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1.
纤维素是由葡萄糖组成的大分子多糖,是世界上最丰富、最便宜、最容易获得的天然聚合物。纤维素作为最古老最丰富的天然高分子在研究中备受关注,纤维素的可控性取决于其分子量、大小和结构,而拉曼光谱具有“指纹特性”,可以对不同的纤维素纤维进行鉴别,也能对历史老化的纺织纤维材料进行鉴别。然而纤维素作为大分子多糖对其做理论仿真较为困难,该研究提出采用基本单元模拟大分子光谱这一方案,使用纤维素单体仿真拉曼光谱来分析纤维素大分子的光谱性质。使用Gaussian 16软件基于密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-31g(d, p)的基组条件下,计算了不同外电场(-0.01~0.03 a.u.)下的纤维素单体的拉曼光谱,以及纤维素双链节的拉曼光谱。研究表明,在无外电场作用下,纤维素单体的拉曼光谱主要在449、 597、 842、 1 127、 1 361、 1 395和3 005 cm-1处有特征峰,对其做振动分析,结果表明这些拉曼峰分别是由环(C6—C4—O20)伸缩振动、 C—C—H扭曲振动、环(C4—O20—C2)伸缩振动、糖苷键(C2—O1—C8)的伸缩振动、 CH2  相似文献   

2.
在能源紧缺和环境恶化的双重压力下,农林生物质替代化石资源生产生物燃料、化学品及生物基材料的研究和开发,已成为国内外众多学者关注的热点。全面了解农林生物质原料的化学组成及其结构特性是高效利用农林生物质的基础。作为一种无损的检测技术,现代拉曼光谱能够在原位状态下提供植物细胞壁区域化学和主要组分结构特性信息。本文简述了拉曼光谱成像技术原理,概括了拉曼光谱在植物细胞壁主要组分的结构分析、纤维素和木质素的微区分布及其分子排列等方面的研究进展,以促进该技术在植物细胞壁研究中的应用。  相似文献   

3.
4.
近场拉曼光谱在纳米结构表征中的应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
近场拉曼光谱是近场光学领域中的新型技术,因其可对纳米结构进行光谱表征而备受科学研究者的关注。 文章从光学的角度简述了将近场光学与拉曼光谱相结合成为近场拉曼光谱的原理,介绍了近场拉曼光谱技术的优势,详细阐述了近场拉曼光谱在单壁碳纳米管、生物样品、热电晶体、染料分子等纳米结构表征中的应用,展现了近场拉曼光谱技术广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

5.
血红蛋白发挥多种重要生理功能,但对其结构及功能的认识尚不能满足疾病诊治的需求。拉曼光谱在血红蛋白结构及功能研究中具有很大应用潜力,不但可以检测血红蛋白中血红素及其周围分子结构变化,还可以反映血红蛋白反应动力学具体过程。同时,血红蛋白拉曼光谱在疾病状态下异常血红蛋白检测,血氧饱和度定量测定及血液代用品的高铁血红蛋白含量检测中突显优势。本文综述了拉曼光谱在血红蛋白结构及功能领域中的研究,简述了拉曼光谱在一些病变血红蛋白诊断中的研究进展,分析了影响血红蛋白拉曼光谱检测的因素,以促进拉曼光谱技术在血红蛋白结构和功能研究中的应用。  相似文献   

6.
 认识拉曼光谱1928年印度实验物理学家拉曼发现了光的一种类似于康普顿效应的光散射效应,称为拉曼效应。简单地说就是光通过介质时由于入射光与分子运动之间相互作用而引起的光频率改变。拉曼因此获得1930年的诺贝尔物理学奖,成为第一个获得这一奖项并且没有接受过西方教育的亚洲人。拉曼散射遵守如下规律:散射光中在每条原始入射谱线(频率为ν0)两侧对称地伴有频率为ν0+νi(i=1,2,3,…)的谱线,长波一侧的谱线称红伴线或斯托克斯线,短波一侧的谱线称紫伴线或反斯托克斯线;频率差νi与入射光频率ν0无关,由散射物质的性质决定,每种散射物质都有自己特定的频率差,其中有些与介质的红外吸收频率相一致。  相似文献   

7.
拉曼光谱技术在爆炸物检测中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
姜杰  李明  张静  高静 《光散射学报》2013,25(4):367-374
随着恐怖活动的蔓延,对爆炸物的检测和溯源变得越来越重要。拉曼光谱能够提供化合物的指纹图谱,是对物质定性分析的有力工具,具有无损、快速、准确度高等优点,近年来在爆炸物检测领域被广泛应用。本文介绍了共聚焦显微拉曼光谱、空间偏移拉曼光谱、表面增强拉曼光谱等拉曼光谱技术在爆炸物检测方面的应用及最新研究进展。  相似文献   

