在ADC(2)水平上通过从头算非绝热动力学方法模拟硝酸甲酯的光解

在ADC(2)水平上通过轨线面跳跃方法模拟了硝酸甲酯的非绝热动力学. 结果证实该体系存在快速的非绝热动力学过程,导致了体系回到电子基态. 当动力学从S₁和S₂电子态开始时,光解产物是CH₃O+NO₂,这个发现与实验研究的结果以及更高精度的XMS-CASPT2水平上模拟出的结果一致. 在ADC(2)水平上,当动力学从S₃态开始时,光解产物依然是CH₃O+NO₂. 该研究表明：ADC(2)方法可用于研究硝酸甲酯在长波下的光解机理,然而无法用于理解其在短波段下的光解动力学. 本文为在ADC(2)水平上处理类似化合物的光诱导过程提供了有价值的信息.     

流动注射法探究模拟酶催化过氧亚硝酸根氧化酪氨酸的动力学特征

过氧亚硝酸根作为生物体内高活性自由基,能损伤多种生物大分子进而引起一系列重大疾病,对其含量测定和反应机制的研究具有重要意义。过氧亚硝酸根性质活泼,反应速率快,捕捉其动态过程十分困难。本文首次利用流动注射分析仪探究在不同模拟酶血红蛋白和氯化血红素的催化下,过氧亚硝酸根氧化酪氨酸体系的动力学特征。结果表明:过氧亚硝酸根在两种酶催化下氧化酪氨酸的过程均遵循MichaelisMenten的动力学规律;根据米氏常数K_m和最大初速率V_(max),推断其反应机制,经模拟酶催化的过氧亚硝酸根能直接氧化与模拟酶结合后的酪氨酸快速生成酪氨酸二聚体,未生成·OH和O_2~-·。此外,我们还检测了不同温度、pH下两种模拟酶催化的速率常数,得到血红蛋白催化该体系的最适条件为25℃和pH 8.0,速率常数k_(cat)=1.035×10~6 mol·L~(-1)·s~(-1),氯化血红素适宜在37℃和pH 9.5的条件下催化该体系,速率常数k_(cat)=6.842×10~5 mol·L~(-1)·s~(-1);比较动力学参数K_m~(Hb)(4.46μmol·L~(-1))K_m~(Hemin)(4.90μmol·L~(-1)),V_(max)~Hb(Hb)(0.072ΔI_F/s)V_(max)~(Hemin)(0.026ΔI_F/s),发现最适条件下血红蛋白的速率常数大于氯化血红素,得到血红蛋白对于该体系的催化活性高于氯化血红素。以上结果为探究酶催化法测定过氧亚硝酸根含量及其反应机理提供动力学参数,对于防治生物体内自由基引起的相关疾病与诊断新技术的开发奠定理论基础。     

NO2 在第二电子吸收带的光解

运用单光子激光诱导荧光方法 ,研究了NO2 分子在第二吸收带的光解反应动力学 .首次报道了NO2(B2 B2 态 )光解初生态产物NO自由基的v″ =1,2的转动分布 .发现了NO自由基v″ =1的明显双模式分布 .进而提出了可能有两种竞争机理控制该反应     

青蒿素与氯化血红素作用的荧光研究及分析应用

介绍了吡罗红为指示剂通过荧光降低法研究青蒿素与氯化血红素之间的相互作用.实验发现两者为酶和底物作用模型,作用位点为药物的过氧基团和氯化血红素活性中心的金属离子,其动力学催化常数Km,Vmax和Kcat分别为8.4×10-5mol· L-1,7.4×10-6mol·L-1·s-1及50.23 s-1,催化活性分别受去激活剂和高温影响.在最佳条件下,荧光降低值△F(F0-F)与青蒿素浓度在0.0～1.27×10-6mol·L-1范围内成线性关系,检测限为2.3×10-8 mol·L-1,该方法已用于测定血浆和尿液介质中的微量青蒿素.     

亚硝基苯光解过程中的能量配置

利用单光子激光诱导荧光 (LIF)技术 ,测量了亚硝基苯 (C6H5NO)初生态光解碎片NO(X 2 　Πv″=1,2 ,3)的转动光谱 .通过对初生态光解碎片NO(X2 　Π )内能态布居的分析 ,得到了NO(X 2 　Π )的转动温度和相对振动布居比 ,研究了亚硝基苯在 2 6 6nm激光光解过程中的能量配置情况 .与小分子相比 ,大的亚硝基苯分子 ,其光解过程中能量分布很宽 ,涉及到所有自由度 .     

