联合方位-径向速度的粒子滤波目标运动分析

纯方位目标运动分析方法要求观测平台有效机动才能估计目标运动状态,针对这一问题,联合径向速度与方位角作为测量信息对目标进行运动分析,但基于卡尔曼滤波算法进行解算需要已知粗略的目标状态初始值,且收敛时间较长、误差较大,不利于目标实时跟踪.针对以上问题,提出了一种基于粒子滤波的方位径向速度联合目标运动分析方法,建立目标运动状态分析的粒子滤波算法模型,对目标位置和速度等运动要素进行估计.在目标初始状态未知的情况下,一定程度上缩短了收敛时间,减小了估计误差,海试数据处理结果显示:相同条件下,与原有方法相比,本文所提方法收敛时间从35.1 min缩短至30.0 min;跟踪精度从6.1%提高至3.8%,且无需已知目标状态初始值。      

利用频域β-warping变换的浅海修正纯方位目标运动分析方法

针对纯方位目标运动分析方法收敛时间较长的问题,提出了一种利用频域β-warping变换的浅海修正纯方位目标运动分析方法.该方法利用频域β-warping变换从声强干涉结构中提取与目标距离成线性关系的时延,进而估计距离特征量,并利用距离特征量推导得到的目标状态向量的线性约束修正纯方位扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。数值仿真结果表明,对于浅海匀速直线运动目标,在信噪比不低于8 dB的情况下,与常规纯方位扩展卡尔曼滤波算法相比,改进算法将距离估计的收敛时间由26.5 min缩短至11.5 min.在浅海水平不变波导远场条件下,该方法可以快速稳定地估计距离特征量,并能够对目标进行可靠地跟踪定位。      

声场干涉结构相似度匹配的目标运动参数估计

针对水中运动声源定位问题,建立了一种基于声场干涉结构谱向量相似度匹配的目标运动参数估计方法。结合声场干涉结构水平纵向相关特性,利用目标辐射噪声LOFAR谱图中不同频率的谱值序列,基于两方位-两距离目标运动要素计算方法获取的目标距离解向量,构造声场干涉结构谱向量相似度匹配代价因子,实现目标运动参数估计。仿真数据与试验数据验证结果表明:在绘制的目标运动要素解算结果可视化分布图中可清晰呈现出目标初距、航向和速度结果。该算法实现过程简单、解算效率高,对目标方位误差有较好的鲁棒性。      

逆合成孔径激光雷达机动目标运动补偿成像算法

逆合成孔径激光雷达(ISAL)成像运动补偿中,包络对齐的精度直接影响了相位误差估计精度.当目标速度和加速度较大时,距离包络严重倾斜且相位误差较大,图像无法进行良好聚焦.针对上述问题,在高精度成像模型的基础上提出了一种基于Nelder-Mead单纯形法和粒子群优化的全局联合运动误差补偿算法.首先,利用单纯形法估计目标速度,完成包络对齐.然后,将包络对齐过程获得的目标速度作为相位误差估计中参数初始化的约束条件.最后,用粒子群优化算法对各运动参数进行全局搜索并得到最优解,实现高精度运动参数估计及高阶相位误差补偿,得到聚焦良好的二维图像.实验结果表明,本算法的参数估计误差主要分布在±0.2％以内,参数估计精度和抗噪声性能均优于传统ISAL成像算法.     

基于大数据分析的移动对象轨迹预测方法

对移动对象的轨迹预测将在移动目标跟踪识别中具有较好的应用价值。移动对象轨迹预测的基础是移动目标运动参量的采集和估计,移动目标的运动参量信息特征规模较大,传统的单分量时间序列分析方法难以实现准确的参量估计和轨迹预测。提出一种基于大数据多传感信息融合跟踪的移动对象轨迹预测算法。首先进行移动目标对象进行轨迹跟踪的控制对象描述和约束参量分析,对轨迹预测的大规模运动参量信息进行信息融合和自正整定性控制,通过大数据分析方法实现对移动对象运动参量的准确估计和检测,由此指导移动对象轨迹的准确预测,提高预测精度。仿真结果表明,采用该算法进行移动对象的运动参量估计和轨迹预测的精度较高,自适应性能较强,稳健性较好,相关的指标性能优于传统方法。     

