声子色散和磁场对极性晶体中极化子自陷能的影响

利用线性组合算符和幺正变换相结合的方法,研究了声子色散和磁场对极性晶体中极化子振动频率和自陷能的影响.计及纵光学(LO)声子色散,在抛物近似下导出了极性晶体中极化子自陷能随电子-纵光学声子耦合常数、回旋共振频率和声子色散系数之间的变化关系.数值计算结果表明极化子自陷能随电子-纵光学声子耦合常数、回旋共振频率和声子色散系数的增大而增大.     

磷化物三元混晶中电子-声子相互作用的维度和体积效应

考虑电子-声子耦合强度因维度而异,导出了描述三维、二维和一维混晶中电子-声子相互作用的哈密顿量。考虑构成三元混晶的两种二元晶体的晶格失配会使混晶体积随元素组分比改变,在推导三维、二维和一维三元混晶中极化子自陷能量和重整化有效质量时计入了离子相对位移与二元晶体原胞体积的关系。结果表明:磷化物三元混晶中极化子自陷能量和重整化有效质量随元素组分的变化关系呈明显的非线性特征,对晶格适配明显、电子-声子耦合较强的材料,体积效应不可忽略。维度越低,非线性特征和体积效应越明显。     

BaTiO3和Ce:BaTiO3晶体极性声子和电磁激元的喇曼散射研究

从声子-电磁激元频率色散关系的普遍公式出发,推导出了单轴晶体的Merten方程和电磁激元的频率色散关系。测量了BaTiO₃和Ce:BaTiO₃晶体的简正模和斜声子的喇曼散射谱,并根据Merten方程,拟合出了斜声子的方向色散曲线;记录了A₁类电磁激元在不同波矢值下的喇曼谱,观察到其频率色散现象.根据以上结果,对A₁(TO)模喇曼谱中两个宽的非对称峰的归属和BaTiO₃晶体的结构相变机制进行了讨论;计算出了这两种晶体的受夹介电常数;分析了掺Ce对BaTiO₃晶体结构的影响。 关键词：     

两耦合半无限超晶格中的局域界面声子-极化激元

采用转移矩阵方法，研究了含结构缺陷层的两耦合半无限超晶格(GaAs/AlAs)中的局域界面声子-极化激元模性质. 研究发现，含不同介电特性的缺陷超晶格结构中的局域界面声子-极化激元模在剩余射线区［ω_TO, ω_LO］的分布情况与数量存在不同，而且反对称模表现出不同的特征. 文中着重研究了缺陷层介电常数与角频率无关的缺陷超晶格，发现该结构中的局域界面声子-极化激元模对组分层的排列顺序与厚度、缺陷层的厚度以及横向波数有着不同程度的依赖.     

极性晶体中表面极化子的温度效应

有不少的极性晶体,电子与体纵光学声子的耦合弱,但与表面光学声予的耦合强.本文讨论电子和体纵光学声子耦合弱,与表面光学声子耦合强时对表面极化子的温度特性的影响,用线性组合算符法研究表面极化子的振动频率、诱生势和有效质量的温度依赖性.对AgBr晶体进行了数值计算,结果表明极化子的振动频率,诱生势和有效质量随温度的升高而减小.     

六方氮化硼薄膜对石墨烯-碳化硅结构近场热辐射的增强

六方氮化硼(hBN)具有跟石墨烯类似的层状结构和晶格参数,研究发现hBN薄膜具有良好的热传导、电绝缘、光学和力学等性能。本文从理论上研究了hBN薄膜对石墨烯-碳化硅(G/S)结构的近场热辐射的影响。研究发现在红外频段.hBN薄膜在低频率区和高频率区会增强G/S结构的近场热辐射,经计算在G/S结构中加入厚度为10 nm的hBN薄膜时获得的辐射热流是同物理条件下G/S结构的1.5倍;而在中频率区hBN薄膜的厚度阻碍了石墨烯表面等离激元和碳化硅表面声子极化激元的耦合,使得近场热辐射热流随hBN薄膜厚度增加而逐渐减弱。本研究的结果可为下一步实验与应用中对hBN薄膜厚度的选择提供理论基础。     

利用石墨烯等离激元与表面声子耦合增强量子摩擦

详细研究了以Si C为基底的石墨烯之间量子摩擦.由于Si C可以支持表面声子极化子,石墨烯可以支持表面等离激元,在一定的频率范围,表面声子极化子和等离激元能够耦合.发现相对于单纯石墨烯或Si C来说,由于表面声子极化子与石墨烯等离激元的共同作用,以Si C为基底的石墨烯之间的量子摩擦有很大的增强.此外,我们发现量子摩擦系数随石墨烯化学势的增加先增加后减小,摩擦系数可以取得最大值.本文的研究对于微/纳机电系统的制作具有积极的意义.     

