蚕丝蛋白的NMR研究——Ⅰ.桑蚕及柞蚕的液体高分辨NMR研究

本文在Bruker AM-500 NMR谱仪上,测试了河南桑蚕、辽宁柞蚕(黄茧和人工白茧)丝素在三氟乙酸溶液中的~1H和~(13)C NMR谱,归属了丝蛋白中主要氨基酸的NMR谱线。实验结果显示了桑、柞丝素中氨基酸含量的差异,但柞蚕黄茧和人工白茧丝素的NMR谱图相近。     

蚕丝蛋白的NMR研究Ⅰ.桑蚕及柞蚕的液体高分辨NMR研究

本文在Bruker AM-500 NMR谱仪上,测试了河南桑蚕、辽宁柞蚕(黄茧和人工白茧)丝素在三氟乙酸溶液中的¹H和¹³C NMR谱,归属了丝蛋白中主要氨基酸的NMR谱线。实验结果显示了桑、柞丝素中氨基酸含量的差异,但柞蚕黄茧和人工白茧丝素的NMR谱图相近。     

蚕丝蛋白的NMR研究——Ⅲ.天蚕茧层固态~(13)C CP—MASNMR研究

本文分别测定了东北天蚕茧和龙(?)天蚕茧各内,中,外三层茧层的固态~(13)CCP-MASNMR波谱,对其谱峰进行了归属,估算了谱峰区主要谱线在该区所占的比例,还计算了各个茧层丝蛋白中无定形状态所占的百分含量。谱图显示了东北天蚕茧层与龙(?)天蚕茧层丝蛋白结构的差异。     

蚕丝蛋白的NMR研究Ⅲ.天蚕茧层固态13C CP-MASNMR研究

本文分别测定了东北天蚕茧和龙蛓天蚕茧各内,中,外三层茧层的固态¹³C CP-MASNMR波谱,对其谱峰进行了归属,估算了谱峰区主要谱线在该区所占的比例,还计算了各个茧层丝蛋白中无定形状态所占的百分含量。谱图显示了东北天蚕茧层与龙(蛓)天蚕茧层丝蛋白结构的差异。     

蚕丝蛋白的NMR研究Ⅱ.桑、柞蚕丝及其丝素的13C CP-MAS NMR研究

本文在Bruker AC-250和MSL-400谱仪上,首次测试了河南桑蚕茧、丝素及柞蚕黄茧、人工白茧和丝素的固态¹³C CP MAS NMR谱,归属了¹³C NMR谱线,并揭示了白茧和黄茧二级结构的差异。     

蚕丝蛋白的NMR研究——Ⅱ.桑、柞蚕丝及其丝素的~(13)C CP—MAS NMR研究

本文在Bruker AC-250和MSL-400谱仪上,首次测试了河南桑蚕茧、丝素及柞蚕黄茧、人工白茧和丝素的固态~(13)C CP MAS NMR谱,归属了~(13)C NMR谱线,并揭示了白茧和黄茧二级结构的差异。     

红外光谱法测定天蚕茧层丝蛋白结构

本文用红外光谱法测定了天蚕暗层丝蛋白结构,发现新的天蚕茧某种程度被氧化,且河南天蚕茧比东北天蚕茧氧化更甚些。确认龙蚝天蚕不同于东北及河南天蚕茧层丝蛋白结构,而是一种新的蚕丝蛋白。用柞蚕茧氧化实验证明了东北及河南天蚕茧１５３０ｃｍ＾－１谱峰强度降低的原因及其１３２０ｃｍ＾－１和７７０ｃｍ＾－１两谱峰的由来,并对后面两个谱峰给予了归避。     

用拉曼光谱研究蚕丝蛋白的结构与功能的关系

本文用拉曼光谱研究了蚕丝蛋白在不同状态时的构象，发现丝纤维的构象是以ｐ一折迭为主，而蚕丝腺体中未拉伸过的丝蛋白是以无规卷曲和α－螺旋为主。同时也用拉曼光谱方法验证了蚕吐丝过程中丝蛋白产生变住的机制。     

ESR法考察龙胆酸的氧化——柞蚕茧丝中龙胆酸的鉴定

本文用电子自旋共振波谱法研究了龙胆酸在碱性水溶液中的氧化,发现了一种新的自由基谱,通过自旋密度和超精细偶合常数的计算,给出了该自由基物种的结构模式,推测出龙胆酸在碱性水溶液中的氧化过程。作为柞蚕茧中龙胆酸的ESR检测方法,对测定的条件和一些影响因素进行了考察、     