CS2 分子 1 B2(1 Σ+u )态预解离动力学研究

研究了CS2 分子1B2 (1Σ+u )预离解态线形势垒下的g振动能级光解动力学,包括预解离寿命、产物振转布居、平动振动转动能量分配和解离通道分支比.在实验过程中,一束可调谐激光激发超声射流冷却的CS2 分子到1B2 (1Σ+u )电子态,光解产物CS用另一束可调谐激光通过激光诱导荧光(LIF)方法检测.通过拟合光解碎片激发谱的谱峰轮廓,获得了源于不同跃迁初始态的1B2 (1Σ+u )态g振动能级的预解离寿命.通过分析CS的LIF光谱,则获得了不同光解波长下CS碎片的v=0~8振动态布居、v=1、4 ~8振动态的转动布居、能量分配以及两个预解离通道CS(X1Σ+ ) +S(3PJ)和CS(X1Σ+ ) +S(1D2 )的分支比.实验还考察了初始态弯曲振动量子数v2″、振动角动量量子数l对解离动力学的影响.发现v2″的影响不大,而l的影响却是明显的.较大的l(=K)对应于较短的寿命和较小的通道分支比S(3PJ) /S(1D2 ),即大的l(=K)有利于预解离的发生,同时更有利于产生S(1D2 ).     

在相反电荷表面活性剂存在下阳离子瓜尔胶水溶液流变行为

合成了阳离子瓜尔胶(CG),研究了其水溶液在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)存在下的流变行为．测定结果表明,随SDS浓度的增加,溶液零切黏度增加了3个数量级以上．小幅振荡剪切实验结果表明模量几乎和SDS浓度无关,但是驰豫时间则随着SDS浓度增加而迅速增加．因此,SDS的加入将会使交联点的强度增加,但是不会改变交联点密度．SDS对CG流变行为的影响可以用两阶段模型加以描述．在SDS存在下CG水溶液流变行为主要受到由SDS胶束形成的交联点的控制．根据Arrhenius公式得到的瓜儿胶水溶液的流动活化能在将SDS分子疏水尾端从胶束移到水相之中所需能量是一致的.     

天然气水合物快速合成可视化实验研究

水合物法储运天然气技术在安全、高效储运天然气方面极具应用潜力，其中甲烷水合物合成动力学又对该技术的发展至关重要。为此，实验研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度以及初始压力、初始温度对四氢呋喃(THF)+SDS组合溶液中甲烷水合物合成动力学的影响规律。研究表明，SDS的加入显著地改善了水合物合成速率和最终气体吸收量，但随着SDS浓度增加动力学促进效果逐渐减弱，即存在动力学效果最佳的SDS浓度。此外，SDS不但加速了水合物的生长，而且随SDS浓度增加水合物的生长模式也由优先气相转变为优先液相。最后发现，甲烷水合物最终气体吸收量随初始压力和初始温度升高而增加，合成速率随初始压力升高而增加随初始温度升高而减小。     

间氟溴苯分子240 nm紫外光解动力学（英文）

利用时间切片离子速度成像技术研究了间氟溴苯分子在240 nm附近的紫外波段的光解动力学.实验上在三个不同光解波长处测量了光解产生的Br(~2P_(3/2))和Br(~2P_(1/2))原子的平动能释放谱和反冲速度的角分布.实验结果表明,通过两个最低~1ππ~*激发态的预解离或直接解离生成Br(~2P_(3/2))原子的机理主导着间氟溴苯分子的紫外光化学;由于分子中较弱的自旋轨道耦合作用,激发态的Br(~2P_(1/2))原子主要通过单重激发态在分子解离过程中与三重激发态的耦合产生.将当前的实验结果与我们最近报导的邻氟溴苯分子的结果对比可以发现,氟原子取代位的变化不会显著影响氟溴苯分子的紫外光解动力学机理.     

