合成双射流对下游声压级影响试验

在Ma=0.4的来流条件下, 利用安装在主翼后缘处的合成双射流激励器对襟翼上的流动进行控制, 在风洞中开展了合成双射流对下游声压级影响的研究. 基于脉动压力测量结果, 结合油流显示试验, 得到了合成双射流对下游不同流动状态区域声压级影响的一些结论. 对于附着流, 在其峰值频率附近激励会明显提高其声压级; 对于受旋涡主导的流动, 恰当的合成双射流控制可以降低声压级, 激励频率较为关键. 在俯仰运动过程中, 对于附着流, 激励提高了声压级, 但不改变其迟滞特性; 对于受旋涡主导的流动, 激励对声压级的影响与攻角有关, 能够减弱其迟滞特性, 但激励强度对迟滞特性的影响较小, 减小声压级的最佳激励与运动历程有关.      

基于MPS法的圆截面液体射流数值模拟

传统网格方法在模拟液体射流流动中的断裂和破碎等液体大变形过程时存在困难,本文引入无网格移动粒子半隐式方法,对圆截面液体射流的复杂非定常流动过程进行数值模拟.基于进口速度边界条件建立了连续进口流动模型,对三类典型的射流流动,即壁面射流、竖直向上自由射流和自由射流碰撞等进行了建模和数值模拟,并对特征流动现象进行定性分析,验证了移动粒子半隐式法对上述射流流动数值计算的正确性,为相关研究提供了一种新的数值方法.     

超声速后台阶流动/射流相互作用的数值模拟

采用高精度格式求解二维Navier-Stokes方程研究超声速射流与同向超声速后台阶流动相互作用的流场基本结构及规律,分别应用5阶WENO格式、6阶中心差分格式离散对流项和黏性项,时间推进采用3阶Runge-Kutta格式,并应用消息传递接口（message passing interface,MPI）非阻塞式通信实现并行化.分别研究了超声速后台阶流动、超声速射流的基本结构特征,以此讨论和分析超声速后台阶流动/射流相互作用的特征,以及不同来流条件对波系结构、涡结构、剪切层、膨胀扇等的影响,尤其是来流剪切层和射流剪切层的相互作用,形成复杂的波系结构及相互干扰的流动现象.      

中空液滴碰撞水平壁面数值分析

采用耦合水平集-体积分数法并综合考虑传热及接触热阻作用建立了中空液滴碰撞水平壁面数值模型,并验证了模型的可靠性.通过分析计算结果,获得了中空液滴与实心液滴撞壁的动力学特征差异,揭示了中空液滴撞壁流动传热机理和中心射流形成机制,探索了碰撞速度和壁面浸润性对中空液滴撞壁动力学和传热特性的影响.研究表明:中空液滴撞壁后中心射流特征明显,并伴随有射流收缩和液壳破碎等现象.中空液滴内部压力梯度是液滴铺展、中心射流产生和发展的主要原因;撞壁过程中中心射流表面温度分布较为均匀,破碎液壳表面温度分布波动较大.碰撞速度与中空液滴撞壁最大铺展系数的相关性较小,但其对无量纲射流长度和壁面平均热流密度的影响较大;壁面浸润性与中空液滴撞壁后期铺展系数的相关性较大,但其对无量纲射流长度和壁面平均热流密度的影响较小.     

三维射流中颗粒碰撞的直接数值模拟

采用硬球模型对三维气同两相射流中Stokes数为10的中等颗粒的碰撞行为进行了直接数值模拟,以初步考察两相流动中颗粒碰撞的特件.颗粒的跟踪采用单向耦合的Lagrangian方法,计算分析了颗粒碰撞随空间、时间的演化及其对颗粒分布不均匀性的影响.模拟结果表明颗粒碰撞主要分布在流场巾颗粒局部浓度较高的区域;由于射流初期大尺度涡结构的影响,颗粒的浓度分布最为不均,因此碰撞次数在这一时期随时间呈线性增加,达到最大值后逐渐回落趋于平缓.此外,对网格中颗粒个数分布的矩的统计发现,碰撞对颗粒分布不均匀性的影响随时间呈现不同的特性.     

稠密颗粒射流撞击壁面颗粒膜表面波纹特征

采用高速摄像仪对稠密颗粒射流撞击有限尺寸壁面的流动过程进行了实验研究,重点研究了颗粒膜及其表面波纹特征,考察了颗粒粒径、射流速度和固含率等因素对颗粒膜形态和表面波纹的影响.研究结果表明,随着颗粒粒径增大,稠密颗粒撞壁流由颗粒膜向散射模式转变.与液体射流撞壁液膜相比,颗粒膜扩展角较大,射流速度对其影响不显著.稠密颗粒射流撞壁颗粒膜表面波纹存在明显的叠加现象,颗粒膜表面波纹频率比液膜大约低一个数量级.颗粒膜表面波纹主要由射流脉动引起,表面波纹频率与射流脉动频率具有相同的数量级.     

离体射流的位置对翼型气动特性的影响

为了改善风力机叶片流动分离现象,本文在雷诺数为1×106、来流攻角21°时研究了离体射流微小圆柱的分布位置对NACA0018翼型气动性能的影响.首先分别在翼型前缘前和上表面附近,研究离体射流微小圆柱的射流动量对翼型气动性能的影响,发现两种位置下翼型的气动性能都有所改善,其中上表面附近控制时效果更好;接着研究控制装置在上...     

