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1.
碳遮光石英气凝胶传热机制与热性能数值模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
建立了碳遮光石英气凝胶传热机制及热性能数值模拟方法,在交叉立方阵列导热模型、热辐射传输谱带模型、辐射导热耦合传热模型基础上,采用蒙特卡罗方法与有限体积法数值模拟了气凝胶内的热辐射传输及辐射导热耦合传热,并以表观导热系数描述气凝胶传热性能.以某石英气凝胶为例,定量模拟了热性能、各种传热方式的作用及温度依赖性,分析了应用Rosseland扩散近似引起的误差.  相似文献   

2.
结合血液流动的Navier-Stokes方程与人体组织的Pennes生物传热方程建立了球形肿瘤组织的多物理场耦合模型,研究了血管分布位置、血管半径和血液流速等因素对肿瘤组织温度场和治疗效果的影响。结果表明:在热疗过程中,血管会对肿瘤组织产生冷却效果;同时血管的半径和血流速度的变化也会影响肿瘤区域的温度场分布,随着血管半径和血流速度的增加,血管附近的温度值越低。此外,相比外部血管,肿瘤内部血管对肿瘤区域具有更明显的降温效果,对热疗效果的不利影响也更强。  相似文献   

3.
激光诱导间质肿瘤热疗的数值模拟和实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文在考虑生物组织物性动态变化的情况下建立了激光诱导间质肿瘤热疗(LITT)的物理数学模型,采用MonteCarlo方法数值模拟了LITT中激光能量在生物组织内的传输过程,基于Pennes生物传热方程和Arrhenius方程数值求解了组织内的温度分布和热损伤体积的变化,分析了热物性及血液灌注率的动态变化对LITT过程的影响,并与相应的离体实验结果进行了对比。数值模拟结果表明,组织的热物性及血液灌注率的动态变化对于热损伤体积的变化具有重要的影响。因此在激光诱导间质肿瘤热疗的数值模拟中应该考虑热物性及血液灌注率的动态变化以期为临床治疗方案的制定提供更为准确的依据。  相似文献   

4.
药物与生物膜相互作用的研究对于了解药物药效和改善其生物性能具有重要的意义。但生物膜的组成复杂,直接研究药物活性成分与生物膜的相互作用比较困难。以脂质体作为生物膜模型,研究了吴茱萸碱与脂质体的相互作用,分析了吴茱萸碱分子在脂质体中的包封位置,探讨了吴茱萸碱抗炎作用可能的作用机制。以二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)为膜材,应用薄膜分散法制备含有不同摩尔百分比(x)的吴茱萸碱脂质体,应用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和差示扫描量热(DSC)技术分析随着脂质体中药物摩尔百分比的增大,DPPC分子各红外特征吸收峰频率、峰形及量热参数的变化情况,从而探讨药物在脂质体中的包封位置及吴茱萸碱分子对脂质体膜流动性的影响。实验数据表明,在0<x<10 mol%的浓度范围内,DPPC头部区域磷酸基团的不对称伸缩振动频率没有明显变化,脂质体相变温度和相变焓均随药物摩尔百分比的增大而减小。在0<x<5 mol%浓度范围内,DPPC界面区域的水化的羰基峰的吸收波数由1 726.0 cm-1增加到1 731.8 cm-1,当x=10 mol%时,该波数又减小到1 728.0 cm-1。在10 mol%≤x<20 mol%浓度范围内,磷酸基团的不对称伸缩振动的波数由1 242.0 cm-1减小为1 236.3 cm-1,水化的羰基峰的吸收频率没有明显变化,脂质体相变温度和相变焓均随药物摩尔百分比的增大而增大。纯DPPC脂质体中亚甲基的对称伸缩振动波数为2 848.4 cm-1,载药后该波数都增大到2 850.3 cm-1。这些结果表明吴茱萸碱在脂质体中的包封位置具有浓度依赖性:在0<x<10 mol%浓度范围内,吴茱萸碱主要作用于DPPC分子的疏水尾链区域,少部分药物分子作用于DPPC分子的界面区域。在10 mol%≤x<20 mol%浓度范围内,吴茱萸碱分子则主要作用于DPPC分子的头部区域,少部分药物分子作用于DPPC分子的疏水尾链区。所有载药脂质体的相变温度均低于纯DPPC脂质体的相变温度,即不同浓度的吴茱萸碱均可以使脂质体的膜流动性增加,并且,当药物摩尔百分比为10 mol%时,吴茱萸碱对生物膜流动性的增加效应最为明显。研究工作对于进一步揭示吴茱萸碱与生物膜的相互作用机制具有重要意义。  相似文献   

