光学总论 量子光学

O431.2 2006031803利用谐振倍频产生纠缠光束=Experi mental generation ofentangled lights from resonating frequency doubler [刊,中]/罗玉(山西大学光电研究所,量子光学与光量子器件国家重点实验室.山西,太原(030006)) ,李莹…∥光学学报.—2006 ,26(2) .—305-309根据Anderson等人近期的理论研究,简要介绍了Ⅱ类相位匹配倍频过程产生纠缠光的理论计算过程,得出了纠缠的类型、纠缠度与抽运功率的函数关系和纠缠度的理论值。利用Ⅱ类非临界相位匹配的KTP晶体作为倍频晶体,采用倍频腔结构为半整块的单端驻波腔,在基频光波长获得了具有…     

由NOPA产生高质量明亮压缩光及明亮EPR光束

通过非简并光学参量放大器获得了明亮双模正交压缩光及明亮EPR光束.实验测得明亮耦合模的正交振幅压缩为57±02dB;信号模与闲置模的正交振幅和(正交位相差)的起伏低于散粒噪声极限54±02dB(54±02dB),EPR关联的乘积为0332±0003. 关键词： 明亮双模正交压缩光 明亮EPR光束 非简并光学参量放大器     

用外腔谐振倍频产生明亮绿光振幅压缩态光场

用1080nm激光抽运由α-切割Ⅱ类位相匹配KTP晶体和一个凹面镜组成的半整块驻波倍频腔，腔内的两个亚谐波模共振、谐波模近共振，在1080 nm抽运光功率为50mW时，获得了实测3.1±0.2 dB(～51%)的540nm波长明亮振幅压缩光. 关键词： 外腔谐振倍频 Ⅱ 类位相匹配 明亮振幅压缩光     

利用外腔谐振倍频产生780nm原子吸收线明亮振幅压缩光

采用连续单频1.56μm激光光源作为泵浦光,通过周期极化铌酸锂晶体外腔倍频过程实验制备出位于原子吸收波线的780nm明亮振幅压缩态光场。在利用2个模清洁器过滤基频光的强度噪声、使之在分析频率4MHz处达到散粒噪声的基础上,利用谐振倍频获得输出功率为10mW、转换效率达40%的倍频光,实测的780nm明亮振幅压缩光的压缩度为0.6dB。     

1.3μm量子通讯波段强度差压缩光的实验产生

利用输出波长为1.3μm的全固态单频红外激光器进行外腔倍频,获得稳定的外腔倍频红光激光输出,产生的红光用来泵浦由Ⅱ类非临界相位匹配的LBO晶体构建的光学参量振荡腔。在光学参量振荡器非简并运转的情况下,观察到了信号光和闲置光的强度差起伏的关联,实测强度差噪声压缩度为3.9 dB。     

利用自制的单频激光器获得近通讯波段正交振幅压缩态光场

利用自制的1.34 μm和0.67 μm双波长输出单频激光器作为泵浦源,泵浦基于PPKTP晶体的光学参量放大器,通过边带锁频技术将光学参量放大腔腔长锁定在激光频率上,将泵浦光和信号光相对相位锁定在π相位,经参量缩小过程获得低于散粒噪声极限约3 dB的正交振幅压缩光.压缩光位于光纤通信窗口——1.3 μm波段.     

二次谐波过程反射场的纠缠特性研究

本文从运动方程出发分析了三模共振条件下Ⅱ类相位匹配倍频过程中腔反射的泵浦场非经典特性.分别讨论了阈值以上、阈值以下两种情况下的稳态解.在此基础上分析了反射基频光正交分量的量子起伏特性,并结合实验参数计算了反射泵浦场两个垂直偏振模的量子纠缠特性,讨论了纠缠度与输出耦合、腔内损耗等参量的关系.     

