Monte Carlo法模拟油滴的理论分布

在密立根油滴实验中,应用Monte Carlo法数值地模拟实验室条件下可能的油滴带电量Q、平衡电压U和匀速运动时间t的理论分布,分别从三维分布、时间分布及数量方面比较3种选择油滴的标准,给出较合理的结论.     

密立根油滴实验的探究性数据处理方案

讨论了一种基于密立根油滴实验的探究性数据处理方法。通过分析平衡电压和下落时间的隐函数关系,并结合实验数据的具体分布推测出电荷的不连续性。在此基础上通过拟合二者的关系曲线计算出基本电荷的电量,从而还原了该实验富有的研究性内涵。     

密立根油滴仪测量粉尘荷电量的探讨

1.引言在静电除尘、静电分选和静电复印等应用领域,均需要对不同的粉体、尘粒和液滴进行荷电。研究不同颗粒在气溶胶中的荷电特性对于上述应用设备的改进,从而提高其效率和质量有着十分重要的意义。密立根油滴仪在实验教学中一直被用于测量油滴的荷电量,而本文测量了两种粉尘在电晕放电条件下的荷电特性,从而显示出密立根油滴仪在工业应用和科学研究中的广泛应用前景。     

做好密立根油滴实验的两点体会

密立根油滴实验的原理简明易懂，操作也不难．但要做好这个实验，并不是件轻而易举的事．在密立根油滴实验中，关键的问题是密文很油滴实验仪的视场亮度的调节和用油的选择．因为视场的明暗程度，直接影响对油滴的观察效果和测量误差；油的质量好坏，直接影响实验能否正常进行．下面结合东南大学生产的MOD—4型密立根油滴仪，谈谈我是如何将密立根油滴仪的机场亮度调至恰到好处和用油选择的体会．将密立根油滴仪的视场亮度调至恰到好处的具体方法是：（）转动照明灯室的灯珠座，使电珠的聚光束正对前方的导光棒．（2）检查导光棒两端面有…     

密立根油滴运动的理论研究

讨论了密立根油滴运动的规律,为作好密立根油滴实验提供依据。     

密立根油滴实验人为操作引起的误差探析

针对密立根油滴实验由于人为操作引起的误差进行了探究与分析,重点分析了下落时间t、平衡电压U、下降距离L三种操作引起的误差.结合相应的图示,对不同误差组进行了分析,最后给出了与理论分析一致的结论.     

计算机编程在密立根油滴实验中的应用

用直线函数拟合了环境温度与空气粘滞系数的关系,并利用Visual Basic编写了密立根油滴实验的数据处理程序,提高了计算油滴带电量的准确性。利用Visual Basic程序的可视化界面形式体现,简化了数据处理过程。利用Origin软件对实验数据进行处理,直观显示了平衡电压、下落时间与油滴所带电荷数的关系。     

数字化密立根油滴实验仪

对传统的密立根油滴实验仪进行改进,利用A/D采样等技术,将测量所得到的平衡电压、油滴下降时间等数据及时记录保存并计算,用于实时检测验证实验结果,并可上传至教学网站平台,做存档备查.     

密立根油滴实验的数据处理

在用加权平均方法处理密立根油滴实验数据时,提出了一种较科学的权值：Wk=k^2.     

计算机编程在密立根油滴实验中的应用简

用直线函数拟合了环境温度与空气粘滞系数的关系,并利用VisualBasic编写了密立根油滴实验的数据处理程序,提高了计算油滴带电量的准确性。利用VisualBasic程序的可视化界面形式体现,简化了数据处理过程。利用Origin软件对实验数据进行处理,直观显示了平衡电压、下落时间与油滴所带电荷数的关系。     

Droplet transient migration and dynamic force balance mechanism on vibration-controlled micro-texture surfaces