时间分辨光声量热法研究碳氧血红蛋白的光解反应

为了解血红蛋白与其配合物的结合与解离过程中,各反应分子的结构变化和能量变化的动力学过程以及作用机理,本文利用光声量热法测量了碳氧血红蛋白的光解反应的焓变和结构体积变化.脉冲激光引起碳氧血红蛋白的光解反应,由此激发的声信号即反映光解反应的过程.因此,利用超声换能器测得光解反应产生的声信号,可测定反应过程中的瞬态焓变和结构体积变化等动力学参量.实验中的激发光源为宽度8 ns的脉冲激光,光声信号由共振频率为1.5 MHz的PZT压电换能器接收.对人、猪、牛、马和兔等哺乳动物的碳氧血红蛋白的光解反应进行了研究,考虑实验系统的时间窗口和碳氧血红蛋白的光解反应中各个过程的弛豫时间,确定实验中检测到的结果对应于寿命为800 ns的三级弛豫过程.结果表明,不同物种的血红蛋白在三级弛豫过程中的动力学参量(焓变和结构体积变化)存在明显差异,最后对这种差异的原因进行了分析和讨论.     

Micellar effects on aromatic nucleophilic substitution by the ANRORC mechanism. Hydrolysis of 2‐chloro‐3,5‐dinitropyridine

The hydrolysis of 2‐chloro‐3,5‐dinitropyridine by sodium hydroxide in the presence of micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTACl) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been studied. The reaction follows a consecutive reaction path involving the formation of a long‐lived intermediate 3 and finally giving the product, 3,5‐dinitro 2‐pyridone 2 . The mechanism follows an addition of the nucleophile, ring opening and ring closure (ANRORC) reaction path. The rate constant was observed to be first‐order dependent on [OH^?]. The rate of reaction increased on increasing [CTABr] and, after reaching to the maxima, it started decreasing. The anionic SDS micelles inhibited the rate of hydrolysis. The results of the kinetic experiments were treated with the help of the pseudophase ion exchange model and the Menger–Portnoy model. The added salts, viz. NaBr, Na‐toluene‐4‐sulphonate, and (CH₃)₄NBr on varying [CTACl] and [SDS] inhibited the rate of reaction. The various kinetic parameters in the presence and absence of salts were determined and are reported herewith. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ellipsometric studies on the photolysis of lead chloride crystal surfaces

The photolytic decomposition of large crystals of lead chloride was studied by ellipsometry. This technique proved to be successful for quantitative measurements in the latent image range of the photolysis. Large differences in the photolytic behaviour were observed between exposures in the presence and in the absence of oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, the photolysis is strongly influenced by physisorbed oxygen leading after photochemisorption to the formation of lead oxychlorides as latent image centers. In the absence of oxygen, latent image centers consist of lead nuclei obtained with a high quantum yield as determined from ellipsometric measurements. The photolysis of lead chloride seems to be governed by surface reactions, contrary to that of pure silver halide crystals where only internal latent images are formed, to which ellipsometric measurements are much less sensitive. A mechanism for the lead chloride photolysis is proposed on the basis of our results obtained from ellipsometry, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photosolubilisation and physical development of latent images. The good agreement observed between results by these different methods suggests that ellipsometry is a useful technique to study surface photolysis.     

Interaction between Starburst Dendrimers and SDS micelles studied by continuous-wave and pulsed electron spin resonances

A computer aided analysis of both cw-and pulsed-Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectra of 5doxylstearic acid (5DXSA) as a probe was carried out to compare the aggregation process of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) surfactants in the absence and in the presence of Starburst Dendrimers (SBDs), and to provide information on the interactions between SDS and SBDs. Mobility and polarity parameters were extracted from the cw-EPR analysis whereas the analysis of the Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation (ESEEM) signal provided details about the doxyl environment in the SDS micelles. In the absence of SBDs, the formation of SDS micelles was revealed by the decrease in mobility of the probes inserted in the micelles. The high packing of SDS chains in the micelles prevented the water permeability at the doxyl site. In the presence of the dendrimers, the analysis of the EPR spectra suggested the formation of SDS aggregates at the dendrimer surface (cooperative interaction). The larger the size of the dendrimers and the protonation of their surface, the stronger the interactions resulted between the SDS surfactants and the SBD surface. The analysis of the ESEEM pattern indicated that the cooperative interaction of the surfactant with the SBD surface led to a less packed structure of the aggregates. A schematic view was proposed to describe the local structure of the doxyl group and its environment in the absence and in the presence of the dendrimers.     

