磁流变体流变学特性研究

对所研制的矿物油介质和硅油介质磁流变体样品的零场粘度、磁流变性能、示功及速度特性进行了系统的测试和分析,并对其影响因素进行了详细的讨论。研制的磁流变体零场粘度小于0．5Pas(γ=81s^-1)且具有良好的粘温特性;磁流变体的剪切应力接近和超过70kPa(B＝6000Gs);在智能减振器的应用试验中获得理想的示功特性曲线。     

轻质磁性材料的制备及在磁流变液中的应用

研究了使用化学镀的方法在轻质载体上包覆具有磁性的镍、钴等物质。该材料具有密度低的优点（有效密度为2-3g/cm^3）。对比于几种羰基镍粉制备的磁流变液的沉降稳定性,使用该轻质磁性材料制备的磁流变液不用加防沉剂,其稳定性类似于加入较多防沉剂的羟基镍粉磁流变液。其在磁场下表观粘度比零磁场下的粘度有几十倍的变化。因此,使用该轻质磁性材料有望解决磁流变液普遍存在的沉降问题,得到综合性能良好的产品。     

α-Fe粉体浓悬浮体系的制备及磁流变效应

报道使用价格低廉的还原铁粉制备磁性粒子浓悬浮体系 ,对体系磁流变效应进行研究 ,并研究了磁性颗粒尺寸和氧化物对悬浮体系力学性质及沉降稳定性的影响 .     

磁流变弹性体中结合胶的存在及其对材料性能的影响

为了提高磁流变材料的力学磁学性能，在大量的实验和观测过程中，发现了在磁流变弹性体的内部存在结合橡胶现象．进一步的实验证实了铁磁性颗粒表面的确存在结合橡胶，并且这层结合橡胶的厚度和铁磁性颗粒的大小之间的相互关系对材料的性能有显著的影响．通过理论分析和实验测试发现，通过提高颗粒半径和结合橡胶厚度的比率，可以显著提高磁流变弹性体的磁流变性能．     

磁性粒子浓悬浮体系沉降稳定性的光学表征

报道一种新的磁性粒子浓悬浮体系沉降稳定性的表征方法。对均匀分散的磁性粒子浓悬浮体系,采用定时光度测量法对其沉降稳定性进行表征,可以得到一定时间内粒子沉降的定量数据。此方法可用于低体积分散磁流变液沉降稳定性的表征。同时,对比分析表明,在磁性粒子浓悬浮体系中加入纳米级TiO2粒子,能使制备的磁流变液稳定性显著增强。     

Enhancement in Magnetorheological Effect of Magnetorheological Elastomers by Surface Modification of Iron Particles

为了研制具有高磁流变效应的磁流变弹性体,从新的化学修饰的角度制备了各向异性的橡胶基磁流变弹性体. 阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和复合表面活性剂等三种不同类型的表面活性剂分别用于修饰铁颗粒. 使用力磁耦合动态测试仪测量磁流变弹性体的动态剪切模量,并计算材料的磁流变效应. 测试结果表明,当Span 80的含量为15%时,材料的相对磁流变效应可达到188%,除了表面活性外,Span 80的增塑效应也有利于相对磁流变效应的增加. 当使用具有强表面活性的复合表面活性剂修饰铁颗粒时,用量只需0.4%,便可使相对     

超细α-Fe粒子对磁性粒子浓悬浮体系磁流变性能的增强

报道在磁性粒子浓悬浮体系中加入球磨超细α-Fe粒子对其磁流变性能的影响,主要研究其动态屈服应力的变化,沉降稳定性的改变以及超细粒子对相变结构的可能影响。超细α-Fe粒子的加入,能使磁性粒子浓悬浮体系的抗剪切能力有明显变化,悬浮稳定性增强。对其它几种超细粒子实验结果进行简要讨论。超细粒子对磁流变性能影响程度取决于加入场与磁性颗粒的重量比例、加入物质的性质以及所加入超细粒子的尺寸。     

碳化硅基底改性硅表面的磁流变抛光

为克服传统抛光方法在硅改性的碳化硅表面抛光存在的不足,采用磁流变抛光在精抛光阶段实现面形误差高效去除和快速收敛。基于实际应用中的对磁流变抛光液的需求,提出了磁流变液的性能要求,并配制了适合改性硅表面抛光的磁流变抛光液,检测所配制的抛光液体的流变特性和分散稳定性,证明了液体具有良好的性能。对口径为130 mm(有效口径为120 mm)的硅改性的同轴非球面碳化硅工件进行实际抛光。经过两个周期约3 h的抛光,面形误差均方根(RMS)从0.051λ(λ=632.8 nm)快速收敛至0.012λ,粗糙度Ra达0.618 nm。验证了所配制的磁流变抛光液满足碳化硅基底改性硅表面的抛光需求,证明了磁流变抛光技术在镜面硅改性后精抛光阶段具有独特的优势。     