基于极大似然目标状态估计的传感器管理

依据贝叶斯概率知识,采用一种极大似然的最优化方法来估计目标运动的状态估计值。基于极大似然目标状态估计方法不仅可通过最优化策略求解目标状态估计值的显示解,还可处理各种关于观测变量和状态变量的约束条件。依据目标状态估计的误差协方差矩阵与其Fisher信息矩阵间的紧密联系,详细推导似然函数关于目标状态各个分量的偏导。采用随机离散时间系统的知识,推导出对角式Fisher信息矩阵的所有对角线上的各个元素。以Fisher信息矩阵的迹范数作为传感器管理中的最优代价函数,采用0-1整数规划算法来求解传感器的分配矩阵。最后利用某仿真算例来验证方法的有效性.     

三维信息测量的运动声源无源测距

针对运动声源无源测距问题,给出了目标方位、多普勒频移和距离特征量作为测量信息来估计目标初始距离的方法。通过伪线性化的处理方法,构造了一个异方差的线性模型。在声呐平台直航条件下,证明了非径向运动的声源目标,利用3个目标方位、2个多普勒频移和2个距离特征量的观测信息,可以唯一地确定目标的距离、速度和航向,而仅利用目标方位和距离特征量的观测信息,系统是不可观测的。蒙特卡洛数值模拟表明:对于初始距离5 nm(海里)的情形,三维信息测量方法比参考方法的目标距离的平均收敛时间要少200 s左右,收敛时间标准差要少40 s左右。随着初始距离的增加,两种方法收敛时间差有变大的趋势,这意味着三维信息构造的方法的稳健性优于参考方法。实验数据也进一步验证了在300 s左右,目标距离的估计逐渐趋于收敛。因此,该方法可以在稳定的干涉结构条件下,实现运动声源的无源定位。      

基于矢量传感器复声强测量的低空目标二维波达方向估计

提出了一种基于三维压差式矢量传感器复声强测量的低空目标二维波达方向(DOA:Directions Of Arrival)估计方法。利用矢量传感器在低频段的良好特性,实现了小尺寸声阵条件下的高精度目标DOA估计。采用实测的直升机辐射噪声数据验证了该方法的有效性,研究了传感器尺寸、积分时间和信噪比对目标DOA估计精度的影响。性能分析表明,在小尺寸声阵条件下,新方法优于基于时延估计的测向方法。该研究为实现低空运动目标的无源声学探测提供了一种新的技术途径。     

基于线性光谱模型和支撑向量机的软硬分类方法

针对硬分类方法中无法解决的混合像元问题及软分类方法中全图共用一套端元进行混合像元分解所带来的弊端,提出了一种新的软硬分类方法。该方法通过分析目标地物在图像中的分布情况,自动计算判别阈值,将图像分为目标地物纯净区域、目标地物混合区域和非目标地物区域。对于目标地物纯净区域和非目标地物区域采用硬分类方法(支撑向量机)快速提取分类信息;对于目标地物混合区域采用软分类方法(端元可变的线性混合像元分解)提取目标地物丰度信息,最后得到目标地物软硬分类结果。通过对北京地区ALOS图像的应用试验,并将新方法与支撑向量机、线性光谱混合模型进行比较,新方法的RMSE值为0.203,总量精度达到95.48%,高于支撑向量机和线性光谱混合模型。实验结果表明,新方法能够有效解决混合像元问题,提高图像分类精度。     

用子空间旋转不变法同时估计水下多目标的距离和方位

提出了一种可在单次回波内同时完成方位和时延估计的高分辨新方法,它采用于空间旋转不变法（ＥＳＰＭＴ方法）的思路构造两个子阵,通过对其自相关矩阵和互相关矩阵的广义特征分解,用特征值估计多目标方位,用特征向量估计多目标时延,利用特征值和特征矢量的对应关系自动实现方位和时延参数的配对．计算机仿真结果表明,该方法的分辨能力、估计精度和正确配对概率都优于常规方法,较好地实现了水下多目标距离和方位的同时估计及配对,进而可对多目标进行定位．     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.