两种电场结构下离子运动轨迹模拟与实验对比研究

结合最新的离子与分子碰撞模型,编写在Simon 7.0平台下的离子运动模拟程序,实现了在漂移管电场中离子运动轨迹的模拟,开展在两种漂移管电极结构即均匀电场和周期性聚焦电场下离子的运动轨迹模拟与质子转移反应质谱(PTR-MS)实验检测对比研究,得到了常见有机物的可探测灵敏度,发现周期性聚焦电场PTR-MS的性能总体上要比均匀电场PTR-MS好,可探测灵敏度增加了5～9倍,显示了通过对离子运动轨迹的理论模拟在仪器性能优化与改进上的优势,同时该方法具有用于提高其他质谱检测仪器灵敏度的巨大潜力.     

离子检测仪器中离子运动轨迹模拟研究

结合Simon 7.0程序编程,将最新而又最经典的离子与分子碰撞模型即Monte Carlo算法应用于离子运动轨迹模拟.本文以离子检测分析技术中的代表质子转移反应质谱(PTR-MS)检测技术为例,结合PTR-MS实验条件,实现了在1.0 Torr和298.15 K条件下对处于均匀电场漂移管中反应离子H3O+的运动轨迹模拟.根据离子运动轨迹模拟和统计分析,为离子检测分析技术性能优化进而提高离子的透过率提供理论支撑和参考,该理论模拟方法在提高离子检测分析技术及其同类检测仪器灵敏度方面显示出一定的应用优势和潜力.     

离子检测仪器中新型直流—射频聚焦电场电极结构性能研究

基于直流—射频电极结构对离子的径向和轴向聚焦理论,以离子检测仪器中质子转移反应质谱检测技术为例,对该新型电极结构展开理论和实验研究,相比于静电场电极结构,直流—射频聚焦电场电极结构的性能更好,丙酮产物离子强度提高了近10倍,初步的实验结果表明该结构对于提高离子相对透过率具有较大潜力,同时,该新型直流—射频聚焦电场电极结构对于提高其他类型的离子检测仪器性能将具有一定的应用潜力和参考价值.     

均匀带电细棒和带电圆环电场的计算机模拟

为了可以更直观地观察带电粒子在复杂电场中的运动轨迹以及描述电场的空间分布,本文基于库仑定律和电场叠加原理,应用VPython软件,对均匀带电有限长细直棒和均匀带电圆环的电场的空间分布进行了可视化模拟;并模拟探究了带电粒子在带电圆环电场中的运动形式,对于简单的周期性运动,我们在理论上计算了带电粒子运动周期,并与模拟的结果相比较做了相关的讨论;模拟探究了带电粒子多种复杂的运动形式,预测了带电粒子在圆环电场中运动可能出现的混沌现象。     

带状注速调管高频结构的初步研究

 利用3维软件设计并模拟了适用于X波段高功率带状注速调管的“Ⅱ”形谐振腔，根据模拟结果分析了腔体各尺寸对电场均匀性的影响；建立了平面对称结构的3维高频互作用系统模拟平台，应用此平台讨论了扼流器法和漂移管窄壁开槽法这两种抑制漂移管中非工作模式的方法；分析了漂移管的尺寸及漂移头对谐振腔内场分布的影响。研究表明：波导高度、耦合腔宽度和高度对带状注速调管谐振腔间隙的电场均匀性影响较大；而波导长度和宽度、耦合腔长度对该电场均匀性影响不大；腔体连接处加上漂移头可使场分布更加集中；该型带状注速调管谐振腔能够产生均匀的电场，为提高注波互作用效率奠定了基础。     

飞行时间质谱峰值的漂移

飞行时间质谱仪(time-of-flight mass spectrometer,TOF-MS)在分子团簇的激光电离/解离动力学研究中广泛使用.文章报道了在用脉冲355 nm的YAG激光进行水/甲醇二元团簇的多光子电离研究中,发现在电离激光相对于脉冲分子束的不同延时下,即激光作用于脉冲束的不同位置,飞行时间质谱仪测得的离子的质谱峰值发生漂移.在激光作用于脉冲束的中段时,离子的信号最强,同时离子的峰值漂移达到最大.分析认为:这种峰值漂移不是因为新质量数谱峰的出现,而是离子在穿越质谱仪的离子引出区和加速区极板时发生部分离子吸附,引起极板间电压的起伏造成的.离子在电场起伏下的数值模拟与实验中观测到的离子峰值漂移规律一致.     

