利用不确定性提高击中击不中变换的抗畸变能力

对用于目标识别技术的形态学击不中变换进行了分析,引入不确定和模式的概念使得容易受到畸变干扰的像素点对判别结果的作用降低,得到联合排序多值击中击不中变换,从而在不损失图像信息的前提下,提高了目标识别的抗畸变能力,并且具有在输入图像和参考模板之间进行精确匹配的能力。基于非相干相关器,利用新颖的多值互补编码方法,实现了二值图像的联合序多值击中击不中变换,达到了较好的实验结果。     

排序击中击不中变换及其光学实现

基于对形态学灰度排序击中击不中变换的取阈方法的研究,提出了单通道排序击中击不中变换,探讨了相应的光学实现,与码编码击不击不中变换相比,由于仅仅使用了原始图像因而更于光学实现,扩大了以击中击不中变换为基础的光学数学形态学处理系统的容噪性和自理能力。     

可编程光学击中击不中变换及其在模式识别中的应用

提出了一种利用击中击不中变换实现具有边缘噪声的模式的形态识别方法并给出计算模拟结果。利用一个非相干光学相关器，构成了一个实时可编程光学击中击不变处理器。演示了字符识别过程并给出了实验结果。     

基于广义互补编码的目标识别处理器

提出一种广义互补编码方法,用于一步实现数学形态学击中击不中变换,并以非相干光相关器为光学实现硬件,利用液晶投影板作为实时空间光调制器,研制了一台光电混合目标识别处理器.实验结果表明识别率大于90%,并对带有40%噪声,50%缺损和6°以内旋转的图像甚至不同表情的人脸图像均能识别.     

一种提高光学目标识别速度的多通道方案

本文以形态学击中击不中变换作为理论依据，以非相干光相关器作为光学实现硬件，推导了在非共轴相关条件下相关点位置的计算公式。基于系统的平移不变性，在无需增加任何分束器的情况下实现了多通道并行处理方案，不仅充分利用了空间光调制器的工作幅面，而且大大提高了识别速度，体现了光学方法的并行性和快速性。文中给出了用四通道结构，以正面人脸图像作为测试对象的实验结果。     

用于快速人脸识别的光学协处理器

设计了一种用于快速人脸识别的光学协处理器。提出正负图像组合编码方法，一步实现了通常需要三步的数学形态学击中击不中变换，提高了识别速度。改进传统的识别判据，改善了识别效果。采用一个液晶投影板同时显示待识别图像和参考图像，简化了结构。给出了实验结果。     

空变菲涅耳联合变换相关器

提出了菲涅耳联合变换相关器(Fresnel Joint Transform Correlator,FnJTC)结构,给出了数学推导过程,并通过计算机模拟验证了可行性及其与传统相关器所不同的相关特性。在相关过程第一阶段中,菲涅耳联合变换相关器对输入的联合图像作菲涅耳变换,代替了传统联合变换相关器(JTC)的傅里叶变换。与传统相关器相比,菲涅耳联合变换相关器是空变系统,相关峰值依赖于输入参考图像与目标图像的相似性、两图像之间的相对位置及参考图像(或目标图像)的线性相位调制。     

基于双相位编码联合变换相关器的图像位移探测算法

提出了基于双相位编码联合变换相关器(JTC)的图像位移探测算法.随机产生一相位码对参考图像编码,与目标图像叠加作为输入图像,通过傅里叶变换得到联合功率谱,用同样的相位码对其编码并进行滤波,傅里叶逆变换后得到涉及位移矢量的互相关峰.给出了多帧图像间位移矢量的探测技术.相比传统的相关器探测技术,此算法能更有效地利用输入平面...     

一种复杂背景下红外小目标检测算法

为了解决复杂背景下小目标的识别,提高检测速度的问题,提出了一种改进的中值滤波方法.用其进行背景抑制,保护了图像细节,提高了处理的实时性.在分析小目标图像特点的基础上,提出了采用击中击不中变换对图像进行分割,达到探测目标的目的.仿真结果验证了该算法是一种实时有效,且易于实现的目标探测方法.     