碳化硅基底改性硅表面的磁流变抛光EI北大核心CSCD

为克服传统抛光方法在硅改性的碳化硅表面抛光存在的不足,采用磁流变抛光在精抛光阶段实现面形误差高效去除和快速收敛。基于实际应用中的对磁流变抛光液的需求,提出了磁流变液的性能要求,并配制了适合改性硅表面抛光的磁流变抛光液,检测所配制的抛光液体的流变特性和分散稳定性,证明了液体具有良好的性能。对口径为130 mm(有效口径为120 mm)的硅改性的同轴非球面碳化硅工件进行实际抛光。经过两个周期约3 h的抛光,面形误差均方根(RMS)从0.051λ(λ=632.8 nm)快速收敛至0.012λ,粗糙度Ra达0.618 nm。验证了所配制的磁流变抛光液满足碳化硅基底改性硅表面的抛光需求,证明了磁流变抛光技术在镜面硅改性后精抛光阶段具有独特的优势。     

Pr1-xCexB6阴极材料的原位反应合成及性能研究

本文以CeH2,PrH2纳米粉和B粉为原料,在无氧环境下采用放电等离子原位反应成功制备了单相多元稀土六硼化物Pr1-xCexB6=（x=0．2—0．8）阴极材料．系统研究了掺杂元素Ce对Pr1-xCexB6的物相组成、力学性能及热电子发射性能的影响．结果表明,当烧结温度为1450℃,烧结压强为50MPa时可制得单相的Pr1-xCexB6多晶块体材料并且该系列样品具有良好的力学性能,维氏硬度和抗弯强度最高值分别达到了24．34GPa和226．02MPa,已达到单晶水平．热电子发射性能结果表明,随着Ce掺杂量的增加Pr1-xCexB6的发射电流密度线性增加．当阴极温度为1973K,外加电压为950V时,Pr0．4Ce0．686最大发射电流密度达到47-3A．cm^-2,该值远高于传统热压烧结法制备的发射电流密度．因此,本文该方法制备的Pr1-xCexB6多晶块体具有良好的力学性能和发射性能,作为热阴极材料将会有很好的应用前景．     

Magnetorheological characteristics of nanoparticle-added carbonyl iron system

Magnetorheological (MR) fluid, suspension of magnetic carbonyl iron (CI) and magnetic additives in mineral oil, were prepared. The novel core–shell structured additives, comprising monodisperse polystyrene (PS) spheres as cores and magnetite as shells, were fabricated by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. This MR fluid with bimodal particles was suspended in mineral oil and their MR characteristics were examined via a rotational rheometer in a parallel plate geometry equipped with a magnetic field supplier. MR properties of the bimodal MR fluid with magnetic additive exhibit similar magnetic and MR properties compared to MR fluid consisting of pristine CI, but with much improved dispersion stability.     

Enteric MRI contrast agents: comparative study of five potential agents in humans.

We compared the effectiveness of 1 mM Geritol, 12% corn oil emulsion, Kaolin-pectin, single contrast oral barium sulfate, and effervescent granules as enteric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Five volunteers were recruited. Each volunteer ingested for examinations, separated by at least one week, either 500 ml of each of the liquid preparations or two packets of the CO2 granules (producing 400 ml of CO2 per packet). Abdominal MR images were then obtained using a 1.5 T Magnetom imager and SE 550/22, SE 2000/45/90 and FISP 40/18/40 degrees pulse sequences. The oil emulsions were best tolerated. Barium sulfate caused the greatest amount of nausea, followed by Geritol and Kaolin-pectin. With FISP 40/18/40 degrees, 60%-80% of the small bowel was well delineated using oil emulsion, Kaolin-pectin, or barium sulfate. We conclude that oil emulsion was by far the best enteric MR contrast agent in our study. Good delineation of the small bowel and pancreas can be achieved using oil emulsion and gradient echo pulse sequences. The lack of side-effects and the excellent taste make it highly acceptable to human subjects.     

Experimental study and CFD simulation of rotational eccentric cylinder in a magnetorheological fluid

In this study, a magnetorheological (MR) fluid is prepared using carbonyl iron filings and low viscosity lubricating oil. The effects of magnetic field and weight percentage of particles on the viscosity of the MR fluid have been measured using a rotational viscometer. The yield stress under an applied magnetic field was also obtained experimentally. In the absence of an applied magnetic field, the MR fluid behaves as a Newtonian fluid. When the magnetic field is applied, the MR fluid behaves like Bingham plastics with a magnetic field dependent yield stress. Afterward, the results compared with those of CFD simulation of two eccentric cylinders in the MR fluid. Results show that the influences of MR effects, caused by the applied magnetic field, on the model characteristics are significant and not negligible. The viscosity is enhanced by increasing of the magnetic field, eccentricity ratio and weight percentage of suspensions. The MR effects and increasing of weight percentage and eccentricity ratio also provide an enhancement in the yield stresses and required total torque for rotation of inner cylinder. Also the simulation results indicate a good representation of the experiment by the model.     