等效电路模型在漂移管直线加速器场稳定性调制中的应用

漂移管直线加速器(DTL)通过采用杆耦合器加速结构,实现加速电场的稳定性。为了分析电场稳定性的调制机理,简要说明DTL的腔体结构,并对其进行集总参数的等效模拟,给出等效电路分布。最后着重对耦合杆与漂移管之间相互作用的等效电容进行了仿真研究。针对上述电路分布,采用电路理论分析了高频场扰动及稳定性的实现机理。通过将稳定结构下的等效电容求解结果与该电容的模拟仿真值进行比较,得出稳定状态下的耦合杆与漂移管之间间隙取值的合理区间。最后通过对不同调节条件下的扰动电场进行仿真分析,一定程度上验证了结论的正确性。     

负径向电场对荷电粒子运动的影响及其数值模拟

从负径向电场产生的电漂移改变荷电粒子运动的极向运动速度着手，推导出在负径向电场存在时安全因子的表达式，分析了安全因子对荷电粒子漂移位移和运动轨迹的影响。建立了在负径向电场条件下，荷电粒子在梯度磁场和曲率磁场中运动数学模型。通过数值模拟，获得了通行粒子、香蕉粒子的漂移位移和运动轨迹所呈现出的新特点和规律:负径向电场改变了荷电粒子的最大漂移位移。当荷电粒子的极向运动速度增加时，最大漂移位移减小，反之增大；改变了荷电粒子的运动轨迹，通行粒子的轨亦可能变为香蕉粒子的轨迹，香蕉粒子的轨迹可能变为通行粒子的轨迹，当电场达到足够的强度时，均成为在极向上顺时针运动的通行粒子轨迹。     

圆波导硅探测结构对X波段电磁波模式的响应

采用数值模拟和理论分析方法,研究了圆波导内置n-Si探测结构对X波段几种常用电磁波模式的电场响应。首先基于强电场下的热载流子效应,设计了一种利用n-Si进行高功率脉冲实时测量的圆波导探测结构。接着采用三维并行电磁场时域有限差分方法,模拟研究并分析了TE11(两种极化方向)、TM01和TE01模式作用下圆波导探测结构内的横向电场分布特点。结果表明:不同模式下探测芯片内的横向电场均以径向电场为主,径向和角向电场幅度比约为10,而芯片在圆波导内引入的横向电场驻波比均不大于1.3。最后推导了圆波导探测结构在不同模式电场作用下的灵敏度表达式,理论分析指出了探测结构的最大承受功率与圆波导模式有关,最高可达422MW,响应时间则均为ps量级,初步证实了该探测结构可用于X波段百MW级脉冲波源在线探测的可行性。     

飞行时间质谱仪中的离子峰漂移机理研究

文章报道了三乙胺分子在激光波长为266nm的YAG脉冲激光器下的共振多光子电离飞行时间质谱,研究发现随着激光功率密度的增加,各质量数的碎片离子的飞行时间有减小的趋势,即质谱峰发生漂移。离子的质荷比越小,信号强度越大,质谱峰漂移越明显。分析认为,飞行时间质谱峰的漂移是瞬间加减速效应和网栅吸附双重作用的结果。对于产生的碎片离子数目较少的激光电离中,网栅吸附引起的漂移占优势,但当激光电离产生的碎片离子数目较多时,瞬间加减速效应将显现。在飞行过程中受电压起伏变化影响的数值模拟与实验中获得的离子峰漂移状况相一致。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.