孔径平均对自由空间光通信误码率的影响

研究了接收端孔径平均效应对自由空间光通信误码率的影响。对数辐射方差是反映接收孔径上某一点闪烁起伏的参量。如果自由空间光通信的误码率仅仅是和对数辐射方差有关,那么得到的就是点接收器的结果。对数辐射的协方差是与接收平面上某两点间距离有关的闪烁起伏参量。孔径平均效应意味着要将误码率和对数辐射的协方差联系起来。文中共考虑了两种模型:球面波和平面波,并假设接收孔径直径等于第一菲涅耳区尺度。分析的结果显示,孔径平均后的误码率有明显的减小。     

空间激光通信中光强起伏尺度特征的数值分析

利用数值模拟的方法,定量地计算分析了空间激光通信中光强起伏问题,得到了准直光束与聚焦光束光强起伏相关距离（不均匀元半径）随大气相十长度变化的结果;进而分别从接收效率和性价比等不同的角度对激光通信系统接收孔径选取的参考因素进行了探讨。根据现代光通信对误码率的最低要求定义最佳接收孔径,计算分析了聚焦光束空间激光通信系统最佳接收孔径随大气相干长度r0的变化关系。结果表明,最佳接收孔径随大气相干长度的减小而迅速增大。对于聚集光束空间激光通信而言,在大气相干长度ro约为4cm的强湍流效应情况下,通信系统的接收孔径接近5倍艾里斑直径,才能满足国际电信联盟-电信标准部对光通信的最低要求。     

部分相干光通过强湍流对通信系统误码率的影响

为研究部分相干光通过强湍流对系统误码率的影响,借助对激光在大气湍流场中的传输方程进行解析求解(忽略系统中其他噪声,仅考虑由大气湍流引起的系统误码率),得到不同湍流内尺度、传输激光波长和光源相干参数条件下,系统误码率和传输距离的关系.结果表明:在强湍流条件下,当发射天线数目达到一定时,随着传输距离的增加,系统误码率逐渐增大,但增大到一定程度后趋于饱和;光源相干参数越大,系统误码率越低;湍流内尺度越大,系统误码率越高;传输激光波长的变化对系统误码率无明显影响.     

Gamma-Gamma湍流信道中大气光通信系统误码特性分析

大气信道中的大气湍流是影响无线激光通信系统性能的主要因素之一, 其引起的强度闪烁效应会对接收信号的提取和还原造成很大干扰。基于Gamma-Gamma概率分布的大气湍流信道统计模型, 研究了利用副载波相移键控(PSK)强度调制技术的大气光通信系统的误码特性; 推导了副载波二进制相移键控(BPSK)及开关键控(OOK)两种调制模式下的系统误码率表达式; 对在一定条件下的大气光通信系统, 比较了副载波BPSK和OOK两种调制模式的误码特性; 分析了链路特征、接收口径尺寸、通信波长和天顶角等因素对系统误码率的影响。结果表明, 增大接收孔径和通信波长都能有效地降低系统误码率, 而天顶角的增大则会使系统误码率增加, 副载波BPSK调制模式的误码特性要优于OOK调制模式的误码特性。     

大气湍流像差对空间零差二进制相移键控相干光通信误码性能的影响

通过研究不同大气湍流条件下的系统误码率(BER)来说明大气湍流引起的波前畸变给零差二进制相移键控(BPSK)相干光通信系统带来的恶劣影响。结果显示,大气湍流引起的像差可以独立于系统信噪比(SNR)作用于相干光通信系统,导致误码出现。即使在SNR无限大的情况下,当接收光信号的波面峰谷值(PV)大于一个波长后,就容易出现误码;并且随着SNR的降低,对波面PV的要求更加严格。另外,大气湍流引起的光强起伏和相位畸变会导致相干混频效率急剧下降,从而增加系统误码率。     

大气湍流对轨道角动量态复用系统通信性能的影响

通过数值仿真,以多个相位屏模拟大气湍流,研究大气湍流对轨道角动量(Orbital Angular Momentum,OAM)态复用通信系统质量的影响.改变大气湍流折射率结构常量C2n和传输距离z,分析其对OAM态复用系统归一化接收功率、误码率等的作用.研究结果表明当大气湍流强度增加和传输距离增长时,复用系统归一化接收功率下降、误码率增加.当C2n增大到5×10-13 m-2/3时,系统归一化接收功率下降到0.2以下,误码率增大到0.3以上;当传输距离增大到10 000m,系统归一化接收功率下降到0.3以下,误码率增大到0.35以上.同时,对比不同方位角指数l取值的两个OAM态复用系统受大气湍流的影响,发现:l取值越接近的系统,受大气湍流影响越大.在等同光学信噪比下大气湍流导致OAM态复用系统误码率性能降低2至3个数量级.该研究对OAM态复用系统的实用化具有积极的参考作用.     