Comparison of the oxidation of two porphyrin complexes by bromate with respect to wave propagation

The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of iron(III) protoporphyrin IX (hemin) and iron(III) meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPSFe) were compared. Both reactions exhibit sigmoid-shaped time dependence of the absorbance of the porphyrin complexes during the course of the reaction. The oxidation of hemin was proved to be an autocatalytic reaction resembling very much the autocatalytic subset reaction of the BZ oscillators. The oxidation of TPPSFe was proved not to be autocatalytic. It consists of consecutive reaction steps without any feedback. One of the intermediates absorbing in the same region as TPPSFe could be identified as an iron(V)-oxo complex of TPPS. According to the kinetic differences, single autocatalytic wave fronts could be observed in the autocatalytic hemin-bromate reaction if hemin was fixed and stabilized in silica gels, while no wave formation appeared in the TPPSFe-bromate system. The kinetic differences are in agreement with the different structures of the two porphyrin complexes.     

Sonochemical synthesis and anchoring of zinc oxide on hemin-mediated multiwalled carbon nanotubes-cellulose nanocomposite for ultra-sensitive biosensing of H2O2

In this work, the metal oxide and biopolymer nanocomposites on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were prepared using a simple sonochemical method. The hexagonal nanorods of zinc oxide (ZnO NR) were synthesized by probe sonication (frequency = 20 kHz, amplitude = 50) method and were integrated on ultrasonically functionalized MWCNT-cellulose nanocrystals (MWCNT-CNC) for the first time. The stable hemin bio-composites also were prepared using the bath sonication (37 kHz of frequency, 150 W of power) method, and was used for the selective and ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of H₂O₂. The UV–Vis spectroscopy studies confirmed the presence of native hemin on MWCNT-CNC/ZnO NR nanocomposite. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed that an enhanced redox electrochemical behaviour of hemin was observed on hemin immobilised MWCNT-CNC/ZnO NR nanocomposite than that of other hemin modified electrodes. Also, the MWCNT-CNC/ZnO NR/hemin modified SPCE showed 2.3 folds higher electrocatalytic activity with a lower reduction potential (−0.2 V) towards H₂O₂ than that of other investigated hemin modified electrodes including hemin/MWCNT and hemin/CNC-ZnO. The fabricated biosensor displayed a stable amperometric response (-0.2 V vs Ag/AgCl) in the linear concentration of H₂O₂ ranging up to 4183.3 µM with a lower detection limit of 4.0 nM.     

利用19F NMR与荧光光谱法检测高分子酰胺化反应

通过血红素上羧基与端氨基聚乳酸上的氨基之间进行酰胺化反应,制得了血红素-聚乳酸分子.利用六氟异丙醇与端羧基反应生成六氟异丙醇酯,结合19F NMR峰面积积分的方法测定羧基含量,以荧光胺作为荧光试剂,采用荧光光谱法测定伯胺端基.进而,采用端基分析方法计算了血红素-聚乳酸的数均分子量,检测了血红素与聚乳酸1∶1和1∶2投料...     

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of aromatic 1,2-diketones from oximinoketones under neutral conditions in aqueous media

We report a convenient, neutral, and facile methodology for the synthesis of aromatic 1,2-diketones from the corresponding oximinoketones in the presence of I₂/SDS/water system under ultrasound-assisted conditions. Furthermore, a series of compounds were synthesized and characterized by melting point, IR, NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. Utilization of easy reaction conditions, very high to excellent yields, and short reaction times makes this manipulation potentially very useful.     

Preparation,Thermostability, and Degradation In Vitro of Polylactides Bearing Porphyrins

Polylactide (PLA) bearing hemin coupling moieties was prepared by a reaction between the two carboxylic groups of hemin and amino groups of amino-terminated PLA and characterized by UV-Vis, IR, and ¹H NMR spectra and gel permeation chromatography. Blank microparticles and microparticles loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA), both of PLA bearing hemin, were prepared and characterized by solid UV-Vis spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of hemin on thermostability and degradation of microparticles of PLA were studied using TGA and a degradation experiment in vitro. These experiments showed that the introduction of porphyrin rings into PLA molecules led to the reduction of thermostability, a greater degradation of the polymer than the original polymer under the same condition in vitro, and a higher ability of the polymer binding to BSA molecules. These results should be of use in biodegradable polymer design and photodynamic therapy studies of porphyrin derivatives.     

丝素肽和β-环糊精包合作用及表面活性剂影响

在pH为2和包合时间是60min的最佳条件下,采用光谱法（荧光光谱与紫外-可见光谱）测得β-环糊精（β-CD）与丝素肽构成的包合体系包合比均是2∶1,平均包合常数是3.3×105。两种阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠对包合体系有阻抑作用,阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和非离子表面活性剂＂平平加O＂对包合体系没有影响。