原子吸收光谱法间接测定硫酸阿托品

研究了原子吸收光谱法间接测定硫酸阿托品的方法。在pH为5．0的溶液中，当四苯硼钠过量时可完全沉淀硫酸阿托品，在滤液中加入过量的氯化钾沉淀剩余的四苯硼钠，再测定过量的钾可以计算得到硫酸阿托品的含量。方法简单、快速，回收率在97％－101％之间，相对标准偏差为1．1％。     

碘解磷定的ICP-AES测定

利用等离子体发射光谱法间接碘解磷。在pH5．0的溶液中，当四苯硼钠过量时可完全沉淀碘解磷定，测定滤液中剩余的四苯硼钠，使可计算得到碘解磷定的含量。该方法简单、快速，回收率在97％－101％之间，相对标准偏差小于2．1％。     

盐酸普鲁卡因的ICP-AES测定

在pH5．0溶液中，过量的四苯硼钠可完全沉淀盐酸普鲁卡因(季铵盐)，用等离子发射光谱法测定滤液中的四苯硼钠，即可计算盐酸普鲁卡因的含量，间接测定盐酸普鲁卡因，该方法回收率为96％一101％，相对标准偏差为2．5％，且简单快速。     

原子吸收光谱法间接测定钼精矿中钼的研究

对于钼精矿中钼的测定,标准方法采用钼酸铅重量法,该方法需要将钼酸铅沉淀反复多次洗涤、过滤,以保证沉淀物中夹带的铅离子洗涤完全,再对沉淀物进行灰化、灼烧等多步操作,步骤较繁琐,分析费时,不能快速配合选矿、冶金的科学研究.应用原子吸收光谱法间接测定钼,建立了钼精矿中钼的快速分析方法.钼精矿样品经硝酸、氯酸钾、硫酸加热溶解后,用酚酞和盐酸调节pH值,加入乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶液调节pH值至5～7,再加入一定量且过量的铅标准溶液.基于在室温下,钼酸铅为难溶电解质,难溶电解质在一定温度下能否沉淀完全,通常比较离子积Qc与溶度积常数Ksp的相对大小,当Qc＞Ksp,溶液过饱和,沉淀物完全析出,钼精矿中钼的含量为40～60％,铅的加入量为0125 0～0150 0 g,取最小值计算出溶液中钼酸铅的离子积,Qc=[Pb2+][MoO2-4]=251×10-5,K sp=10×10-13,QcKsp,因此钼酸铅沉淀可以完全析出,待钼酸铅沉淀完全后干过滤,用原子吸收光谱法测定滤液中过量的铅离子,用差减法计算得出钼精矿中钼的含量.文中分别考察了乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶液的加入量及其浓度、铅标准溶液的加入量、钼酸铅沉淀完全的时间、加热时间以及常见共存离子如W6+,Sn4+和Cu2+等的最大允许量诸多因素对原子吸收光谱法间接测定钼的影响.与钼酸铅重量法相比,该方法省去了对钼酸铅沉淀反复多次的洗涤、灰化以及灼烧等步骤,操作简便易掌握,分析时间缩短一半,并用钼酸铅重量法与本方法进行对照实验,分析结果进行数理统计,得出结论:本方法具有很好的准确度和精密度,可用于选矿、冶金钼精矿样品中钼的快速分析检测.     

原子吸收光谱法间接测定钼精矿中钼的研究（英文）

对于钼精矿中钼的测定,标准方法采用钼酸铅重量法,该方法需要将钼酸铅沉淀反复多次洗涤、过滤,以保证沉淀物中夹带的铅离子洗涤完全,再对沉淀物进行灰化、灼烧等多步操作,步骤较繁琐,分析费时,不能快速配合选矿、冶金的科学研究。应用原子吸收光谱法间接测定钼,建立了钼精矿中钼的快速分析方法。钼精矿样品经硝酸、氯酸钾、硫酸加热溶解后,用酚酞和盐酸调节pH值,加入乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶液调节pH值至5~7,再加入一定量且过量的铅标准溶液。基于在室温下,钼酸铅为难溶电解质,难溶电解质在一定温度下能否沉淀完全,通常比较离子积Q_c与溶度积常数K_(sp)的相对大小,当Q_cK_(sp),溶液过饱和,沉淀物完全析出,钼精矿中钼的含量为40~60%,铅的加入量为0.125 0~0.150 0 g,取最小值计算出溶液中钼酸铅的离子积,Q_c=[Pb~(2+)][MoO_4~(2-)]=2.51×10~(-5),K_(sp)=1.0×10~(-13),QcK_(sp),因此钼酸铅沉淀可以完全析出,待钼酸铅沉淀完全后干过滤,用原子吸收光谱法测定滤液中过量的铅离子,用差减法计算得出钼精矿中钼的含量。文中分别考察了乙酸-乙酸铵缓冲溶液的加入量及其浓度、铅标准溶液的加入量、钼酸铅沉淀完全的时间、加热时间以及常见共存离子如W~(6+),Sn~(4+)和Cu~(2+)等的最大允许量诸多因素对原子吸收光谱法间接测定钼的影响。与钼酸铅重量法相比,该方法省去了对钼酸铅沉淀反复多次的洗涤、灰化以及灼烧等步骤,操作简便易掌握,分析时间缩短一半,并用钼酸铅重量法与本方法进行对照实验,分析结果进行数理统计,得出结论:本方法具有很好的准确度和精密度,可用于选矿、冶金钼精矿样品中钼的快速分析检测。     