8.
拉曼光谱在骨组织研究中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
拉曼光谱具有快速、无损、能同时提供无机和有机成分信息,包括矿物晶格和胶原蛋白二级结构信息等特点,在骨组织研究中有着重要应用。本文结合本课题组工作,对骨组织的光谱背景处理、拉曼光谱在骨的力学性能、骨科疾病、成像研究以及活体检测等方面的应用进行了综述。  相似文献   

9.
拉曼光谱研究天然FeS2晶须结构及其相变规律   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
利用显微激光拉曼技术研究了山西耿庄天然纳-微米FeS2晶须的结构.发现FeS2晶须中有白铁矿和黄铁矿两种结构类型.较粗的藕节状、粗柱状、串珠状等不规则形貌为白铁矿相,直线状、平直、表面光滑的品须为黄铁矿相.耿庄FeS2晶须结晶生长早期以白铁矿相为主,中期是白铁矿和黄铁矿型结构共存,晚期以黄铁矿相为主.晶须生长过程有早期白铁矿结晶向晚期黄铁矿结晶转变的趋势.而且有黄铁矿包覆白铁矿的生长现象.FeS2晶须结构相变规律与形貌、形成时间和成分特点具有关联性.  相似文献   

10.
拉曼光谱在考古中的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王吉有  王闵  刘玲  郝伟 《光散射学报》2006,18(2):130-133
拉曼光谱分析是一种无损快速分析技术,随着显微拉曼光谱仪的不断改进和FT—显微拉曼光谱仪的使用,它已经用于珍贵艺术品、手稿、颜料、古陶瓷和壁画等领域的考古和鉴定研究。本文对这些应用进行了简单概述。  相似文献   

11.
进行了天然气组成分析-激光拉曼光谱法标准化研究,探讨了激光拉曼天然气组成分析方法标准化的可行性。采用激光拉曼光谱进行天然气组成分析,无需将天然气中各组分分离便可实现多组分同步检测,减少分析时长,提高测量的实时性,实现快速分析,通过国内外激光拉曼天然气分析方法和标准的研究和实验,掌握了国内外激光拉曼天然气分析方法技术现状及发展方向,积累了激光拉曼天然气分析试验数据,结果表明激光拉曼天然气分析具有可快速检测(10 s)、连续记录和操作简单的优点,适用于天然气录井、井站、集气站原料气气质分析和天然气净化处理中过程控制中实时快速获取气质数据,建议制定激光拉曼光谱天然气分析方法标准,测量组分为CO2,N2,H2S,CH4,C2H6,C3H8,测量范围分别为:CH4:75%~99.9%,C2H6:0.005%~20%,C3H8:0.005%~10%,H2S:0.001 5%~10%,N2:0.02%~10%,CO2:0.01%~10%(上述浓度均为摩尔分数),为上游领域天然气勘探开发及过程控制服务。  相似文献   

12.
    
Ionic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) belong to the amphiphile family: they possess a long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain and a polar hydrophilic headgroup. In a polar solvent and over the critical micellar concentration these molecules join to form micelles. The micellar solutions, in turn, if doped with various ligands tend to aggregate. Solid SDS, micelles of SDS in water and micelles of SDS doped with two types of macrocyclic ligands, Kryptofix 2.2.2 (K222) and crown ether 18‐Crown‐6 (18C6), at different concentrations are studied by Raman scattering, that represents a new approach to such systems. The experimental Raman spectrum, obtained on crystalline powders of SDS, is compared with the ab initio computed spectrum in order to assign the vibrational bands. After discriminating sensitive peaks by comparing the crystalline powders of the single components and their water solutions, the aggregation process and the action of the ligands are analyzed following the evolution of the intensity and wavenumber of these characteristic Raman peaks. This shows that Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to the aggregation dynamics and to the effects induced by the hydration layer on the molecules in solutions. A saturation effect in the aggregation process with the increase of the ligand concentration is observed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
    
Densely packed hafnium tungstate blocks were synthesized by rapid solidification with a CO2 laser. It is shown that the optimum synthesis conditions for HfW2O8 are around 700 W laser power and 1 mm/s scan speed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation shows that the blocks consist of oriented nano‐threads/rods that grew horizontally on the surface region and vertically in the interior. The orientations of the nanostructures are governed by the heat transfer directions on the surface and in the interior. Raman spectroscopic and X‐ray diffraction studies show that the samples solidified in the cubic structure with minor contents of the orthorhombic phase. This is explained by a compressive stress induced during the rapid solidification process due to a sudden drop of temperature of the molten pool to the ambient. The stress is estimated to be about 0.6 GPa by comparison with high‐pressure Raman study. Some specific Raman bands appear in the samples synthesized with the laser synthetic route but not in the sample by solid‐state reaction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
    