蜘蛛牵引丝不同溶剂伸缩特性及丝蛋白构象变化的研究

动物丝纤维的特殊性能与丝蛋白的构象密切相关,本文对蜘蛛牵引丝的不同溶剂下的收缩率和水处理的构象变化进行了研究。水中蜘蛛丝收缩最大,达到50%;通过红外光谱分析,对水处理的丝蛋白的构象进行了研究,结果表明丝蛋白β折叠结构增加,而β转角变化很小。氢键受到水分子的影响高频组份与低频组份比例发生变化,进而对酰胺I谱带的C=O的振动的频率产生影响,使C=O的电子云密度降低,酰胺I频率向低频方向发生移动,这说明酰胺I的振动频率与氢键是紧密相关的。     

Topochemistry,optical anisotropy and FT-IR microspectroscopy of the cocoon of Lithurgus chrysurus (Hymenoptera,Megachilidae)

A previous study has not revealed the participation of a mucous component in the cocoon wall of the solitary bee, Lithurgus chrysurus, differing from the cocoon structure reported for many other bee species. However, uncertainty remains, because only the median and rear zones of this cocoon type have thus far been analyzed. Here, we studied the front zone of this cocoon, searching its components and their organization, to fill this knowledge gap. Topochemical assays, polarization microscopy and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy were used to study cross sections from L. chrysurus cocoon. Three main layers differing in structural organization were found to compose the cocoon wall. Silk fibroins were assumed to constitute the filamentous threads of the inner and outer layers and the laminar structure of the intermediate layer. Deduced from its topochemical properties and FT-IR spectral signature, a foamy material containing mucin glycoproteins and carboxylated acid glycosaminoglycans was found in the intermediate layer. FT-IR analysis using a Savitzky-Golay 2nd-derivative and absence of linear dichroism and birefringence phenomena suggest that a random-coil secondary structure predominates in the foam component. Co-existence of α-helical and β-sheet conformations is also hypothesized for the fibroin component of this cocoon. It is thus concluded that in addition to fibroin elements, a mucous component, likely contributed by a Malpighian tubule secretion, integrates the composition of the front zone of the cocoon wall of L. chrysurus. In addition, the FT-IR analysis of the inner layer silk of this cocoon suggests significant differences in comparison to the silk fibroins of the silkworm, and some minor spectral differences in comparison to published data on the honeybee silk, with respect to protein secondary structure.     

白僵蚕的红外指纹图谱鉴别研究

采用红外光谱技术研究了健康蚕,不同季节和品种的白僵蚕醇溶部位的红外指纹图谱,采用共有峰率和变异峰率双指标序列法对其图谱的结构特征进行了分析鉴别。结果表明：白僵蚕醇溶部位具有稳定而独特的红外指纹图谱。健康蚕的红外指纹图谱与白僵蚕的红外指纹图谱明显不同,两图谱共有峰率仅为63.0%,变异峰率较大,健康蚕相对于白僵蚕变异峰率达41.2%;不同品种、不同季节的白僵蚕的红外指纹图谱相似,但也存在一定差异,其中不同品种的白僵蚕的红外指纹图谱最低共有峰率为76.0%,最高为92.0%,春季与秋季白僵蚕醇溶部位的红外指纹图谱共有峰率为73.1%。白僵蚕醇溶部位的红外指纹图谱可以用作鉴定白僵蚕,区别不同品种和季节的白僵蚕的一种手段。     

Simultaneous species and sex identification of silkworm pupae using hyperspectral imaging technology

To obtain high-quality raw silk and improve the economic values of sericulture industry, sex needs to be discriminated first before cross-breeding. Much work has been reported about sex identification. However, to realize automatic separation of silkworm pupae, the species also needs to be classified, which no research has ever explored. Hence, this paper studied the feasibility of visible and near-infrared hyperspectral imaging technology to identify the species and sex of silkworm pupae. 288 hyperspectral images of silkworm pupae were collected and the average spectra were extracted from the region of interest, around the tail region of silkworm pupae. Successive projection algorithm was served as a variable selection method to choose the optimal wavelengths from the full spectra. At the same time, principal component analysis was used to choose the characteristic images. Then, the gray-level co-occurrence matrix was implemented on the first three principal component images (accounted for 99.05% of the total variances) to extract 48 textural features. Partial least squares discriminant analysis and support vector machine models were built, respectively, based on the spectral data, textural data and fusion data that included spectral and textural data, in which the support vector machine model based on the fusion data, gave the best species and sex identification result with an accuracy of 95.83%. It demonstrated that the hyperspectral imaging technology could be a new and nondestructive method to replace the manual work.