小型激光陀螺随机误差的Allan方差分析

介绍了Allan方差的基本定义,描述了用Allan方差法估算激光陀螺噪声的方法,并推导了具体过程。用Allan方差法对某小型激光陀螺的零偏数据进行分析,得到该激光陀螺的量化噪声系数、角度随机游走系数、零偏不稳定性系数、角速率随机游走系数、速率斜坡系数等5个误差源,对所得结果进行了解释,为该型激光陀螺进行各种误差补偿提供了理论依据。     

光纤陀螺随机游走分析方法研究

 光纤陀螺测试中,随机游走系数的分析对陀螺整体性能的评价起着很重要的作用。分别介绍了分析光纤陀螺随机游走噪声的两种方法：Allan方差法和改进的Allan方差法。分别应用这两种方法,在对某型光纤陀螺(FOG)实测静态数据计算的基础上进一步分析了该光纤陀螺中的噪声分量,并对分析结果进行比较。最终计算结果表明：在增加计算时间为代价的前提下,改进Allan方差法能方便地区别出各种噪声,并明显提高了光纤陀螺各随机噪声游走系数的计算精度。     

光纤陀螺零偏误差特性及噪声分析方法研究

光纤陀螺为典型的光纤干涉仪,非互易误差主要是由各类寄生干涉引起,零偏误差具有明显的周期性特征。结合Allan方差分析方法,发现由寄生干涉引入的正弦噪声为其零偏误差的主要来源。通过加入正弦噪声进行仿真计算和分析,发现光纤陀螺Allan方差曲线中"速率斜坡和速率随机游走"部分实际是由正弦噪声引起。基于小波分析和傅里叶变换实现了陀螺中正弦噪声的辨识,并在此基础上,提出了结合小波分析法和Allan方差法计算零偏不稳定性、随机游走和量化噪声的方法,并进行了实际计算验证。     

双轴调制激光惯导系统组合点校技术研究

针对双轴调制激光惯导系统(D-INS)导航误差随时间发散的问题,提出了一种D-INS组合点校技术,利用多普勒计程仪的对地速度信息进行D-INS速度误差量测,基于最优估计理论完成D-INS姿态误差的估计与补偿,根据卫星导航系统的单点精确位置信息对D-INS位置误差进行校正,实现D-INS导航误差重调的同时有效抑制陀螺角随机游走引起的积累震荡误差,克服了现有两点校正误差重调技术需外界提供间隔特定时间的两点精确位置信息的使用限制。试验结果表明,利用该技术进行D-INS误差重调,可以实现系统一个自主导航周期的导航误差减小为相同条件下单点位置校正的50%,有效提高了系统长航时导航精度。     

抖动参数对机抖激光陀螺零偏稳定性与角随机游走的影响

对传统方法中以抖动偏频量和抖动激励信号中的噪声强度来表示机抖激光陀螺抖动参数的方法进行了改进,以K参数和抖动幅度中的噪声强度来表示机抖激光陀螺的抖动参数,从而使不同抖动频率和注入效率的陀螺具有相同的比较标准。定量讨论了K参数与抖动幅度中噪声强度的大小对机抖激光陀螺零偏稳定性和角随机游走的影响。实验结果表明,当K参数取600～650之间、抖动幅度中的噪声强度取2%～3%之间时,机抖激光陀螺的零偏稳定性和角随机游走可以达到比较理想的状态。     

激光陀螺滤波评估方法研究

在现有硬件的基础上,通过滤波等软件算法来提高激光陀螺捷联惯导系统对准和导航精度是目前国内外学者所公认的。为了对激光陀螺滤波前后的效果进行准确、定量的评估,设计了Allan方差分析算法,开发了对准-导航及精度分析评估软件,分别从元件级、系统级对其展开了研究,并结合具体激光陀螺捷联惯导设备对其进行了实验验证。     