We studied the experimental Raman spectra of various commercial silica nanoparticles of average diameter from 7 to 40 nm and specific surface from 50 to 380 m2/g. We found that the peculiarities of the particles Raman spectra systematically depend on their specific surface. In detail, the peak position of the R band at about 440 cm−1 shifts towards high wavenumbers following an almost linear dependence on the specific surface. Similarly, the amplitudes of the D1 and D2 bands, at about 495 and 605 cm−1, respectively, increase linearly with the same quantity. Our results are interpreted in the frame of the shell model for the nanoparticles clarifying that the network of the core of the nanoparticles is comparable to the bulk silica materials, whereas the surface shell has a ring statistic shifted to the low member rings and features an higher density. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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16.
The magnetization, Raman spectroscopy, and ferroelectricity of multiferroic GdMn2O5 as a function of temperature and magnetic field are investigated. The complicated magnetic transitions at low temperatures are featured with anomalous Raman mode shifts, dielectric response, and ferroelectricity generation, indicating the significant spin–phonon coupling. It is argued that this coupling is possibly responsible for the electrical polarization generation associated with the incommensurate–commensurate transition.   相似文献   

17.
    
As one of the milestones in early-era nonlinear Raman studies, Akhmanov et al. [Sov. Phys. JETP 47 , 667 (1978)] and Koroteev et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 43 , 398 (1979)] have demonstrated that polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy can resolve overlapping spectral lines that cannot be resolved by means of spontaneous Raman scattering spectroscopy and argued that the resolution of this method is unlimited. Here, we show that information theory offers useful insights into this remarkable result. We demonstrate that spectral super-resolution attainable in polarization CARS can be understood in terms of the Fisher information and the pertinent Cramér–Rao lower bound. We show that, with a suitable polarization arrangement, coherent Raman scattering can be tailored to yield super-resolving spectral modes that provide a nonvanishing Fisher information even for deeply sub-Rayleigh spectral features, preventing the variance of spectral measurements from diverging no matter how fine these spectral features are. When the nonresonant coherent background scattering can be efficiently suppressed, the Fisher information of such super-resolving modes reaches its upper bound as dictated by its quantum version—the quantum Fisher information.  相似文献   

18.
《应用光谱学评论》2013,48(2-3):139-168
Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are essential analytical tools for the structural analysis of paper and pulp chemistry. The studies of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, thermal- and photo-induced oxidation; cross-linking; and various chemical treatments of pulp and paper products are all made possible using these forms of molecular spectroscopy. In this review, containing 70 references, a broad range of applications into pulp and paper materials, components, and processes is described from recent and classic research over predominantly the past 20 years.  相似文献   

19.
针对天然纤维素清洁制浆新型连续生产工艺,提出了采用近红外漫反射光谱测定天然纤维素(棉、木浆粕)清洁浆料中α-纤维素含量。收集了142个天然纤维素清洁浆料样品,采用GB/T 9107—1999方法(化学分析方法)测定其α-纤维素含量。通过粉碎预处理提高样品的均匀性,继而压入旋转杯采集光谱。采用簇类独立软模式(SIMCA)方法建立了有效的棉浆粕和木浆粕的分类模型,模型识别率达到100%。基于偏最小二乘(PLS)法分别建立的全部样品以及分类棉、木浆粕的α-纤维素含量定量校正模型相关系数分别为0.954,0.911和0.839,SEP分别为2.4%,1.2%和1.6%,模型预测精密度与GB方法的允差接近,表明该方法是可行的,且操作简单,分析速度快,对提高天然纤维素清洁浆料α-纤维素含量分析效率和指导其连续生产具有积极意义。  相似文献   

20.
    
Time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy, spatially offset Raman spectroscopy and time‐resolved spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (TR‐SORS) have proven their capability for the non‐invasive profiling of deep layers of a sample. Recent studies have indicated that TR‐SORS exhibits an enhanced selectivity toward the deep layers of a sample. However, the enhanced depth profiling efficiency of TR‐SORS, in comparison with time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy, is yet to be assessed and explained in accordance to the synergistic effects of spatial and temporal resolutions. This study provides a critical investigation of the depth profiling efficiency of the three deep Raman techniques. The study compares the efficiency of the various deep Raman spectroscopy techniques for the stand‐off detection of explosive precursors hidden in highly fluorescing packaging. The study explains for the first time the synergistic effects of spatial and temporal resolutions in the deep Raman techniques and their impact on the acquired spectral data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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