Anomalous electrical transport properties of a quenched iron film system

An iron film system, deposited on glass surfaces by thermal evaporation method and quenched with a floating oil layer immediately after the deposition, has been fabricated. The temperature dependence of the resistance and the transversal magnetoresistance (MR) of the iron films have been studied. The experiment shows that, as the temperature decreases, the sample resistance increases first and then drops monotonically, finally it increases again. Furthermore, a crossover of MR from positive to negative is observed as the magnetic field increases. It is proposed that these anomalous phenomena originate from the characteristic microstructure of the samples.     

Magnetic resonance imaging in human lymphedema: comparison with lymphangioscintigraphy.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and isotope lymphography (lymphangioscintigraphy, LAS) was done in 32 patients with peripheral lymphedema (19 primary and 13 secondary). MRI characteristically showed diffuse dermal and subcutaneous edema, a nonedematous, occasionally hypertrophied skeletal muscle compartment, variability in regional lymph node size and appearance depending on the underlying clinical disorder, serpiginous "channels" or "lakes" consistent with dermal collateral lymphangiectasis and sequestered lymph, and increased subcutaneous fat. In contrast, LAS showed dermal diffusion ("backflow"), cross-over with retrograde tracer backflow (reflux), delayed tracer transport, and depending on the cause of lymphedema (i.e., primary or secondary), discrete or poorly defined lymph trunks (tracer "bands") and delayed or nonvisualization of regional lymph nodes. Although not a first-line clinical test, MR particularly in conjunction with LAS noninvasively provides accurate anatomical definition of the peripheral lymphatic system. In contradistinction to LAS, MR can visualize lymph trunks, nodes, and soft tissues proximal to sites of lymphatic obstruction. Together these imaging modalities may substitute for conventional oil contrast lymphography in the evaluation of the pathogenesis and evolution of most lymphologic disorders.     

稠油储层核磁共振孔隙度校正方法

受原油粘度的影响,利用核磁共振（NMR）测井获取的稠油储层的测井NMR孔隙度远低于地层的真实孔隙度,给稠油储层评价和NMR测井技术的应用带来极大挑战.为提高稠油储层孔隙度计算精度,必须对测井NMR孔隙度进行稠油校正.本研究选取我国南海东部盆地某油田韩江组10块代表性岩心样品,分别开展了原始状态、饱含稠油、残余油和饱含水状态的NMR实验.研究了孔隙含油相对体积对岩心NMR孔隙度的影响,并建立了基于地层深测向电阻率分类的岩心NMR孔隙度校正模型.将基于实验结果建立的岩心NMR孔隙度校正模型推广到实际地层,对目标区域A14井稠油储层实测测井NMR孔隙度进行处理的结果表明：本文提出的方法能够有效地校正孔隙含稠油对实测测井NMR孔隙度的影响,得到地层的真实孔隙度;校正前、后的稠油储层测井NMR孔隙度与常规气驱法测量的岩心孔隙度之间的相对误差由11.19%降低到4.84%.     

Fast frequency selective MR imaging

With the proposed fast frequency selective MR imaging (FFSMRI) method, we focused on the elimination of all off-resonance components from the image of the observed object. To maintain imaging speed and simultaneously achieve good frequency selectivity, MRI was divided into two steps: signal acquisition and postprocessing. After the preliminary phase in which we determine imaging parameters, MRI takes place; the signal from the same object is successively acquired M times. As a result, we obtain M partial signals in k-space, from which we calculate the image of the observed object in postprocessing phase, after signal acquisition has been completed. With proper selection of parameters, it is possible to exclude from the image a majority of off-resonance components present in the observed object. However, we can decide to keep only a chosen off-resonance component in the image and eliminate all other components, including the on-resonance component and thus producing a different image from the same acquisition. The experiments with Fe(OH)(3) and oil showed that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be improved by about a factor of four. The proposed FFSMRI method is suitable for frequency selective MR imaging and quantitative measurements in dynamic MRI where exclusion of off-resonance components can improve the reliability of measurement.     

Positive and negative linear magnetoresistance of graphite

The magnetoresistance (MR) of bulk graphite with different particle sizes is investigated. The MR of the graphite decreases with the particle size decreases. The graphite with micro-sized particles has a positive MR and exhibits positive linear field dependence of MR at about 50 K, whereas the graphite with particle size of 30.2 nm has a negative MR and exhibits negative linear field dependence of MR at about 25 K. The possible mechanism for the MR of graphite can be partially understood using ordinary MR theory, weak localization theory and diffuse scattering theory.     

磁流变减振系统参数辨识

在对磁流变体的力学性能、减振系统设计和实验建模方法深入研究的基础上,提出了采用非线性顺序滤波来辨识磁流变化减振装置粘弹性模型参数的实验建模方法。研究表明,基于粘塑性假设,可用于该辨识算法获得库仑摩擦力和粘性摩擦系数。     

超导磁共振仪器设备国产化现状及挑战

磁共振在化学分析和医学影像等领域发挥着不可或缺的作用，而磁共振仪器设备是开展磁共振研究的必要前提.长期以来，国外仪器厂商在我国磁共振仪器市场居于垄断地位.近年来，随着我国在磁共振仪器研发和产业化方面不断取得进展，市场份额为外商垄断的局面已大为改观.本文调研综述了我国磁共振仪器设备研制的现状，以及面临的若干挑战.