氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定汾河太原段沉积物中镉

研究了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定沉积物中痕量镉的适宜条件.考察了镉信号增强剂、常用酸及酸度和还原剂用量对测定的影响,优选了仪器条件.结果表明,镉发生氢化物反应条件为酸性介质;1.5%盐酸作载流,硼氢化钾还原剂浓度为25.0g·L-1,载气流量为500mL·min-1,主阴极灯电流为50-60mA,原子化器高度为16mm,荧光强度较大且稳定.在最佳测定条件下,其线性范围在0-5μg·mL-1,相关系数r＞0.9990,最低检出浓度为0.0070ng·L-1,相对标准偏差为2.7%-5.6%,回收率为89.01%-117.0%,用于沉积物中镉的测定,结果令人满意.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定螺旋藻中的铅

研究了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定螺旋藻中Pb的适宜条件,分析了酸度、硼氢化钾和基体改进剂浓度、载气流量、灯电流以及原子化器高度等对测定的影响,优选了测定条件.结果表明,铅发生氢化物反应条件为酸性介质,1.5％的盐酸作载流,硼氢化钾还原剂浓度为20g/L,载气流量为500mL/min,空心阴极灯灯电流为60mA,原子化器高度为10mm,此时荧光值强度较大且稳定.最佳测定条件下,其线性范围为0-100ng/mL,相关系数0.9994,仪器检出限为0.383μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.39％,回收率为88.9％-95.9％.用标准物质进行对照,其测定值在给定的标准值不确定度范围之内.对螺旋藻中铅的测定,结果令人满意.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定食品添加剂碳酸钙中的砷

用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定食品添加剂碳酸钙中的砷,优化了仪器的工作条件,考察了酸度、还原剂和预还原剂的影响以及共存元素的干扰情况。结果表明,加入硫脲-抗坏血酸溶液后,碳酸钙中可能存在的共存元素铁、铅、镉、铜、硒、锡、铬、锌等不干扰砷的测定。方法检出限为0.0124μg/L,回收率为101.2%—102.0%,精密度为0.37%。该法具有操作简单,灵敏度高,重现性好等优点,能满足日常检验的要求。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定海水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)

提出了一种断续流动注射氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法测定海水中砷的方法。优化了流动注射氢化物反应发生条件为：5.0％盐酸-0.1 mol·L-1柠檬酸为载流和样品介质,2％ KBH₄-0.5％ KOH还原剂,用氩气将产生的砷化氢带入氢氩焰中原子化,原子荧光光谱法检测。有机砷在此实验条件下不形成干扰,As(Ⅴ)须经预还原后测定。分析了青岛栈桥海滨浴场等海域采集的实际海水样品,实验结果表明海水样品中有机砷含量低,在大批量样品测定时,测定海水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的量可以近似反映近海海域中砷污染情况。     

原子荧光光谱法测定黄铁矿中碲的含量

采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法,考察了原子化器高度、负高压、灯电流、载气流速、屏蔽气流速、介质酸度、载流酸度和硼氢化钾浓度对测定的影响,优化了测定条件。用硫脲-抗坏血酸做干扰抑制剂消除大量基体元素及常见元素对碲元素测定的干扰,确定了黄铁矿中痕量碲的分析方法。     

断续流动-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定硫磺中的微量砷

采用断续流动-无色散氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定硫磺样品中的微量砷含量。采用一系列单一变量优化了酸度、还原剂浓度、共存元素以及载流流速对氢化物发生的影响,本方法快速简单、灵敏度高、检出限低。检测线性范围为1．0—100μg/L,检出限为为0．519μg／L,回收率为91．4％-99．2％。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定小麦粉中的砷

归纳了氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定粮食样品中砷的适宜条件,包括载液酸度、介质浓度和还原剂的加入时间对测定结果的影响,选择仪器的最佳工作条件及氢化物发生条件.结果表明:适宜的载液为5.0%HCl;KBH4适宜的浓度范围为1.0%-2.0%;加入还原剂的适当时间4-8s.方法线性范围为0-0.150μg·g-1,相关系数r=0.9972,试验回收率95.54%-97.33%.     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法直接测定水样中砷(Ⅲ)和砷(Ⅴ)

建立了氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法直接测定水样中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的方法.无需任何预分离技术,通过直接调节氢化物发生反应的酸度而实现As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的形态分离分析.研究了NaBH4、还原剂KI用量以及其他实验条件等对测定结果的影响,并进行了共存元素的干扰实验.结果表明,砷的检出限为0.026μg·L-1,相对标准偏差在2%左右,回收率为97.5%～103.0%,所建立的分析方法具有很强的适用性.     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定三七中的砷

采用硝酸、高氯酸混合酸消解试样 ,氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定三七中的砷 ,并对仪器的工作条件、盐酸、还原剂用量、共存元素的干扰进行了试验。方法的检出限为 7.4 ng· g-1;测定精密度为 4 .67%— 7.0 1 % ;回收率在 97%— 1 0 1 %之间     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定磷酸盐中砷和锑

采用盐酸溶解三聚磷酸钠、磷酸氢钙试样,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定砷和锑,对仪器条件、盐酸、预还原剂、还原剂用量、共存离子干扰进行了试验。方法的检出限砷为6.3ng·g-1,锑为6.8ng·g-1,砷的测定精密度为1.14%—5.42%,回收率为99.4%—103.5%,锑的测定精密度为1.25%—1.77%,回收率为98.0%—101.9%。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.