Matching Condition in γ-γ Annihilation Absorption

Two-photon annihilation (γ-γ reaction) is an important absorption mechanism in γ-ray physics and γ-ray astronomy. Using the markedly simplified direction-averaged cross section of annihilation σ^-(ω,ω’) for a normal isotropic ambient radiation field around the γ-ray source, we obtain a matching condition for the energies of two interacting photons, which ensures the attainment of the maximum annihilation probability. This is a new result that is helpful to obtain a better understanding for the absorption behaviour in the γ-γ annihilation process,and this predicts some possible line-like absorption structures in the emergent γ-ray continuous spectra. Some inferences of the matching condition are also presented.     

Excited Stated in ^207Rn

Excited states ^207Rn are investigated via the^196Pt(^16O,Sn)^207 Rn reaction at beam energies from 85 to 95 MeV using techniques of in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy.Measurements of γ-ray excitation function,x-γ and γ-γ-t conincidences are performed with ten BGO(AC) HPGe detectors.Based on these measurements,a level scheme of ^207Rn,including 17 γ-rays and 18 levels,is established.Spins for most of the levels are proposed according to the measured DCO ratios.The level struccture is compared with a weak-coupling calculation using the interaction energies extracted from neighbouring nuclei.     

Effect of Gamma-Ray Beaming on the Fluxes of Gamma-Ray Pulsars

We study the effect of γ-ray beaming on γ-ray emission of the pulsars in a self-sustained outer gap model. In this model, averaged γ-rav flux is a function of period, magnetic field, magnetic inclination angle and solid angle of γ-ray beaming for a γ-ray pulsar. We generate a sample of γ-ray pulsars with their ages less than 10^6 ears by using the Monte Carlo method, and then study the γ-ray beaming effect. The comparison of distributions of periods, magnetic fields, distances, γ-ray energy fluxes and period derivatives of the simulated γ-ray pulsars with those of observed γ-ray pulsars by the detector EGRET shows that γ-ray beaming has an important role on the detection of γ-ray pulsars. Furthermore, possible γ-ray pulsars observed by the detector GLAST are predicted.     

High-spin Band Structure in Odd-odd ^170Re

High-spin states in doubly odd ^170Re nucleus have been investigated for the first time, through in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy, following the ^142Nd(^32S, 1p3n γ) ^170Re reaction at 166 McV bombarding energy. The ^32 Sbeam was provided by the tandem accelerator at the China Institute of Atomic Energy, Bcijing. The ^142 Ndtarget is an enriched metallic foil of about 2.2 mg/cm^2 thickness with a 7.0 mg/cm^2 Pb backing to stop the recoiling nuclei. Measurement of X-γ, and γ-γ coincidences wcrc performed with 12 BGO(AC)HPGc detectors. A total of 150 million coincidence events wcrc recorded. The detector energies and cfficicncics wcrc calibrated     

High-Spin States in Odd-Odd ^140Pr Nucleus

High-spin level structure of doubly odd nucleus ^140Pr has been investigated via the ^130Te(^14N,4n)^140Pr reaction at beam energies from 55 to 65 MeV. Measurements of γ-ray excitation functions, γ-ray singles and γ-γ-t coincidences were performed with twelve BGO(AC)HPGe detectors. The level scheme of ^140Pr, including 27 new levels and 42 new γ rays, has been established for the first time. The level structure is compared with those in the neighbouring odd-odd nuclei, and interpreted qualitatively.     

High-spin States in Odd-odd ^140Pr Nucleus

The high-spin level structures of doubly odd nucleus ^140Pr have been investigated by means of the ^130Te(^14N,4n)^140Pr reaction. The ^14N beam was obtained from the HI-13 tandem accelerator of China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing. The target is an enriched ^130Te metallic foil of 1.67mg/cm^2 thickness with a 10.37mg/cm^2 Pb backing. Measurements of γ-ray singles, γ-γ-t coincidences and γ-ray excitation function were performed with twelve BGO(AC)HPGe detectors. Based on detailed analysis of γ-γ coincidence relationships, γ-ray     

New levels and transitions in ^72Ge following thedecay of ^72Ga

The decay of ^72Ga has been investigated by means of γ-ray spectroscopy. The 72Ga nuclei were produced through the ^71Ga(n, γ)^72Ga reaction. The Compton-suppressed spectrometer and high-purity Ge detectors have been used singly and in coincidence, separately, to study γ-rays in the β-decay of ^72Ga to ^72Ge. Ninety-three events of γ-rays were reported, of which 7 were observed for the first time. A decay scheme of ^72Ga including 4 new levels is proposed which accommodates 87 of these transitions. Spins and parities for new levels are proposed from calculated logft values, modes on the observed decay, and some nuclear reaction experimental results.     

Lifetimes of Excited Levels in ^131Ce

The fusion-evaporation reaction ^116Sn (^19F, p3n)^131 Ce at projectile energy of 95 MeV is used to populate high spin states in ^131Ce. The de-exciting γ-rays are detected in γ-γ coincidence measurement with Compton-suppressed BGO-HPGe detectors. Level lifetimes of ^131 Ce were determined by using the Doppler shift attenuation method.The experimental results indicate that collectivity of ^131 Ce is reduced relative to that of ^130Ce and it follows that deformation decreases with increase of the neutron number on the basis of systematic comparison of transition quadrupole moments for the light cerium isotopes.     

Hadronic Interpretation of High-Energy Gamma-Rays from Two TeV Sources Coincident with Molecular Clouds Overtaken by Supernova Remnants

We present a possible hadronic explanation of the high-energy γ-ray emission from two very high-energy （VHE） sources, HESS 31745-303 （A ） and HESS 31714-385, which coincide with supernova remnants （SNRs） interacting with dense molecular clouds （MCs）. We calculate the proton spectra and the corresponding hadronic γ-ray spectra for different Mach numbers of the shock wave in a semi-analytical model for the non-linear shock acceleration process, then apply the model to the two newly discovered TeV sources. The results show that the γ-ray spectra for the two sources with energies above 100 MeV detected by HESS and EGRET can be reproduced with low Mach numbers about 2.5. Thus the high-energy γ-ray origin for each one of the two sources can be interpreted as proton-proton （p-p） collisions in MCs overtaken by an SNR shock wave.     

Effects of Pre-exposure of Mouse Pituitary with Low-dose ^60Co γ-ray on Male Reproductive Endocrine Capacity Induced by Subsequent High-dose Irradiation

To investigate the effects of pre-exposure of mouse pituitary with low-dose ^60Co γ-ray on male reproductive endocrine capacity induced by subsequent high-dose irradiation, the pituitary of the B6C3F1 hybrid strain male mice were irradiated with 0.05 Gy of ^60Co γ-ray as the pre-exposure dose (D1), and were then irradiated with 2 Gy of ^60Co γ-ray as challenging irradiation dose (D2) at 4 h after per-exposure. Pituitary gonadotroping hormones --follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luterinzing hormone (LH), serum testosterone, testis weight and sperm count were measured at 35th day after irradiation.