大气光通信中大气闪烁时间平滑效应研究

利用大气闪烁的时间平滑效应,增加光电探测器曝光时间是克服大气闪烁对大气光通信的瞄准、捕获、跟踪链路影响的有效途径之一.基于科尔莫戈罗夫谱,导出了弱湍流起伏区无限平面波和球面波的大气闪烁时间平滑因子的一般表达式,并且用几何光学近似得到了在大孔径和小孔径接收情况下的时间平滑因子近似表达式.在孔径远大于菲涅耳区尺度时,平面波和球面波的时间平滑因子的近似表达式与精确表达式的误差分别小于6%和3%.分析结果表明,孔径越小,时间平滑效应越显著,并且菲涅耳区尺度对时间平滑效应影响的程度也随着孔径的增加而减弱.     

大气湍流及瞄准误差联合效应下自由空间光通信的性能

研究了Gamma-Gamma大气湍流信道下闪烁和瞄准误差联合效应对自由空间光通信的性能影响。假定自由空间光通信系统采用开关键控(OOK)强度调制直接探测(IM/DD),推导得出了系统的误码率和中断概率闭合表达式,分析了大气湍流、归一化波束宽度、平均发射功率、归一化的抖动标准差、信噪比等参数对系统性能的影响。基于推导的闭合表达式进行了数值模拟,结果表明能够在给定发射功率下通过优化波束宽度使系统性能达到最优。     

大气湍流对空间光耦合至单模光纤的影响

 根据弱湍理论，考虑湍流强度闪烁、孔径平均效应、湍流波前畸变及耦合系统跟踪误差的影响，导出了空间光到单模光纤的平均耦合效率及耦合功率起伏方差模型。根据Hufnagel-Valley 5/7折射率结构模型，对下行连接及上行连接的平均耦合效率及耦合功率起伏进行了研究。仿真结果表明，对于下行连接，随着地面接收天线孔径的增大，相对功率起伏先是由于孔径平均效应而减小，而后由于湍流波前畸变的影响而逐渐增大；对于上行连接，可忽略湍流波前畸变及孔径平均效应的影响。     

基于自适应光学补偿的自由空间光通信系统性能研究

自由空间光通信在未来全球通信网中具有潜在的应用价值,然而自由空间光通信的性能易受大气湍流影响,而自适应光学能够解决大气湍流问题.在gamma-gamma分布大气湍流中,用自适应光学技术对自由空间光通信系统进行补偿,进行通信系统误码率的分析,给出了上行链路和下行链路的模拟结果.结果表明:自适应光学误差补偿技术能够很好地提高自由空间光通信的性能,并且低阶自适应光学补偿就能达到很好的校正效果.     

Performance of phase compensated coherent free space optical communications through non-Kolmogorov turbulence

The bit-error-rate (BER) performance of coherent free-space optical (FSO) links employing phase compensation techniques is investigated in weak non-Kolmogorov turbulence. Assuming that the amplitude fading and phase fluctuation follow lognormal model and Gaussian distribution respectively and using the expression of non-Kolmogorov turbulence in terms of Zernike polynomials, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the coherent receiver is analyzed and as a special case, a new closed-form expression using chi-square distribution is obtained. Thus, the influence of different compensation modes and normalized receiver diameter on BER performance is evaluated and an optimum normalized receiver diameter is suggested to achieve the minimum BER. Moreover, the impact of outer scale L₀ and the exponent value α in non-Kolmogorov spectrum is studied with the optimum diameter, which reveals that the BER has an obvious decrease with larger values of L₀ and α.     

Expressions of the scintillation index for optical waves propagating through weak non-Kolmogorov turbulence based on the generalized atmospheric spectral model

The high frequency “bump” which occurs in the turbulence spectral model just prior to the turbulence cell dissipation is important for the analysis of the irradiance scintillation for optical wave propagating through atmospheric turbulence. In this study, expressions of the irradiance scintillation index are developed from the generalized modified atmospheric spectral model for optical waves propagating through weak non-Kolmogorov turbulence. Compared with the expressions of the irradiance scintillation index derived from the general non-Kolmogorov spectral model, the new expressions can consider the influences of finite turbulence inner and outer scales and the influence of finite diameter aperture receiver. As the irradiance scintillation is caused mainly by the small scale turbulence cells' diffractive effects for weak turbulence, the turbulence outer scale's influence can be ignored. Numerical simulations show that variable inner scale values produce obvious effects on the irradiance scintillation for non-Kolmogorov turbulence.     

Capacity of wander and spread beams in log-normal distribution non-Kolmogorov turbulence optical links

We model the average channel capacity of optical wireless communication systems in weak turbulence horizontal channels, using the log-normal distribution models. The effects of beam wander and spread, pointing errors, turbulence inner scale, turbulence outer scale and the spectral index of non-Kolmogorov turbulence on system's performance are included. The model can evaluate the influence of the atmospheric turbulence conditions in the performance of a ground-to-train optical wireless communication system.     