极性晶体的表面或界面极化子

本文用动量和位置的线性组合作为算符,计算了极性晶体的表面或界面极化子的基态能量,结果表明,线性组合算符对于研究极性晶体的表面或界面极化子的性质也是适用的。 关键词：     

PbB_4O_7晶体的太赫兹光谱和软光学声子

对实验测量的PbB4O7晶体样品的太赫兹(1012Hz)光谱、拉曼光谱以及红外—可见—紫外光谱进行了分析.在0.25—2.5THz波段介电函数随频率变化曲线ε(ν)出现共振型尖峰.四方面的分析表明PbB4O7晶体中存在软光学声子:1)介电函数随频率的变化曲线ε(ν)满足LST(Lyddane-Sachs-Teller)关系;2)在共振峰的频率附近(3.10THz)有很强的拉曼散射峰;3)吸收系数随频率的变化曲线α(ν)满足极化激元的特征;4)透过晶体的光子的色散关系ν(k)发生断开的畸变.PbB4O7晶体中存在软光学声子的意义在于,在满足产生极化激元的条件下,透过晶体的光子的频率会发生劈裂,分为升高和降低的两支,有可能利用这种原理来改变光子的频率.     

三角晶格有耗色散光子晶体的能带结构分析

为探讨有耗色散媒质光子晶体的特性,引入一种计算有耗色散光子晶体能带结构的方法,基于有限元法将能带结构的计算简化为求解关于Block波矢的二次特征值问题,可以有效地得到色散材料光子晶体的能带结构和特征模.分析了三角晶格介质光子晶体能带结构并与现有方法对比,结果表明两种方法在TM模和TE模下得到的能带结构完全相同,验证了该方法的有效性.分析了无耗及有耗色散光子晶体的能带结构,发现无耗光子晶体场强集中于色散媒质与空气的接触面,并呈现出明显的表面等离激元特性,具有对称性,而有耗光子晶体场强减小,表面等离激元变弱,对称性被破坏.相关结果可为有耗色散光子晶体以及表面等离激元的研究提供参考.     

Surface and interface phonon-polaritons in freestanding quantum well wire systems of polar ternary mixed crystals

The surface and interface phonon-polaritons in freestanding rectangular quantum well wire systems consisting of polar ternary mixed crystals are investigated in the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Born–Huang approximation, based on the Maxwell's equations with the boundary conditions. The numerical results of the surface and interface phonon-polariton frequencies as functions of the wave-vector, geometric structure, and the composition of the ternary mixed crystals in GaAs/Al_xGa_1−xAs and Zn_xCd_1−xSe/ZnSe quantum well wire systems are obtained and discussed. It is shown that there are 10 and 8 branches of surface and interface phonon-polaritons in the two quantum well wire systems respectively. The effects of the “two-mode” and “one-mode” behaviors of the ternary mixed crystals on the surface and interface phonon-polariton modes are shown in the dispersion curves.     

Surface phonon–polaritons in rectangular quantum wires of polar ternary mixed crystals

In this paper, the dispersion relations of surface phonon–polaritons in freestanding rectangular quantum wire systems of polar ternary mixed crystals are derived. The numerical calculations for Al_xGa_1−xAs and Zn_xCd_1−xSe quantum wire systems are performed. The results reveal that the frequencies of surface phonon–polariton modes are sensitive to the geometric structures of the quantum wires, the wave-vectors in z-direction, and the compositions of the ternary mixed crystal materials. The effects of the “two-mode” and “one-mode” behaviors of the ternary mixed crystals on the surface phonon–polariton modes are also discussed.     

One and two mode behaviors of surface phonon-polaritons of ternary mixed crystal films

One and two mode behaviors of surface phonon-polaritons of ternary mixed crystal (TMC) films are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Born-Huang approximation, based on the Maxwell's equations with the usual boundary conditions. The numerical results for the frequencies and splitting energies of the surface phonon-polaritons as functions of the composition in several II-VI and III-V compound semiconductor ternary mixed crystal films are obtained. The “two-mode” and “one-mode” behaviors for different types of systems are clearly shown in the curves of the splitting energies of surface phonon-polaritons. The theoretical conclusion obtained is agreement with the reported experiment results for bulk TMC systems.     