基于联合变换相关器光学加密和离散余弦变换的数字水印

提出了一种以联合变换相关器和离散余弦变换为基础的数字水印方法。利用联合变换相关器光学加密系统对需要隐藏的信息进行加密,然后嵌入到宿主图像8×8分块的离散余弦变换中频系数上。与其他基于双随机相位编码的数字水印技术相比,该技术在加密阶段和解密阶段的密钥相同,省去了制作复共轭密钥的麻烦。数值仿真结果表明,这种数字水印技术具有很好的不可见性和很高的安全性,对JPEG压缩、剪切、滤波和加噪声等多种数字图像处理操作都具有很强的鲁棒性。     

An optical image cryptosystem based on Hartley transform in the Fresnel transform domain

A novel method for image encryption and decryption based on Hartley transform in the Fresnel transform domain is presented. Different from the conventional method which requires lens to perform the Fourier transform for achieving Hartley transform, the proposed new optical architecture of Hartley transform is based on the Fresnel diffraction which requires no Fourier transform lenses. The position coordinate as well as the wavelength in the Fresnel transform is used as encoding keys that can ensure the sufficient information security. The main advantages of this proposed image security system are that it uses fewer optical devices and the decryption scheme is straightforward and more secure than the previous works.     

空间调制干涉型阿达玛变换光谱成像仪

简要叙述了色散型阿达玛变换光谱成像仪的原理及仪器构成,指出其存在空间信息与光谱信息的错位和光谱分辨率受阿达玛编码模板码元宽度制约的缺陷.提出空间调制干涉型阿达玛变换光谱成像技术原理及仪器,利用横向剪切干涉仪获得所有阿达玛编码光信息在不同光程差处的干涉信号,对干涉谱进行傅哩叶变换和阿达玛变换得到目标的光谱.理论分析表明,干涉图的调制度不受阿达玛模板形状、大小等因素的影响,光谱分辨率与阿达玛模板的尺寸无关,不但避免了色散型阿达玛变换光谱成像仪中空间信息和光谱信息的错位,而且高能量通过率、高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率成像容易同时实现.     

Novel optical image encryption scheme based on fractional Mellin transform

A novel nonlinear image encryption scheme is proposed by introducing the fractional Mellin transform (FrMT) into the field of image security. As a nonlinear transform, FrMT is employed to get rid of the potential insecurity of the optical image encryption system caused by the intrinsic object-image relationship between the plaintext and the ciphertext. Different annular domains of the original image are transformed by FrMTs of different orders, and then the outputs are further encrypted by comprehensively using fractional Fourier transform (FrFT), amplitude encoding and phase encoding. The keys of the encryption algorithm include the orders of the FrMTs, the radii of the FrMT domains, the order of the FrFT and the phases generated in the further encryption process, thus the key space is extremely large. An optoelectronic hybrid structure for the proposed scheme is also introduced. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is robust with noise immunity, sensitive to the keys, and outperforms the conventional linear encryption methods to counteract some attacks.     

阿达玛变换光谱仪狭缝衍射的编码修正

根据阿达玛变换光谱仪的原理与狭缝衍射特性,分析了光谱仪入射狭缝衍射对阿达玛变换光谱仪测量结果造成影响,对衍射情况下的阿达玛变换光谱仪的仪器结构矩阵进行了研究,得出了衍射情况下阿达玛变换光谱仪的编/解码方法,通过对入射光谱的还原分析,验证了编码/解码的正确性。该方法对阿达玛变换光谱仪的高精度光谱测量具有重要意义。     

The multiple-parameter discrete fractional Hadamard transform

Discrete fractional Hadamard transform (DFrHaT) is a generalization of the Hadamard transform, which has been widely used in signal processing. In this paper, we present the multiple-parameter discrete fractional Hadamard transform (MPDFrHaT), which has multiple order parameters instead of only one in DFrHaT. The proposed MPDFrHaT is shown to possess all of the desired properties of DFrHaT. In fact, it will reduce to DFrHaT when all of its order parameters are the same. We also propose a novel encryption technique, double random amplitude (DRA) encoding scheme, by cascading twofold random amplitude filtering. As a primary application, we exploit the multiple-parameter feature of MPDFrHaT and double random amplitude encoding scheme for digital image encryption in the MPDFrHaT domain. Results show that this method can enhance data security.     

