk to reduce the tribological problems. A contamination at the head–disk interface (HDI), especially on a solid immersion lens (SIL) is observed. The contaminants are composed of dust materials from the surroundings and lubricant materials from a disk surface. The contaminants are supposed to be condensed by heat from a writing laser beam at the HDI. To avoid the contamination problem, a cover-layer is coated and a focal plane moved under the cover-layer from the HDI. First-surface near-field recording configuration can be modified by laminating a cover-layer, which enhances the possibility of a practical application with a media removability function.