Interface phonon-polaritons in quantum well systems of polar ternary mixed crystals

The interface phonon-polaritons in quantum well systems consisting of polar ternary mixed crystals are investi-gated. The numerical results of the interface phonon-polariton frequencies in the GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs, ZnSxSe1-x/ZnS, and ZnxCd1-xSe/ ZnSe quantum well systems are obtained and discussed. It is shown that there are six branches of interface phonon-polariton modes distributed in three bulk phonon-polariton forbidden bands in the systems. The electric fields of interface phonon-polaritons are also presented and show the interface locality of the modes. The effects of the ’two-mode’ and ’one-mode’ behaviours of the ternary mixed crystals on the interface phonon-polariton modes are shown in the dispersion curves.     

纤锌矿结构ZnO/Mg_xZn_(1-x)O量子阱中带间光吸收的尺寸效应和三元混晶效应

对于纤锌矿结构ZnO/MgxZn1-xO有限深单量子阱结构,考虑内建电场、导带弯曲及材料掺杂对实际异质结势的影响,利用有限差分法和自洽法数值求解Schr?dinger方程和Poisson方程,获得电子(空穴)的本征能级和本征波函数.进而,采用费米黄金法则讨论带间光吸收的尺寸效应和三元混晶效应.结果表明:三元混晶材料MgxZn1-xO中Mg组分的增加会增强垒层和阱层的内建电场强度,使得电子(空穴)平均位置靠近左(右)垒,导致带间跃迁吸收峰呈指数减小且发生蓝移;ZnO/MgxZn1-xO量子阱带间跃迁吸收峰随阱宽增大而减小,吸收峰发生红移.所得结果可为改善异质结构材料和器件的光电性能提供理论指导,以期获得实际应用所需的光学吸收频谱和波长.     

Theoretical investigation of phonon-polariton modes in undoped and ion-doped PPLN crystals

The properties of phonon-polaritons in one-dimensional undoped and ion-doped periodically poled superlattice lithium niobate (PPLN) crystals are studied theoretically. In this paper, we focus on the case that the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to the acoustic propagation vector. The phonon-polaritons are products of the coupling between electromagnetic and acoustic waves of mutually perpendicular propagations. Based on the theory of the phonon-polariton in PPLN, we investigate the phonon-polariton in ion-doped PPLN. The effects of the duty cycle and the impurities upon the properties of phonon-polaritons are discussed in detail. Some potential applications are also discussed.     

Optically nonlinear phonon-polariton modes in a three-layered structure

A theory is presented for the propagation of phonon-polariton modes arising when phonons are coupled to electromagnetic waves in multilayered structures. A multi-layered structure consists of a thin film surrounded symmetrically by a bounding media. Numerical calculations are given for s-polarized phonon-polariton modes in the case where the bounding media are assumed to be semi-infinite layers with nonlinear dielectric functions of ionic crystal type supporting optical phonon modes and the thin film is characterized by a Kerr-type nonlinear dielectric function. The phonon-polaritons were found to have distinct branches characteristic of optical phonons and showing features that are different from those of plasmon-polaritons [S. Baher, M.G. Cottam, Surf. Rev. Lett. 10 (2003) 13]. The parameters that modify the modes are the in-plane wave vector, the thickness of the film, the phonon frequency and the nonlinearity of each layer. It was found that by increasing the film thickness and nonlinearity coefficient, the curves move to the left and the number of the branches increases without changing the pattern of the curves.     