In this paper, forced vibration was used to regulate the droplet migration, fully recording the transient migration of droplets on a micro-textured substrate under the resonance frequency by a high-speed camera. The influence of resonance frequency and dynamic migration characteristics of droplets on the solid micro-texture surface under lateral vibration were researched. The experiment demonstrates that the driving force is caused by the difference between the left and right contact angles made the droplet oscillate and migrate, and as time t increases, the left and right contact points are periodically shifted and the amplitude of migration increases. Therefore, based on the droplet migration behavior and its force balance mechanism, a spring vibration model of migration behavior of the vibrating droplet micro unit was set up to predict the complete trajectory of its migration on a solid surface. The calculation results show that the theoretical displacement is less than the experimental displacement, and the longer the time, the larger the difference. Affected by the vibration, part of the droplet permeates through the micro-texture, resulting in the droplet losing height and the contact angle becoming smaller as well. While the other part of droplet overcomes the internal surface tension to migrate.     

Negative corona discharge from a water droplet under the pulsating DC field

Corona discharge from a fine water droplet always involves deformation of the droplet shape or Taylor-cone formation, emission of fine water jets or disruption of droplet. Therefore, corona discharge from a water droplet always manifests complicated aspects. In addition, disruption of Taylor cone simultaneously affects not only discharge current but also motion of water droplet. To confirm corona discharge phenomena from a water droplet protruded from a tip of a metal capillary tube with a diameter of 1 mm, negative corona discharge was investigated by using a water droplet located at a tip of grounded rod electrode facing a ring electrode with positive dc voltage superimposed by ac one. Since the droplet has inherent resonant vibrating frequency defined by the size or volume, the volume of water droplet was adjusted at 20 nL where the corresponding resonant frequency was 500 Hz. The period of the event of successive corona discharge is exactly consistent with resonant frequency defined by the size of the water droplet. As a result, corona pulse trains with a definite duration appeared intermittently corresponding to its resonant vibration. When dc voltage superimposed by ac voltage with resonant frequency of 500 Hz was applied to the water droplet, corona pulse trains appeared at the period corresponding to the frequency. The maximum value of corona current reasonably increased with the applied voltage. Even when the frequency of ac field superimposed on dc field was varied from the resonant frequency, corona pulse trains occur corresponding to not only the superimposed field frequency but also resonant frequency.     

电压模式BUCK变换器输出延迟反馈混沌控制

将输出时间延迟反馈控制(TDFC)引入到电压模式BUCK变换器控制中，实现了对原系统的混沌控制.利用谐波平衡法，基于频域量化分析，确定出延迟时间和反馈增益的调节范围.同时在延迟时间比开关周期小得多的情况下，将TDFC等效为一类简单的无源反馈控制，二者仿真控制结果基本一致.最后搭建该无源反馈控制电压模式BUCK变换器实验电路，验证了所提控制方式可以快速实现系统混沌态到单周期态的过渡，而且电压和电流纹波得到减小.     

Electro-optical properties of dielectric liquid microlens

We report the electro-optical properties of dielectric liquid droplets based on dielectrophoretic effect. Due to dielectric force, the surface of each droplet can be reshaped which in turn alters its focusing behaviors. Our experimental results show that a deformed droplet can recover to its original shape with a negligible hysteresis. Both amplitude and frequency of the applied voltage play important roles affecting the droplet's shape change. The rise time is mainly governed by the applied voltage: for a given frequency a higher voltage results in a faster rise time. On the other hand, the decay time is jointly determined by the interfacial surface tensions, droplet size, and viscosity of the employed liquids.     

基于兰姆波在倾斜镜子基板上的油水微分离实验*

该文提出利用兰姆波在倾斜的镜子基板上推动油水混合液滴,实现油水的微分离。实验主要研究了油水混合液滴在分离过程中的运动位移特性关系。运用Navier-Stokes、声流力等方程进行理论分析,发现混合液滴在分离过程中水滴所受到的驱动力大于油滴。通过对实验多变量的控制、单一变量的研究、建立油水混合液滴在倾斜镜子基板上受力平衡方程,发现激发电压、油水混合比例、基板倾角三个因素对油水微分离位移实验有着重要的影响。结果表明:当基板倾角和油水混合比例一定时,油水分离位移随着激发电压的增大而减小;在激发电压和基板倾角不变时,油水分离位移随着油水混合比例的减小而减小;当激发电压和油水混合比例不变时,油水分离位移随着基板倾角的增大而减小。该油水分离方法可以被应用到其他非压电基板上,为获得其他两种不相溶混合液滴的分离提供技术支持。     