5.
杨志春  吴锋  郭方中  张春萍 《物理学报》2011,60(8):84303-084303
将辛数学引入热声系统网络模型的处理,通过对热声系统网络传输矩阵的分析,证明系统中等温流体管道内工质运动的传输矩阵为辛矩阵.存在温度梯度的热声回热器中气体工质微团的传输矩阵不是辛矩阵,但是可以通过变量代换将传输矩阵转换为辛矩阵,使整个热声系统网络传输都可用辛矩阵传输来表示.辛对称的形式有助于热声系统网络模型的分析与计算. 关键词: 辛 热声 网络模型 传输矩阵  相似文献   

6.
回热式发动机利用多孔介质回热器在气缸中的往复运动,实现气固之间的热交换,促进均匀混合气的形成,从而实现均质和稳定的燃烧.本文利用改进的KIVA-3V程序对Ferrenberg所提出的回热式发动机模型进行了二维数值模拟.发动机以甲烷为燃料,采用了详细的反应机理.通过数值计算讨论了两个主要的工况参数,孔隙率和燃料喷射量对发动机燃烧温度的影响.计算模拟表明,多孔介质的孔隙率越大,甲烷的喷射量越多,气缸内的高温区域也最大.  相似文献   

7.
激光束照射下内压柱壳热爆破数值模型   总被引:13,自引:5,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
 建立了研究内压柱壳在激光束照射下的破坏实验的热弹塑性数值模型。采用了与应变速率有关的耦合热传导分析,考虑了材料物理性质随温度的变化,考虑了内压是预先加载,考虑了热变形对结构刚度和荷载的几何非线性效应;采用子结构方法把耦合热传导分析和热弹塑性分析的区域局限在一个较小的范围内。数值结果与文献[1]的实验大致吻合,这表明本文建立的数值模型可以有效地描述这种“热软化”破坏的全过程。  相似文献   

8.
本文提出了一种对热疗中肿瘤周围的正常组织或器官实施降温保护的方法.该方法的原理是向需保护的组织或器官区域注射相对低温的保护液.为验证其可行性,本文对射频热疗中采用该方法后组织的传热过程进行了深入的数值研究.结果表明,注射低温保护液方法可有效地防止肿瘤周围正常组织或器官在热疗中受到热损伤.  相似文献   

9.
肿瘤微波热疗的温度场预示及热损伤研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文将热损伤的产生和影响引入到肿瘤的微波热疗中。运用微波能量比吸收率SAR的分布分析了微波在组织中的传输和吸收过程,并对微波热疗过程中的温度场、热损伤分布以及血液灌注率的变化进行了数值模拟。  相似文献   

10.
高星辉  张承云  唐冬  郑晖  陆大全  胡巍 《物理学报》2013,62(4):44214-044214
由于其在通信领域潜在的应用前景, 非局域空间孤子一直是研究热点. 但空间非局域暗孤子由于其边界的特殊性, 对其特别是稳定性方面研究甚少. 提出了非局域暗孤子稳定性分析理论, 并对热非线性体介质中1+1维基态和二阶暗孤子的稳定性进行了数值分析和研究, 得到了稳定性图. 从稳定性分析图可知: 在热非线性体介质中, 1+1维基态暗孤子在其存在区域总是稳定的, 而1+1维二阶暗孤子是震荡不稳定的, 其不稳定区域的宽度与传播常数以及介质的非局域程度有关. 为了验证非局域暗孤子稳定性分析理论的正确性, 对加噪声初始输入的传输进行数值模拟得到了传输图, 传输图表明稳定性分析理论的正确性. 关键词: 非局域 稳定性 暗孤子  相似文献   

11.
The strategy to efficiently deliver antitumor drugs via nanocarriers to targeted tumor sites and achieve controllable drug release is attracting great research interest in cancer therapy. In this study, a novel type of disulfide‐bonded poly(vinylcaprolactam) (PVCL)‐based nanogels with tunable volume phase transition temperature and excellent redox‐labile property are prepared. The nanogels are hydrophilic and swell at 37 °C, whereas under hyperthermia (e.g., 41 °C), the nanogels undergo sharp hydrophilic/hydrophobic transition and volume collapse, which enhances the cellular uptake and drug release. The incorporation of disulfide bond linkers endows the nanogels with an excellent disassembly property in reducing environments, which greatly facilitates drug release in tumor cells. Nanogels loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) (DOX‐NGs) (DOX‐NGs) are stable in physiological conditions with low drug leakage (15% in 48 h), while burst release of DOX (92% in 12 h) can be achieved in the presence of 10 × 10?3 m glutathione and under hyperthermia. The DOX‐NGs possess improved cell killing efficiency under hyperthermia (IC50 decreased from 1.58 μg mL?1 under normothermia to 0.5 μg mL?1). Further, the DOX‐NGs show a pronounced tumor inhibition rate of 46.6% compared with free DOX, demonstrating that this new dual‐responsive nanogels have great potential as drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy in vivo.  相似文献   