卫生纸中铅、镉含量的测定

用原子吸收光谱法对卫生纸中污染元素铅、镉进行了测定。铅在 0 0 0～ 10 0 0 μg·mL- 1 (r =0 9989) ;镉在 0 0 0～ 4 0 0 μg·mL- 1 (r=0 9997)范围内均具有良好的线性关系。本文法的RSD≤ 3 0 8% ,回收率在 94 8%～ 10 4 5 %。方法快速简便 ,结果准确。可用于卫生纸中铅、镉含量的监测     

用水解分离-原子吸收光谱法对锰作形态分析

研究了痕量锰形态分析的水解分离-原子吸收光谱法.依据不同价态锰水解酸度的不同,使以各种形态存在的锰彼此分离以对其进行AAS测定.用NaOH溶液调试样的pH到10,此时以MnO-4形式存在的高价锰不产生水解沉淀,而低价Mn(Ⅱ)和中价Mn(Ⅳ)产生水解沉淀,对清液中的Mn(Ⅶ)进行AAS测定;然后用pH为5的硫酸溶液溶解沉淀,此条件下Mn(Ⅱ)的沉淀溶解,从而使Mn(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅳ)彼此分离,对清液中的Mn(Ⅱ)进行AAS测定;最后,用pH为1的硫酸溶液溶解Mn(Ⅳ),并沉淀进行AAS测定.从上述测定,可分别求得Mn(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅳ)和Mn(Ⅶ)含量.该方法的加标回收率分别在93.3%～99.5%,96.7%～103%和98.2%～104%之间,相对标准偏差分别为2.7%,3.2%和3.1%,检出限为0.10mg·L-1,该法简单,快速,准确.     

沉淀富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水中的铅和镉

水样用Mg（OH）2沉淀,沉淀富集后采用校准曲线法,火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定了水样中的铅和镉。所测定的水样中铅和镉的含量远低于国家限定标准,采用此方法回收率为70%—110%。本法简单、快速,结果令人满意。     

微波消解-原子吸收光谱法测定药品中的磺胺甲恶唑

建立了原子吸收光谱法测定药片中磺胺甲恶唑的方法.样品经微波消解处理后,加入过量Pb2+生成沉淀,然后采用原子吸收分光光度法测定剩余的Pb2+,从而间接测定磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)的含量.该方法的平均回收率为96.3％-104.4％,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于4.85％.研究表明,该法适用于磺胺甲恶唑含量的测定.方法简便快速,准确.     

微波消解-冷原子吸收光谱法测定电池中汞

建立了微波消解 冷原子吸收光谱快速测定电池中汞的分析方法。采用密闭微波酸湿法消解电池样品 ,优化了微波消解条件和仪器测定条件。以HNO3 H2 SO4(φ =4∶1)混合酸作消解液、微波加热 3min ,以0 5mol·L-1H2 SO4为反应介质在室温下测定。方法的特征浓度为 0 2 5 μg·L-1。测定了 5种电池样品 ,回收率在 99 9%～ 113%之间 ,相对标准偏差为 4 9%～ 11 9%。与传统法相比 ,该法具有快速、省试剂、消解完全、汞丢失少等优点。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

Real-time restoration of rotational blurred image using gradient-loading

The key to the restoration of rotational motion blurred image is how to restore the image under a low cost and to correct the irreversibility of the degradation function matrix.Based on the special qualities of degradation function matrix and precise deduction in space-domain, we present a new approach using gradient-loading for restoration of rotational blurred image.By easily adding a gradient operator, the irreversibility of the original matrix is corrected and can be applied for inverse filtering then.Gradientloading is the optimized approach which combines the advantages of both the approaches using constrained least square filtering and traditional diagonal-loading.Compared with the approach using least square filtering, its peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is improved from 3.18 to 6.46dB, while the computing time is reduced to 1/2-1/3.Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, noise-resistibility, robustness, and low complexity of this approach, which make it more suitable for real-time environment.     

All-Optical Logic Device Using Bent Nonlinear Tapered Y-Junction Waveguide Structure

We propose an all-optical logic device made of a bent tapered Y-junction waveguide with a Kerr-type nonlinear interface. It could provide an AND gate, OR gate, and exclusive-OR (XOR) gate. We could obtain different transmission results by adjusting the bending angle. The numerical simulation results show that the device functions as AND, OR, and XOR gates.     

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz imaging by a pyroelectric camera

Real-time, continuous-wave terahertz (THz) imaging is demonstrated. A 1.89-THz optically-pumped farinfrared laser is used as the illumination source, and a 124 × 124 element room-temperature pyroelectric camera is adopted as the detector. With this setup, THz images through various wrapping materials are shown. The results show that this imaging system has the potential applications in real-time mail and security inspection.