A discrete droplet transport model for predicting spray coating patterns of an electrostatic rotary atomizer

Electrostatic spray (E-spray) coating is widely used for coating conductive substrates. The combination of a high-velocity shaping air, an imposed electric field and charged droplets, leads to higher transfer efficiency than conventional spray coating. In this paper, a mathematical model of droplet transport in E-spray is presented which enables simulating the coating deposition rate profile. A dilute spray assumption (no particle–particle interactions) allows modeling single-droplet trajectories resulting from a balance of electrostatic force, drag and inertia. Atomization of liquid droplets is not modeled explicitly—rather an empirical correlation is used for the mean droplet size while individual droplet sizes and starting locations are determined using random distributions. Strong coupling requires the electrostatic field and droplet trajectories be determined iteratively by successive substitution with relaxation. The influences of bell-cup voltage and atomization constant on the coating deposition rate profile, mass transfer efficiency and droplet trajectories are also shown. Using individually predicted droplet trajectories and impact locations, a static coating deposition rate profiles is determined. For the parametric values considered in this paper, the predicted spray is a cone hollow with no deposition in the center, a heavy ring near the center, and a tapering of thickness toward the outer edge.     

Formation and droplet size of EHD drippings induced by superimposing an electric pulse to background voltage

The effect of electric voltages on droplet size was investigated. Results show that both background voltage and amplitude of electric pulse could affect the process of droplet formation and droplet size while the width of pulsed voltage had a slight effect on droplet size. Pulsed voltages introduced a tangential electric stress that led to relatively greater droplet formation while greater background voltage was associated with smaller droplets. Due to different components of the normal and tangential electric stress three dripping modes were created. Based on above observations, a simplified discussion is presented on the relationships between droplet size and above parameters.     

Optical switch using a deformable liquid droplet

An optical switch based on a deformable liquid droplet is demonstrated. The device consists of a clear liquid droplet surrounded by a black liquid. In the voltage-off state, the incident light is absorbed by the black liquid. As the voltage increases, the dielectric force reshapes the droplet by uplifting its dome. As the dome touches the top substrate, a clear channel is opened, allowing the incident light to pass through. Once the voltage is removed, the deformed droplet relaxes back to its original shape and the channel is closed. Devices based on such an operation mechanism have potential applications in light shutters, variable optical attenuators, adaptive irises, and displays.     

Droplets sliding on fibres

We present the results of a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of oil droplets sliding on fibres. First, both the axisymmetric shape and the motion of a droplet on a vertical fibre are described. The motion is shown to result from a balance between the droplet weight and the viscous stresses. On a long-term range, the droplet loses some mass through coating the fibre, which decreases its velocity. In a second time, we rationalize the behaviour of a droplet that encounters a junction between vertical and horizontal fibres. Depending on its size, the droplet may cross the junction or remain blocked. The transition is well described by an ordinary differential equation equivalent to a damped harmonic oscillator truncated to the neighbourhood of the horizontal fibre. This simple system is the basic element for more complex fiber networks that would be useful in microfluidic applications involving droplets.     

Dielectrowetting driven spreading of droplets

The wetting of solid surfaces can be modified by altering the surface free energy balance between the solid, liquid, and vapor phases. Here we show that liquid dielectrophoresis induced by nonuniform electric fields can be used to enhance and control the wetting of dielectric liquids. In the limit of thick droplets, we show theoretically that the cosine of the contact angle follows a simple voltage squared relationship analogous to that found for electrowetting on dielectric. Experimental observations confirm this predicted dielectrowetting behavior and show that the induced wetting is reversible. Our findings provide a noncontact electrical actuation process for meniscus and droplet control.