12.
The development of anticancer drug delivery systems based on biodegradable nanoparticles has been intended to maximize the localization of chemotherapy agents within tumor interstitium, along with negligible drug distribution into healthy tissues. Interestingly, passive and active drug targeting strategies to cancer have led to improved nanomedicines with great tumor specificity and efficient chemotherapy effect. One of the most promising areas in the formulation of such nanoplatforms is the engineering of magnetically responsive nanoparticles. In this way, we have followed a chemical modification method for the synthesis of magnetite/chitosan-l-glutamic acid (core/shell) nanostructures. These magnetic nanocomposites (average size ≈340 nm) exhibited multifunctional properties based on its capability to load the antitumor drug doxorubicin (along with an adequate sustained release) and its potential for hyperthermia applications. Compared to drug surface adsorption, doxorubicin entrapment into the nanocomposites matrix yielded a higher drug loading and a slower drug release profile. Heating characteristics of the magnetic nanocomposites were investigated in a high-frequency alternating magnetic gradient: a stable maximum temperature of 46 °C was successfully achieved within 40 min. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such kind of stimuli-sensitive nanoformulation with very important properties (i.e., magnetic targeting capabilities, hyperthermia, high drug loading, and little burst drug release) has been formulated for combined antitumor therapy against cancer.  相似文献   

13.
Lierke EG  Hemsel T 《Ultrasonics》2006,44(Z1):e341-e344
An improved concept for ultrasonic hyperthermia of tumors is presented. This concept is based on past experience of a German government supported project , which ended in 1984. It offers a low cost alternative to common RF- and microwave methods for hyperthermia of tumors with volumes between 1 and 40 ml at treatment times between 30 and 60 min. Our new version of the system considerably improves the temperature suppression in the healthy tissue around the target area and enables the adjustment of the beam width to the actual tumor size and the field geometry to the depth and shape of the tumor. The applicator can be used for moderate hyperthermia with tissue overheating up to 10K or for ablation therapy with short high temperature pulses. Its central area is free for the integration of a commercial ultrasonic diagnostic sector scanner or a Doppler flow sensor in order to support the adjustment of the transducer and to monitor the whole area during the therapy.  相似文献   

14.
Conventional hyperthermia enhances tumor response to radiotherapy through thermal cell inactivation and vascular shut-down, whereas mild hyperthermia potentiates the effect of radiotherapy by improving tumor oxygenation. The work reported here was aimed at investigating whether 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) measurements of tumor bioenergetic status; i.e., the (PCr + NTPbeta)/Pi resonance ratio, and/or the spin lattice relaxation times, T1s, of the Pi and NTPbeta resonances can be used to distinguish between the effects of conventional and mild hyperthermia. BEX-t human melanoma xenografts were treated at 43.0 degrees C for 15 or 60 min, and bioenergetic status and T1s were measured as function-of-time after treatment. Hyperthermia-induced effects on tumor blood flow was measured by using the 86Rb uptake method. The morphology of the capillary network in treated and untreated tumors was studied by histologic examination. Tumors treated for 15 min showed increased blood flow and dilated capillaries, whereas tumors treated for 60 min showed decreased blood flow and capillary occlusions; i.e., 43.0 degrees C for 15 min was a treatment consistent with mild hyperthermia and 43.0 degrees C for 60 min was consistent with conventional hyperthermia treatment of BEX-t tumors. Bioenergetic status increased after treatment at 43.0 degrees C for 15 min, and decreased after treatment at 43.0 degrees C for 60 min, similar to the blood flow. Likewise, the T1 of the Pi resonance increased after treatment at 43.0 degrees C for 15 min, and decreased after treatment at 43.0 degrees C for 60 min. The T1 of the NTPbeta resonance showed a similar change as the T1 of the Pi resonance, but less pronounced. Consequently, 31P-MRS measurements of tumor bioenergetic status and the T1 of the Pi resonance may perhaps be utilized to distinguish between vascular effects of mild and conventional hyperthermia.  相似文献   