利用非平衡光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪探测频率非简并纠缠态光场

采用两对光纤构成的非平衡Mach-Zehnder干涉仪，对非简并光学参量振荡腔产生的20mW频率非简并孪生光束间的强度差与位相和的关联噪声进行测量，在分析频率为2MHz处测得关联噪声分别低于散粒噪声基准31和13dB，从实验上证实了在较低分析频率处孪生光束之间有较高量子纠缠. 关键词： 光学参量振荡腔 孪生光束 光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪     

高效率高安全度连续变量量子保密通讯

利用明亮纠缠态光场的EPR关联[1,2],我们实现了连续变量量子保密通讯.系统中EPR源被置于接收站(Bob)内,关联光束之一(信号光)被传送至发射站(Alice),另一束(闲置光)被保留在接收站(Bob)内.Alice将密钥串以二进位量子比特方式调制在信号光束的正交相位振幅分量之上,使信号振幅低于信号光自身的量子噪声,但高于纠缠态光场的关联噪声.     

利用周期性极化KTP外腔谐振倍频过程实现明亮振幅压缩光

利用自制的单频连续Nd:YVO4激光器输出的1064 nm激光作为抽运源,通过周期性极化KTP晶体外腔倍频过程实现了倍频绿光的正交振幅压缩,并研究了绿光压缩度对抽运光功率的依赖关系,当抽运光功率为59 mW时,实验中观察到压缩度为0.6 dB(考虑到探测效率,实际压缩度为1.1 dB)的明亮绿光振幅压缩光,实验结果与理论预测基本一致。     

利用II类相位匹配谐振倍频产生多种非经典光场

回顾了产生压缩光场和纠缠光场的实验的发展过程,包括倍频过程产生压缩光的实验进展。设计了双共振半整块驻波倍频腔,通过谐振倍频过程获得波长为540nm的绿光,完成了同时产生多种压缩光场和纠缠光场的实验。     

连续变量纠缠态光场在光纤中传输特性的实验研究

连续变量纠缠态由于其确定性产生、高效率的特点而被广泛应用于连续变量量子信息处理.在量子信息处理过程中纠缠态与量子信道发生相互作用而退相干,这是限制长距离量子信息发展的重要因素之一.光纤信道作为理想的量子信道,是目前连续变量量子信息研究关注的热点.本文利用Ⅱ类匹配的楔角极化磷酸氧钛钾晶体构成了三共振的非简并光学参量放大器,获得了8.3 dB的光通信波段1.5μm连续变量纠缠态光场.将产生的纠缠态光场注入单模光纤,其量子特性在传输距离达50 km后仍得到保持,纠缠度为0.21dB.该研究可为基于光纤的长距离连续变量量子信息研究提供有效的依据.     

Time evolution law of a two-mode squeezed light field passing through twin diffusion channels

We explore the time evolution law of a two-mode squeezed light field(pure state)passing through twin diffusion channels,and we find that the final state is a squeezed chaotic light field(mixed state)with entanglement,which shows that even though the two channels are independent of each other,since the two modes of the initial state are entangled with each other,the final state remains entangled.Nevertheless,although the squeezing(entanglement)between the two modes is weakened after the diffusion,it is not completely removed.We also highlight the law of photon number evolution.In the calculation process used in this paper,we make full use of the summation method within the ordered product of operators and the generating function formula for two-variable Hermite polynomials.     

多个量子节点确定性纠缠的建立

量子纠缠是一种重要的量子资源,在多个空间分离的量子存储器间建立确定性的量子纠缠,然后在用户控制的时刻将所存储的量子纠缠转移到量子信道中进行信息的分发和传送,这对于实现量子信息网络是至关重要的.本文介绍了用光学参量放大器制备与铷原子D1吸收线对应的非经典光场,而且在三个空间分离的原子系综中确定性量子纠缠的产生、存储和转移.利用电磁感应透明光和原子相互作用的原理,将制备的多组分光场纠缠态模式映射到三个远距离的原子系综以建立原子自旋波之间的纠缠.然后,存储在原子系综中的纠缠态通过三个量子通道,纠缠态的量子噪声被转移到三束空间分离的正交纠缠光场.三束释放的光场间纠缠的存在验证了该系统具有保持多组分纠缠的能力.这个方案实现了三个量子节点间的纠缠,并且可以直接扩展到具有更多节点的量子网络,为未来实现大型量子网络通信奠定了基础.     

