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1.
本文叙述的气体超声波流量计,采用了声阻抗匹配的超声波换能器,用微型计算机进行测量及数据处理,克服了时差法的温度效应问题,使仪器有更大的灵活性和可靠性.本文给出了实验室和天然气管线现场的试验结果;超声波流量计与孔板流量计测量对比,其误差在0.6%以内.此外,文章还对设计方法和影响测量精度等某些因素作了讨论.  相似文献   

2.
针对自调式J-T制冷器的流量测量,介绍了几种常用的气体流量计,结合制冷器的实际需求对其进行了分析,认为从进气端测量科里奥利质量流量计较为合适,而在排气端测量选用湿式气体流量计较为合适。  相似文献   

3.
速差法超声波气体流量计的原理和校准   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本文简要地介绍一种利用超声脉冲沿顺、逆流方向上传播速度之差来测定气体流速及流量的新的微机化超声波气体流量计的工作原理,以及它在内径为700mm,流速在3—13m\s范围内的校准结果.实验结果表明该微机化超声气体流量计的测速精度优于±2%.  相似文献   

4.
超声波测流量   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
一、超声波测流量的优点 利用超声波测量液体和气体的流速、流量,很早就有人研究,由于技术水平所限,一直没有很大发展.最近几十年由于电子技术的进步,超声波流量计获得实际应用,而且日益完善,与经典的流量计相比,超声波流量计具有下述优点: 1.超声波流量计能作成非接触式,可对不易接触和观察的流体进行测量. 2.超声波流量计不受流体物理性质和化学性质的影响,诸如流体的粘性、导电性、混浊性及腐蚀性等均不防碍超声波流量计的应用. 3.超声波流量计的指示读数与所测流体流量成线性函数,便于流量的直接读数、记录和流量累…  相似文献   

5.
本简要地介绍一种利用超声脉冲沿顺、逆流方向上传播速度之差来测定气体流速及流量的新的微机化超声波气体流量的工作原理,以及它在内径为700mm,流速在3-13m/s范围内的校准结果,实验结果表明该微机化超声气体流量计的测速精度优于±2%。  相似文献   

6.
利用三通管的相分离特性,从被测气液两相流体中分流分离出一部分单相气体,通过测量这部分单相气体的流量计算被测气液两相流体的流量或干度.文中给出了这种分流分相式气液两相流体流量计的组成原理,分流系数特性及实验结果.  相似文献   

7.
本文针对超声波气体流量计,提出了一种基于模型的超声波渡越时间测量的新方法。该方法首先通过超声波接收探头获取声波信号,然后建立超声波接收信号从起振到稳定的数学模型,最后通过模型参数拟合得到渡越时间参数最优值。作为初步研究,在内径100 mm管径下分别进行了静态和动态渡越时间测量实验。研究结果表明,建立的超声波接收信号的模型是有效的,提出的基于模型的超声波气体流量计渡越时间测量方法是可行的。  相似文献   

8.
取样管型流分相式气液两相流体流量计   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
提出了用取样管来组成一种分流分相式气液两相流体流量计,通过取样管从被测两相流中成比例地分流出一部分气液混合物,然后应用-小型分离器将其分离成单相气体和液体,并用单相流量计分别测量它们的流量,最后根据测量值计算被测两相流体的各相总流量.文中给出了这种两相流体流量计的组成原理,分流系数特性及实验结果.研究结果表明,取样管的端口形状对分流系数的特性影响较大,其中S型端口的效果较理想,能够在较宽的测量范围内保持分流系数的稳定.  相似文献   

9.
郭涛  王志强  李成 《应用声学》2021,40(2):269-273
超声波时差法测量精度的提高,不仅使流量计的测量值更加准确,更能满足工业生产监控的智能化及自动化的需求。文中对时差法流量计的测量原理以及影响因素进行分析,结合超声波接收原理,设计了过零检测电路结构,并在顺逆流的时间差的测量问题上,应用互相关算法,完成对时间测量的自补偿。实验结果显示:在采取以上补偿方法后,能有效改善流量计精度,时差测量误差小于0.8%,并提高了测量实时性。  相似文献   