Effect of atmospheric turbulence on propagation of ultraviolet radiation

We investigate the effect of atmospheric optical turbulence on ultraviolet (UV) radiation with a wavelength of 253.7 nm. The normalized irradiance variance (scintillation index) was measured using a UV scintillometer with a path length of 185 m. The dependence of the UV scintillations on the atmospheric turbulence structure parameter and inner scale was determined through simultaneous measurements of these quantities made with a visible laser scintillometer. The dependence of the UV scintillation index and its probability density function on receiver aperture size was also measured. It was found that the scintillation predicted by currently available models which take into account the effects of inner scale, saturation and aperture averaging was in good agreement with the measurements made under various conditions in weak turbulence.     

Phase compensation in non-Kolmogorov atmospheric turbulence

Zernike polynomial decompositions are used for investigating phase distortion induced by atmospheric turbulence in optical systems. Closed-form expression of the Zernike-coefficient variances is derived. The finite size of the receiver aperture is analyzed using the filter function which is also particularly effective in the theoretical analysis of lower-order aberrations like tilt terms and piston-removed phase variance. The outer scale of the non-Kolmogorov turbulence is considered. The result shows that the effect of finite outer scale attenuates low-order Zernike mode of optical distortion and longer outer scale can lead to more energy in the tilt terms. The generalized exponent can only enhance tilt terms and attenuate other Zernike modes of optical distortion. Further, for different outer scale and generalized exponent, the residual phase variance decreases with more modes of phase compensation.     

大气湍流尺度对部分相干光传输特性的影响

本文在考虑湍流内外尺度的情况下,对部分相干高斯谢尔模型光束在大气湍流中的传输特性进行了研究.主要采用考虑湍流内外尺度的修正Von Karmon谱模型,推导了部分相干光在大气湍流中的平均光强分布、光束扩展均方根束宽和漂移方差的解析式.对比分析了不同湍流强度情况下,湍流内外尺度对部分相干光在大气湍流中水平和斜程路径上传输特性的影响.结果表明:相同条件下,光束在大气湍流中传输时,沿斜程传输时的抗湍流能力强于水平传输;相比于大气湍流内尺度,大气湍流外尺度对光束漂移影响较大,外尺度对光束扩展与光强分布的影响较小,当湍流外尺度增大时,漂移现象会越来越严重;相比于大气湍流外尺度,湍流内尺度对光束扩展与光强分布的影响较大,当内尺度减小时,光束扩展现象越来越严重,光强分布也更分散,内尺度对漂移几乎无影响.     

伪部分相干高斯-谢尔模型光束在湍流大气中传播的闪烁孔径平滑效应

采用光传播的数值模拟方法, 对伪部分相干高斯-谢尔模型光束大气传播过程进行数值模拟, 统计分析不同接收口径内的光强起伏特性,计算闪烁的孔径平滑因子, 讨论了表征伪部分相干光的调制相位屏的相对变化频率对闪烁指数的影响, 并将其与充分发展的部分相干高斯-谢尔模型光束及完全相干光的闪烁指数对比. 结果表明: 降低光源相干性可大幅度降低闪烁指数, 但同时其闪烁指数的孔径平滑效应减弱, 在相同接收孔径下, 伪部分相干光闪烁指数的孔径平滑效果要比完全相干光差; 增大调制相位屏的相对变化频率可在一定程度上降低闪烁指数, 随着其相对频率的增大, 伪部分相干光的闪烁指数与部分相干光的结果趋于一致. 关键词： 伪部分相干高斯-谢尔模型光束 湍流大气 孔径平滑闪烁指数 数值模拟     

Analysis of marine atmospheric turbulence effects on infrared imaging system by angle of arrival fluctuations

For the long-range infrared imaging system, the marine atmospheric turbulence degrades seriously the probability of object recognition and tracking. In this study, the angle of arrival fluctuations of an optical wave, which describes the distortion effects of marine atmospheric turbulence on an infrared optical imaging system, is investigated in detail both analytically and numerically. Analytic expressions of the angle of arrival fluctuations are derived for optical plane and spherical waves propagating through weak marine atmospheric turbulence with horizontal path, and they consider simultaneously finite turbulence inner scale, turbulence outer scale, wavelength, and aperture diameters. Numerical calculations are conducted to analyze the influence of marine weak turbulence on the infrared imaging. The results are useful for understanding the potential impact of deviations from the terrestrial turbulence.     

星地激光通信中分布式接收阵列的特性研究

星地激光通信中,发射机对准误差及大气湍流会引起接收信号衰落,对带前置光放大的阵列接收机,分析了分布式接收阵列的抗衰落性能。研究表明,分布式接收阵列对发射机对准误差引起的衰落具有一定抑制作用,阵列中各子接收孔径之间的距离可根据发射机对准误差及湍流的强弱进行优化设计。与传统式阵列相比,分布式阵列可以采用更窄的发射光束宽度,降低对发射功率的要求。分布式阵列的另一个重要特性还在于:当实际发射机对准误差标准差大于设计值时,通过调整阵列各子接收孔径之间的距离,可以在很大程度上降低发射机对准误差引起的功率损失。