Image encryption and decryption using fractional Fourier transform and radial Hilbert transform

A technique for image encryption using fractional Fourier transform (FRT) and radial Hilbert transform (RHT) is proposed. The spatial frequency spectrum of the image to be encrypted is first segregated into two parts/channels using RHT, and image subtraction technique. Each of these channels is encrypted independently using double random phase encoding in the FRT domain. The different fractional orders and random phase masks used during the process of encryption and decryption are the keys to enhance the security of the proposed system. The algorithms to implement the proposed encryption and decryption scheme are discussed, and results of digital simulation are presented.     

基于DMD的哈达玛变换成像光谱仪中交错编码像素点的研究

近年来在哈达玛变换成像光谱仪研究领域中最重要的技术革新在于数字微镜器件在这种光谱仪中的应用,但同时也带来了一些相应的技术问题需要克服。详细的描述和分析了由于数字微镜器件在哈达玛变换光谱仪中的应用导致的编码图像上的部分像素点出现的一种交错编码现象;这种特殊的像素点,编码过程不符合哈达玛变换,在光谱复原过程中需要特殊处理。针对这种交错编码像素点,提出了一种标识方法和解码方法。实验中,向光谱仪中导入一束激光并充满整个视场,在编码的激光图像中确定交错编码像素点的位置。然后变换编码模板上哈达玛编码码道的空间位置,采集两组针对目标的编码图像,通过观察编码图像上一个像素点的灰度值组成的列向量中非零常量与零元素的个数,可以分辨它是否是一个交错编码像素点。其中一组编码图像上交错编码像素点光谱曲线可以通过对另一组编码图像上相应位置的像素点进行哈达玛反变换得到。实线结果证明了这一方法的可行性。     

Real-time Optical Wavelet-Transform with Positive and Negative Signals

An opto-electronic hybrid system that is based on the joint transform correlator (JTC) is suggested for the implementation of real-time wavelet transform. Holographic encoding of both the object signal and wavelet function enables the JTC-based real-time correlator to execute the optical wavelet transformation involving positive and negative values. We suggest an interferometric method to retain the information about the polarity of the final wavelet transform. The principle of this method is verified by experiments.Presented at 1996 International Topical Meeting on Optical Computing (OC ‘96), April 21-25, Sendai, Japan.     

Analysis and study of the interlaced encoding pixels in Hadamard transform spectral imager based on DMD

The key innovation in Hadamard transform spectral imager (HTSI) introduced recently is the use of digital micro-mirror device (DMD) to encode spectral information. However, because the size of individual micro-mirrors does not match the detector pixel size or for other unavoidable errors in the optical design and the system assembling, an interlaced encoding phenomenon appears on some pixels of the encoded images obtained from the detector. These interlaced encoding pixels are not encoded based on Hadamard transform, so they should be processed specially in spectrum recovery. This paper analyzes the interlaced encoding phenomenon and proposes a positioning method and a decoding method for the interlaced encoding pixels on the encoded images. In our experiment, we direct a beam of laser into our HTSI and fill the entire field of view; by observing the column vector, which is made up of the gray values of a pixel on the encoded images from the detector in sequence, the interlaced encoding pixels can be distinguished easily and a coefficient is obtained simultaneously, which denotes the ratio of the area between the left part and the right part of the interlaced encoding pixel. By substituting the coefficient and the encoded gray values of the interlaced pixel into its encoding equation, we can recover the spectral elements of the interlaced pixel with ease. By comparing the spectral curve of the interlaced encoding pixels recovered by the method mentioned in this paper and the spectral curves of its two adjacent pixels, we find the decoding results are quite effective.     

Double image encryption based on phase-amplitude hybrid encoding and iterative phase encoding in fractional Fourier transform domains

A new method for double image encryption is proposed that is based on amplitude-phase hybrid encoding and iterative random phase encoding in fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) domains. In the iterative random phase encoding operation, a binary random matrix is defined to encode two original images to a single complex-valued image, which is then converted into a stationary white noise image by the iterative phase encoding with FrFTs. Compared with the previous schemes that uses fully phase encoding, the proposed method reduces the difference between two original images in key space and sensitivity to the FrFT orders. The primitive images can be retrieved exactly by applying correct keys with initial conditions of chaotic system, the pixel scrambling operation and the FrFT orders. Computer simulations demonstrate that the encryption method has impressively high security level and certain robustness against data loss and noise interference.