10.
气体探测器是北京谱仪Ⅲ(BESⅢ)的重要组成部分,其性能直接影响BESⅢ的正常运行,而气体比分及其稳定性是影响气体探测器性能的关键参数。ETOF端盖升级为气体探测器后需要监测质量流配比混合气精度,本文设计了一套实验分析方法。北京谱仪原有两个气体探测器,加上北京谱仪端盖飞行时间探测器ETOF共三个气体探测器,本文设计了一套自动分析系统,将三个探测器实现实时切换自动分析。该系统从北京谱仪新型气体探测器多气隙电阻板室(Multi-gapResistive Plate Chamber,MRPC)、主漂移室(MDC)、缪子探测器前端混气缸通向BESⅢ中的混合气体中分别抽取少量混合气体,通过气相色谱仪GC7890A用气相色谱法对混合气体质量比分进行实时监测与分析。GC7890A通过长时间监测分析混合气体质量比分,和质量流量计设定质量流量比分相比,前后两者基本一致。表明质量流量计工作在正常状态,气体比分稳定,可以保证探测器实验运行正常。  相似文献   

11.
A microcomputer-based ultrasonic gas flowmeter with transit-time method is presented. Modules of the flowmeter are designed systematically, including the acoustic path arrangement, ultrasound emission and reception module, transit-time measurement module, the software and so on. Four 200 kHz transducers forming two acoustic paths are used to send and receive ultrasound simultaneously. The synchronization of the transducers can eliminate the influence caused by the inherent switch time in simple chord flowmeter. The distribution of the acoustic paths on the mechanical apparatus follows the Tailored integration, which could reduce the inherent error by 2–3% compared with the Gaussian integration commonly used in the ultrasonic flowmeter now. This work also develops timing modules to determine the flight time of the acoustic signal. The timing mechanism is different from the traditional method. The timing circuit here adopts high capability chip TDC-GP2, with the typical resolution of 50 ps. The software of Labview is used to receive data from the circuit and calculate the gas flow value. Finally, the two paths flowmeter has been calibrated and validated on the test facilities for air flow in Shaanxi Institute of Measurement & Testing.  相似文献   

12.
Ultrasonic measurement of gas flow using electrostatic transducers   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
O'Sullivan IJ  Wright WM 《Ultrasonics》2002,40(1-8):407-411
Ultrasonic gas flowmeters typically use narrowband piezoelectric transducer arrangements for interrogating the flow of gas in a pipe. In this work, the suitability of broadband electrostatic transducers operating at frequencies of up to 1 MHz for ultrasonic measurement of gas flow has been investigated. The transit time method of ultrasonic gas flow measurement was adopted and experiments were carried out using a laboratory test rig capable of producing a range of gas flowrates up to 17.5 m/s. The test rig also allowed easy interchange of different prototype flowmetering sections. Times of flight of ultrasonic waves interrogating the gas flow were measured using separate send/receive electrostatic transducer arrangements. Two flowmeter configurations were considered. The first interrogated the flow at 45 degrees in contra-propagating upstream and downstream directions. The second consisted of an up-stream interrogation at 45 degrees to the gas flow and an interrogation made normal to the flow direction. k factors correlating the fluid velocity along the ultrasonic path with the mean fluid velocity in the pipe were calculated using experimental ultrasonic data and anemometer measurements. All transducer configurations were numerically modelled using the computational fluid dynamics software package FLOTRAN (ANSYS Inc.). Theoretical gas flow velocities for both transducer arrangements were subsequently compared with experimental values and found to be in excellent agreement. A flow-dependent frequency shift of the received ultrasonic signals was also observed simultaneously with the transit time measurement.  相似文献   

13.
杜乔  姜文  李春景 《应用声学》2017,25(5):53-55
燃油系统输油流量测试是飞机燃油系统地面模拟试验的一项重要内容;由于试验油箱内部的各管路与真实飞机油箱管路的布置是一致的,不适合在油箱内的狭小空间安装涡轮流量计,并且会破坏管路流阻特性;由于使用传统油箱油量标定的方法进行输油流量测量耗时耗力,所以需要采用一种新的技术或测量方法来完成油箱输油流量的测量;超声波流量计体积小,不会破坏输油管路流阻特性,防爆等级也符合试验要求;对超声波流量计在浸油状态下测试进行可行性分析,将超声波流量计在飞机燃油系统试验中实现创新性应用;通过试验证明了超声波流量计在飞机燃油流量测试中发挥了重要作用,并且首次将超声波流量计应用到飞机试验油箱内部输油管路的流量测试中,这对飞机其他系统的流量测试和飞机机上排故试验起到了重要作用。  相似文献   