15.
Super paramagnetic iron oxide Fe3O4 nanoparticles prepared via photochemical reaction in pure form were used for inducing hyperthermia to treat subcutaneous Ehrlich carcinoma implanted in female mice. Our results indicate that the mean temperature profiles at the rectum, periphery of the tumor surface and at the center of the tumor during hyperthermia treatment increased gradually. The maximum temperature achieved in the tumor center was 47±1°C after 20 min with radiofrequency exposures at 25 kW. The acquired magnetic resonance images identified apoptotic cells in the center of the tumor which were exposed to magnetic resonance hyperthermia (MRH). Apoptotic cells presented as dark signal intensity in the T1-weighted images which were further confirmed by pathological examinations. Also, the results revealed that the tumor size in the all mice exposed to MRH is still as the same as before the treatment, but the rate of tumor growth was very slow by comparing with the growth rate of the control group.  相似文献   

16.
Hyperthermic temperatures, with potential applications in drug/gene delivery and chemo/radio sensitization, may be generated in biological tissues by applying focused ultrasound (FUS) in pulsed mode. Here, a strategy for optimizing FUS exposures for hyperthermia applications is proposed based on theoretical simulations and in vitro experiments. Initial simulations were carried out for tissue-mimicking phantoms, and subsequent thermocouple measurements allowed for validation of the simulation results. Advanced simulations were then conducted for an ectopic, murine xenograft tumor model. The ultrasound exposure parameters investigated in this study included acoustic power (3-5 W), duty cycle (DC) (10%-50%), and pulse repetition frequency (PRF) (1-5 Hz), as well as effects of tissue perfusion. The thermocouple measurements agreed well with simulation outcomes, where differences between the two never exceeded 1.9%. Based on a desired temperature range of 39-44 °C, optimal tumor coverage (40.8% of the total tumor volume) by a single FUS exposure at 1 MHz was achieved with 4 W acoustic power, 50% DC, and 5 Hz PRF. Results of this study demonstrate the utility of a proposed strategy for optimizing pulsed-FUS induced hyperthermia. These strategies can help reduce the requirement for empirical animal experimentation, and facilitate the translation of pulsed-FUS applications to the clinic.  相似文献   

17.
肿瘤热疗计划中三维温度分布的不确定性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文采用Monte—Carlo方法对肿瘤热疗计划中组织的三维温度场进行了模拟,并研究了肿瘤区域、血液灌注率、 加热功率等参数的不确定性对组织温度造成的影响。本文结果对优化热疗参数及制定临床治疗方案具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

18.
Poor drug penetration through tumor tissue has emerged as a fundamental obstacle to cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the ability of cavitation instigated by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to increase convective transport of a model therapeutic in an in vitro tumor model. Cavitation activity was quantified by analyzing passively recorded acoustic emissions, and mass transfer was quantified using post-treatment image analysis of the distribution of a dye-labeled macromolecule. The strong correlation between cavitation activity and drug delivery suggests the potential for non-invasive treatment and monitoring.  相似文献   

19.
The challenges of nanoparticles, such as size‐dependent toxicity, nonbiocompatibility, or inability to undergo functionalization for drug conjugation, limit their biomedical application in more than one domain. Oval‐shaped iron@gold core–shell (oFe@Au) magnetic nanoparticles are engineered and their applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and controlled drug release, are explored via photo stimulation‐generated hyperthermia. The oFe@Au nanoparticles have a size of 42.57 ± 5.99 nm and consist of 10.76 and 89.24 atomic % of Fe and Au, respectively. Upon photo‐stimulation for 10 and 15 minutes, the levels of cancer cell death induced by methotrexate‐conjugated oFe@Au nanoparticles are sixfold and fourfold higher, respectively, than oFe@Au nanoparticles alone. MRI and OCT confirm the application of these nanoparticles as a contrast agent. Finally, results of in vivo experiments reveal that the temperature is elevated by 13.2 °C, when oFe@Au nanoparticles are irradiated with a 167 mW cm?2 808 nm laser, which results in a significant reduction in tumor volume and scab formation after 7 days, followed by complete disappearance after 14 days. The ability of these nanoparticles to generate heat upon photo‐stimulation also opens new doors for studying hyperthermia‐mediated controlled drug release for cancer therapy. Applications include biomedical engineering, cancer therapy, and theranostics fields.  相似文献   

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