两腔级联纠缠增强的理论分析

高纠缠度的纠缠源是实现高保真度量子信息传输与处理的保障,因为受到光学元器件自身性能不完美的限制,通过有效的操控手段来提高光场的纠缠度是十分必要的.连续变量Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen纠缠态光场可以利用工作在阈值以下的非简并光学参量放大器来获得.将两个非简并光学参量放大器级联,可以利用第二个光学腔来操控第一个光学腔输出的纠缠态光场,在一定条件下实现光场的纠缠增强.本文通过理论分析设计出两种光学腔级联的实验系统,其中,纠缠产生装置采用具有三共振结构的半整块驻波腔,输出到目前为止世界上单腔获得两组份纠缠态光场纠缠度的最高值,操控光学腔采用驻波腔或四镜环形腔的结构.详细对比分析了不同结构的操控腔对纠缠增强效果的影响,得出利用不同腔形作为操控腔的最佳实验方案.同时分析了级联腔输出光场的纠缠度随不同物理参量的变化关系,得出进一步优化的最佳实验系统参量,为实验获得更高纠缠度的纠缠态光场提供了依据.     

利用置于光腔中的非线性耦合器制备压缩和连续变量纠缠光

利用置于光腔中的非线性耦合器制备了压缩和连续变量纠缠光.通过特征函数方法解析求解了双模腔场满足的主方程.分析发现：在一定的条件下,此系统能产生稳定的双模压缩和连续变量纠缠光,且压缩和纠缠的强度与系统的耦合参量及腔场损耗系数密切相关.     

Bright entangled light from two-mode cascade laser

We show that a two-mode three-level cascade laser driven by external coherent fields generate intense entangled light. It turns out that external driving fields which are at resonance with the cavity modes substantially improve the intensity of the two-mode light in the cavity in a region where the squeezing and entanglement is significant making the system under consideration a viable source of bright squeezed as well as entangled light.     

Amplification of entangled states of squeezed light

Two amplification schemes are considered for entangled squeezed states of light, including an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state of continuous variables (EPR pair): propagation in a nonlinear medium and reflection from a cavity. Both schemes make use of a parametric process that can be implemented in a periodic nonlinear medium. The existence of an integral of motion makes it possible to amplify an entangled state of light while preserving the initial entanglement. To analyze the cavity-based scheme, a master equation is derived for the density matrix of the field inside the cavity. The feasibility of amplification that preserves entanglement of an EPR pair is demonstrated for this scheme.     

Preparation of entangled squeezed states and quantification of their entanglement

We propose a scheme for generating bipartite and multipartite entangled squeezed states via the Jaynes－Cummings model with large detuning. Bipartite entanglement of these entangled states is quantified by the concurrence. We also use the N-tangle to compute multipartite entanglement of these multipartite entangled squeezed states. Finally we discuss two limiting cases which arise from r→∞ and r→0, in which the multipartite entangled squeezed state reduces correspondingly into an N-qubit Greenberger－Horne－Zeilinger state and an N-qubit W state.     

Macroscopic Superpositions and Entanglement of Mesoscopic Squeezed Vacuum States in Dissipative Cavity QED System

A scheme has been proposed for generating the macroscopic superpositions and the entanglement between the mesoscopic squeezed vacuum states by considering the two-photon interaction of N two-level atoms in a dissipative cavity with high quality factor assisted by a strong driving field. A number of multiparty entangled states between the atoms and the squeezed vacuum states, among the atoms, and among the squeezed vacuum states, can be prepared by virtue of a specific choice of the cavity detuning and the detuning of applied coherent field under the dissipation condition. The corresponding analytical expressions of the influence can be given. Moreover, we can also give a series of macroscopic entangled states between the usual coherent states and the squeezed vacuum states using the combination of the dissipative one-photon interaction Hamiltonian with the dissipative two-photon interaction Hamiltonian. We also discuss the experimental feasibility. Our scheme can be realized in the current techniques on the cavity QED.