AR模型辅助SINS／GPS组合导航的实验研究

激光陀螺的随机漂移噪声类似于白噪声,可以采用AR（2）模型进行数字滤波来减小其对激光陀螺精度的影响。首先介绍了AR模型,然后利用IMU单元三组陀螺信号的AR（2）模型给出了车载SINS／GPS组合导航系统误差模型,并在GPS的辅助下,对SINS／GPS组合导航进行了实验研究。最后利用Kalman滤波器对车载SINs／GPS组合导航实际测量数据进行了离线的半实物仿真。实验结果表明,采用AR（2）模型辅助的SINS／GPS组合导航系统能够得到较高的姿态精度,并能有效抑制速度误差的发散。     

激光陀螺噪音特性试验研究

给出了激光陀螺噪音分析方法及噪音模型,据此模型比较研究了四种激光陀螺在不同解调方案下噪音组成分量之间的关系;理论分析了激光陀螺噪音分量的特性和引起该噪音分量的因素,给出了典型的试验数据和曲线.研究结果表明,该模型不但可以用于对激光陀螺的随机游走系数的估计.而且,该模型的其他系数可以用于研究陀螺的量化和解调误差,也能用于评估陀螺输出的速率噪音.     

随机噪音对LG输出特性的影响

利用均值计算了随机噪音对陀螺输出的影响.结果表明：随机噪音激励强度越大,均值与理想值偏差越小;但随机过程的分散性变大,输出信号变宽.依靠调幅加噪的方法给陀螺进行加噪,并按照特定的测试装置图对全反射棱镜式激光陀螺（TRPLG）的静态功能进行了检测,最终找到了TRP激光陀螺的最佳加噪噪音强度值.     

增损比对激光陀螺影响的研究

光强调谐曲线是激光陀螺工作模式选取和稳频的依据,而陀螺的增损比将直接决定光强调谐曲线的形式.为了提高陀螺准确度,本文对双同位素综合展宽情况下二频激光陀螺出光带宽与增损比之间的关系进行了分析计算,结果表明,激光陀螺的出光带宽与增损比之间存在单调递增的变化关系.数值仿真了不同增损比情况下陀螺的光强调谐曲线,结果表明,根据激光陀螺出光带宽与相邻纵横间隔相对大小的不同,其光强调谐曲线的形状可分三种,仿真与试验结果非常吻合.分析并试验验证了增损比选取不当对激光陀螺工程化应用可能产生的影响,给出了不同腔长情况下激光陀螺增损比合理选取的参考值,即应保证陀螺的出光带宽约等于其相邻纵横间隔.     

Quantum limit in low-loss ring laser gyros

Contrary to expectations, a measurement of the random walk in the ring laser gyro (RLG) as a functionof laser power P shows that it is not consistent with the P~-1/2 rule. In the experiment, the random walkand laser power are tested and recorded at different discharge currents. The random walk decreases withincreasing power, but with a rate much less than the theoretical value according to current literature. Inorder to solve the inconsistency above, we derive the expression for the random walk in RLGs based onlaser theory. Theoretical analysis shows that, accumulating effects of lower energy level due to its limitedlifetime lead to additional quantum noise from spontaneous emission. Results show that the random walkin the RLGs consists of two components. The former decreases with increasing power according to theP~-1/2 rule, whereas the other is power-independent. Thus far, the power-independent quantum limit hasnot appeared in the literature; therefore, the expressions for RLGs should be modified to describe the low-loss RLGs exactly, where the power-independent term takes a relatively larger proportion. The findingsare significant to the further reduction of quantum limit in low-loss RLGs.     

电磁控制陀螺转子进动角速度的计算

分析了现代激光制导武器中陀螺稳定光学系统式位标器的两种进动控制方式———受控磁环轴向充磁与控制线圈径向布置和受控磁饼径向充磁与控制线圈轴向布置。由现代电磁场理论 ,磁体在磁场中的受力及进动理论 ,分别推导出了它们的进动角速度的计算公式 ,并进行了第一种进动控制方式的计算机模拟计算 ,结果与实际相符     

随机噪声对激光陀螺输出特性的影响

分析了纯随机噪声输入和周期性抖动信号叠加随机噪声的复合抖动输入两种激励下，激光陀螺输出信号均值偏差和分散系数与随机噪声强度之间的数学关系，基于该关系公式，综合读出角速度标准差、输出信号均值偏差和分散系数，提出随机噪声强度的选择方法。研究表明，纯随机噪声减小频率闭锁影响没有应用价值，因为随机噪声的引入将导致激光陀螺测量范围的减小或输出方差的增大，这都不是理想的结果。而在周期性抖动信号基础上叠加随机噪声，并不影响激光陀螺的测量范围，却可大幅度地提高激光陀螺的读出精度，输出方差的增大可以通过延长采样周期予以减小，满足应用要求。     