14.
王新峰  熊显潮  高敏忠 《物理学报》2011,60(11):114303-114303
为获取液体介质的声速值,设计了一种测定流体声速的实验方法,该方法利用时差式超声波流量计和标准流量校验设备同时对封闭管道中的液体进行流速测量,分别得到流速的测量值和真实值,从而计算出超声波流量计的仪表系数,并以此导出了一定条件下液体介质的声速值随仪表系数的变化关系式.利用该方法测量给出了0.17 MPa下四氧化二氮(N2O4)在7.6-19.4 ℃、偏二甲肼((CH3)2NNH2)在6.5-25.2 ℃范围内的流体声速值,并为其他液体介质的声速测量提供了借鉴. 关键词: 超声波流量计 声速 仪表系数 温度  相似文献   

15.
Lynnworth LC  Liu Y 《Ultrasonics》2006,44(Z1):e1371-e1378
Ultrasonic flowmeters are one of the fastest-growing technologies within the general field of instruments for process monitoring, measurement and control. Today, acoustic/ultrasonic flowmeters utilize clamp-on and wetted transducers, single and multiple paths, paths on and off the diameter, passive and active principles, contrapropagating transmission, reflection (Doppler), tag correlation, vortex shedding, liquid level sensing of open channel flow or flow in partially-full conduits, and other interactions. Ultrasonic flowmeters are applicable to liquids, gases, and multiphase mixtures, but not without limits. However, no single technology, nor one type of interaction within a technology, can be best for all fluids, occasions and situations. Users who select a particular type of ultrasonic flowmeter over one based on a competing (nonultrasonic) technology often do so for one (or more) of the following reasons: ultrasonic equipment provides a useful measurement whether the fluid is single-phase or not single-phase; equipment is easy to use; flow regime can be laminar, transitional or turbulent; transducers are totally external (no penetration of the pressure boundary); transducers, if not clamp-on, are minimally invasive; no excess pressure drop; when certain conditions are met, accuracy can be better than 0.5%; fast (ms) response; reliable despite temperature extremes; reasonable purchase price, installation, operating and maintenance costs. Sometimes mass flowrate is obtainable. Energy flowrate might be achieved for natural gas and biogas in the near future. How did ultrasonic flowmeters advance in the past fifty years to support such claims? This paper tries to answer this question by looking at ultrasonic flowmeter inventions and publications since 1955, to see how four key problems were solved.  相似文献   

16.
Willatzen M 《Ultrasonics》2003,41(2):105-114
Ultrasonic flowmeter performance is addressed for the case of cylindrically shaped flowmeters employing two reciprocal ultrasonic transducers A and B so as to measure time-of-flight differences between signals transmitted from transducer A towards B followed by an equivalent signal transmitted from transducer B towards A. In the case where a liquid flows through the flowmeter's measuring section ("spoolpiece"), the arrival times of the two signals differ by an amount related to the flow passing between the two transducers. Firstly, a detailed study of flow measurement errors with mean flow in the laminar flow regime is carried out as a function of the mode index and the transducer diameter/cylinder diameter ratio in the case where no temperature gradients are present in the flowmeter sensor. It is shown that all modes except the fundamental mode overestimate the mean flow by a factor of 33.33% while excitation of the fundamental mode solely give error-free measurements. The immediate consequences are that the flowmeter error decreases as the transducer diameter/cylinder diameter ratio approaches 1 from 0 reflecting the fact that the excitation level of the fundamental mode increases from almost 0 to 1 as this ratio approaches 1 from 0. Secondly, the effect on flowmeter performance due to flow-induced temperature gradients is examined. It is shown that the presence of temperature gradients leads to flowmeter errors at the higher-flow values even in the case where the fundamental mode is the only mode excited. It is also deduced that flowmeter errors in general depend on the distance between transducers A and B whether temperature gradients exist or not. This conclusion is not reflected in the usual definition of flowmeter errors given by the so-called mode-dependent deviation of measurement introduced in earlier works.  相似文献   

17.
A theory of transit time ultrasonic flowmeters for clean fluids is developed from the equations of fluid mechanics applied simultaneously to the fluid and the sound vibrations. These equations are linearized (weak sound) and use is made of the electroacoustic reciprocity theorem to give a relation between the voltages and currents at the transducer terminals and the fluid velocity. The technique of “reciprocal operation” of a transit time ultrasonic flowmeter is described and the way this technique eliminates zero drift is explained. The theory can be applied to meters with broad sound beams (which provide a better average over velocity profiles) or meters in which the wavelength of sound is not necessarily small compared with the duct diameter. Small modificaition of the sound field (due to flow) is assumed and the resulting phase (or amplitude) shift of the received signal is expressed as an integral throughout the fluid of the dot product of the fluid velocity and a weight vector defined in terms of the sound fields in the stationary fluid. Simple flowmeter designs which approach the ideal of complete immunity to velocity distribution are described.  相似文献   

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