掺Gd3+的LiYF4∶Yb3+/Ho3+微米晶体制备以及在防伪中的应用研究

研究一种具有良好上转换发光性能的稀土掺杂发光材料,对于防伪技术领域具有非常重要的意义。为了改善LiYF₄∶Yb3+/Ho3+微米晶体的上转换发光性能,采用水热合成法成功制备了一系列Gd3+掺杂的LiYF₄∶Yb3+/Ho3+微米晶体,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的相纯度和晶体形貌尺寸进行表征;在980 nm激光激发下,通过荧光光谱测试对LiGd_xY_1-xF₄∶Yb3+/Ho3+微米晶体的上转换发光性能进行分析。首先,研究了LiGd_xY_1-xF₄∶Yb3+/Ho3+微米晶体的晶体结构、尺寸、形貌和上转换发光性能的影响。结果显示,LiGd_xY_1-xF₄∶Yb3+/Ho3+微米晶体样品的XRD衍射峰与四方相的LiYF₄标准卡（PDF#17-0874）特征峰的位置完全对应且没有其他杂峰,SEM实验结果显示晶体形貌为八面体形状,表明成功合成了纯四方相的LiGd_xY_1-xF₄∶Yb3+/Ho3+微米晶体;荧光光谱测试结果显示,样品的上转换发光强度随着Gd3+掺杂比例的升高呈现出先增强后减弱的趋势,并且在Gd3+掺杂浓度为30 mol%时达到最强。其次,进一步研究了Gd3+掺杂浓度30 mol%样品的上转换发光性能与激发功率之间的关系,激发功率为0.5~1.5 W。LiGd_0.3Y_0.49F₄∶Yb3+/Ho3+微米晶体的红色和绿色上转换发光强度之比(R/G)随着激发功率的增加只发生大约12%的变化,样品的上转换发光并没有因为激发功率的增加而发生明显的变色,仍然可以发出稳定明亮的绿色光。这一现象表明,Gd3+的掺入很好地改善了样品的上转换发光性能,这种稳定高效的发光性能保证了其良好的防伪性能。最后,将Gd3+掺杂浓度为30 mol%的LiYF₄∶Yb3+/Ho3+微米晶体粉末与丝网金属油墨按照一定比例混合制成丝网防伪油墨,通过丝网印刷技术在玻璃基底上印制了“西安”字样的防伪标识图案,经过干燥处理后在980 nm激光的激发下,发出明亮且稳定的绿色可见光,制成的防伪标识图案具有发光强度高、易于识别、不易脱落的特点,可被广泛应用于防伪领域。     

Band structure of collective modes and effective properties of binary magnonic crystals

In this paper a theoretical study of the band structure of collective modes of binary ferromagnetic systems formed by a submicrometric periodic array of cylindrical cobalt nanodots partially or completely embedded into a permalloy ferromagnetic film is performed. The binary ferromagnetic systems studied are two-dimensional periodic, but they can be regarded as three-dimensional, since the magnetization is non uniform also along the z direction due to the contrast between the saturation magnetizations of the two ferromagnetic materials along the thickness. The dynamical matrix method, a finite-difference micromagnetic approach, formulated for studying the dynamics in one-component periodic ferromagnetic systems is generalized to ferromagnetic systems composed by F ferromagnetic materials. It is then applied to investigate the spin dynamics in four periodic binary ferromagnetic systems differing each other for the volume of cobalt dots and for the relative position of cobalt dots within the primitive cell. The dispersion curves of the most representative frequency modes are calculated for each system for an in-plane applied magnetic field perpendicular to the Bloch wave vector. The dependence of the dispersion curves on the cobalt quantity and position is discussed in terms of distribution of effective “surface magnetic charges” at the interface between the two ferromagnetic materials. The metamaterial properties in the propagative regime are also studied (1) by introducing an effective magnetization and effective “surface magnetic charges” (2) by describing the metamaterial wave dispersion of the most representative mode in each system within an effective medium approximation and in the dipole-exchange regime. It is also shown that the interchange between cobalt and permalloy does not necessarily lead to an interchange of the corresponding mode dispersion. Analogously to the case of electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional photonic crystals, the degree of localization of the localized collective modes is expressed in terms of an energy concentration factor.     

Electromagnetic modes in semi-infinite photonic crystals

In a real photonic crystal, there exist three modes: propagation mode, evanescence mode and surface mode. Using ideal modal, semi-infinite photonic crystals, we study their effects on the transmission spectrum of photonic crystals, respectively. Because there exists only one air–crystal interface in a semi-infinite photonic crystal, no multiple reflection occurs and no evanescent modes and backward-propagating modes exist in this structure. The effects of the evanescence modes are studied by comparing the transmission spectrum of a finite-thickness photonic crystal slab and that of a semi-infinite photonic crystal. In addition, the effects of the backward-propagating modes are investigated using a coated semi-infinite photonic crystal structure. Finally, we study the effects of the surface modes, and find that the transmission spectrum of a semi-infinite photonic crystal is strongly dependent on its termination.