激光陀螺变锁区现象的研究与讨论

通过采用减低转速的办法测得的锁区值推算出的随机游走比用Allan方 差方法拟合的随机游走要大很多. 为了解释这一问题, 建立了动态刻蚀光栅模型, 与以往的研究不同, 本文认为刻蚀光栅效应不只在驻波状态下发生, 在行波状态下也会存在, 而且与拍频频率呈现动态响应的关系. 这种模型得出了锁区随着转速的降低而不断增大的结论, 解释了长期以来困扰激光陀螺研究者的一些问题.     

Quantum walk under coherence non-generating channels

We investigate the probability distribution of the quantum walk under coherence non-generating channels. We definea model called generalized classical walk with memory. Under certain conditions, generalized classical random walk withmemory can degrade into classical random walk and classical random walk with memory. Based on its various spreadingspeed, the model may be a useful tool for building algorithms. Furthermore, the model may be useful for measuring thequantumness of quantum walk. The probability distributions of quantum walks are generalized classical random walkswith memory under a class of coherence non-generating channels. Therefore, we can simulate classical random walkand classical random walk with memory by coherence non-generating channels. Also, we find that for another class ofcoherence non-generating channels, the probability distributions are influenced by the coherence in the initial state of thecoin. Nevertheless, the influence degrades as the number of steps increases. Our results could be helpful to explore therelationship between coherence and quantum walk.     

Rheology of interfacial protein-polysaccharide composites

The aim of this paper is to check feasibility of using the maximal-entropy random walk in algorithms finding communities in complex networks. A number of such algorithms exploit an ordinary or a biased random walk for this purpose. Their key part is a (dis)similarity matrix, according to which nodes are grouped. This study en- compasses the use of a stochastic matrix of a random walk, its mean first-passage time matrix, and a matrix of weighted paths count. We briefly indicate the connection between those quantities and propose substituting the maximal-entropy random walk for the previously chosen models. This unique random walk maximises the entropy of ensembles of paths of given length and endpoints, which results in equiprobability of those paths. We compare the performance of the selected algorithms on LFR benchmark graphs. The results show that the change in performance depends very strongly on the particular algorithm, and can lead to slight improvements as well as to significant deterioration.     

基于激光多普勒测速仪的车载组合导航

 针对车载纯捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)导航精度随时间增长而降低的不足,提出了基于激光多普勒测速仪（LDV）这一新型速度传感器的组合导航方案。通过建立SINS/LDV组合导航系统的状态方程和量测方程,设计了系统的卡尔曼滤波器,并对组合导航系统进行了仿真模拟。结果表明：SINS/LDV组合方案能够有效减小SINS导航参数随时间的累积误差,可以实现全自主、高精度导航;当LDV测速精度为0.1%时,组合导航系统的位置精度提高了2个数量级,速度精度提高了1个数量级。     

Survival of Classical and Quantum Particles in the Presence of Traps

We present a detailed comparison of the motion of a classical and of a quantum particle in the presence of trapping sites, within the framework of continuous-time classical and quantum random walk. The main emphasis is on the qualitative differences in the temporal behavior of the survival probabilities of both kinds of particles. As a general rule, static traps are far less efficient to absorb quantum particles than classical ones. Several lattice geometries are successively considered: an infinite chain with a single trap, a finite ring with a single trap, a finite ring with several traps, and an infinite chain and a higher-dimensional lattice with a random distribution of traps with a given density. For the latter disordered systems, the classical and the quantum survival probabilities obey a stretched exponential asymptotic decay, albeit with different exponents. These results confirm earlier predictions, and the corresponding amplitudes are evaluated. In the one-dimensional geometry of the infinite chain, we obtain a full analytical prediction for the amplitude of the quantum problem, including its dependence on the trap density and strength.