现代物理学与新技术革命 --"从产业革命到信息社会"之二

现代物理学指的是20世纪的物理学；这里说的新技术革命，指的是20世纪电子技术、自动化技术、核能技术、激光技术、信息技术、新材料技术、空间技术、基因技术、纳米技术等高新技术领域的崛起．这两者之间存在着什么关系？     

近代物理学与产业革命--"从产业革命到信息社会"之一

技术革命指的是正在成长中的新技术传统（技术的科学基础、技术的结构、技术活动的方式及方法、技术的规范及标准等）取代旧技术传统的活动或过程．这种技术传统的转换，意味着人类实践手段或方式的飞跃．     

信息网络与因特网

当世界进入20世纪60年代时，技术革命的浪潮又一次涌动起来．与以往不同的是，这是个以计算机的广泛应用为特征的“信息革命”的浪潮．计算机技术的发展是如此迅猛，计算机的应用逐渐渗透到各个技术领域和整个社会的各个方面，直至家庭生活．社会信息化、数据的分布处理以及各种计算机资源共享等，推动着计算机技术朝着群体化的方向发展．为了把地理上分散的计算机应用系统连接在一起，促使当代计算机技术与现代通信技术的密切结合，形成了一个崭新的技术领域：“计算机网络”．     

新科技革命的历史、现状及未来

1新科技革命产生的历史背景 新科技革命指的是20世纪50年代以来(至今方兴未艾)在世界范围信息技术、生物技术、新材料技术、新能源技术、激光技术、新制造(加工)技术、空间开发技术、海洋开发技术……高新技术群落的崛起.     

Informational masking and musical training

The relationship between musical training and informational masking was studied for 24 young adult listeners with normal hearing. The listeners were divided into two groups based on musical training. In one group, the listeners had little or no musical training; the other group was comprised of highly trained, currently active musicians. The hypothesis was that musicians may be less susceptible to informational masking, which is thought to reflect central, rather than peripheral, limitations on the processing of sound. Masked thresholds were measured in two conditions, similar to those used by Kidd et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 3475-3480 (1994)]. In both conditions the signal was comprised of a series of repeated tone bursts at 1 kHz. The masker was comprised of a series of multitone bursts, gated with the signal. In one condition the frequencies of the masker were selected randomly for each burst; in the other condition the masker frequencies were selected randomly for the first burst of each interval and then remained constant throughout the interval. The difference in thresholds between the two conditions was taken as a measure of informational masking. Frequency selectivity, using the notched-noise method, was also estimated in the two groups. The results showed no difference in frequency selectivity between the two groups, but showed a large and significant difference in the amount of informational masking between musically trained and untrained listeners. This informational masking task, which requires no knowledge specific to musical training (such as note or interval names) and is generally not susceptible to systematic short- or medium-term training effects, may provide a basis for further studies of analytic listening abilities in different populations.     

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