硅微通道凝结相变过程中的喷射流现象与分析

喷射流是微通道凝结相变过程中环状流向泡塞状流演变过程中的一种独特相变流动形式.借助于显微可视化技术,本文对水力直径为77.5 μm的梯形硅片微通道中的蒸汽喷射流动现象进行了报道,分析了喷射流的形成机制和影响因素,给出了硅微通道中喷射流发生部位与Re数和Bo数的关系式.研究结果对认识微通道凝结流型演变规律具有重要意义.     

端壁射流对高速扩压叶栅性能的影响

采用角区端壁射流控制某进口马赫数为Ma=0.67的高速平面扩压叶栅流动分离。研究了射流轴向位置和角度对叶栅气动性能的影响,结果表明:通过对角区内注入能量可有效减弱流道后部的流动分离,仅采用相当于主流流量0.6%的射流气体,可使得叶栅出口总压损失系数降低10.0%。位于角区内分离起始位置处的射流控制效果最佳;随着角度的增加,射流与来流间的冲击和掺混损失增大,近叶展中部的分离流动加剧,使得流动控制效果减弱。     

端壁横向射流对高速扩压叶栅性能的影响

通过数值模拟研究了不同射流缝长度以及射流总压比对端壁横向射流抑制横向二次流动和减小损失作用效果的影响,结果表明:采用与流向具有一定夹角的横向射流可有效抑制端区二次流动,减少角区低能流体堆积,推迟吸力面流动分离,提高出口气流角均匀性。仅采用不足叶栅进口流量0.3%的射流气体,就能使总压损失系数降低11.3%。增加射流缝长度的或者提高射流总压均可增强其减弱分离流动的效果,但射流与横向二次流相互作用导致的冲击和掺混损失也增大。     

Theoretical Prediction of Asymmetrical Jet Formation in Two-Metallic-Flow Collision

We develop a basic problem in ballistics and impact engineering, concerning the collision of two fluid streams with different widths. The geometrical theory of plane asymmetrical jet formation is presented and a closed form solution is given. The width and flow direction of the outgoing flows are predicted both analytically and numerically as a function of initial configuration of the incoming flows. The predictions are more accurate than the results of other analytic models and in agreement with the experimental data and numerical results over a wide range of flow widths ratio variation.     

油气水三相流段塞流不稳定周期轨道探寻

将临近点回归方法与自适应阈值法相结合, 对油气水三相流段塞流进行了不稳定周期轨道探寻分析, 发现乳状段塞流比水包油段塞流的低阶不稳定周期轨道周期更长. 水包油段塞流的低阶轨道由内部小循环到外部大循环的嵌套结构组成, 乳状段塞流的低阶轨道则由两个平滑的大循环嵌套而成. 结合时频域分析, 发现水包油段塞流的能量分布弥散、频谱范围较宽且频率成分复杂, 而乳状段塞流的能量分布较集中、高频成分较少, 证实水包油段塞流比乳状段塞流流动机理更为复杂, 且时频域分布与低阶不稳定周期轨道结构相对应. 关键词： 油气水三相流段塞流 不稳定周期轨道 自适应阈值 时频分布     

Entropy Generation for Negative Frictional Pressure Drop in Vertical Slug and Churn Flows

It is widely accepted that the frictional pressure drop is impossible to be negative for pipe flow. However, the negative frictional pressure drops were observed for some cases of two-phase slug and churn flows in pipes, challenging the general sense of thermodynamic irreversibility. In order to solve this puzzling problem, theoretical investigations were performed for the entropy generation in slug and churn flows. It is found that the frictional pressure drop along with a buoyancy-like term contributes to the entropy generation due to mechanical energy loss for steady, incompressible slug and churn flows in vertical and inclined pipes. Experiments were conducted in a vertical pipe with diameter as 0.04 m for slug and churn flows. Most of the experimental data obtained for frictional pressure drop are negative at high gas–liquid ratios from 100 to 10,000. Entropy generation rates were calculated from experimental data. The results show that the buoyancy-like term is positive and responsible for a major part of entropy generation rate while the frictional pressure drop is responsible for a little part of entropy generation rate, because of which the overall entropy generation due to mechanical energy loss is still positive even if the frictional pressure drop is negative in vertical slug and churn flows. It is clear that the negative frictional pressure drops observed in slug and churn flows are not against the thermodynamics irreversibility.     

Dynamic interaction of plasma flow with the hot boundary layer of a geomagnetic trap

The study of the interaction between collisionless plasma flow and stagnant plasma revealed the presence of an outer boundary layer at the border of a geomagnetic trap, where the super-Alfvén subsonic laminar flow changes over to the dynamic regime characterized by the formation of accelerated magnetosonic jets and decelerated Alfvén flows with characteristic relaxation times of 10–20 min. The nonlinear interaction of fluctuations in the initial flow with the waves reflected from an obstacle explains the observed flow chaotization. The Cherenkov resonance of the magnetosonic jet with the fluctuation beats between the boundary layer and the incoming flow is the possible mechanism of its formation. In the flow reference system, the incoming particles are accelerated by the electric fields at the border of boundary layer that arise self-consistently as a result of the preceding wave-particle interactions; the inertial drift of the incoming ions in a transverse electric field increasing toward the border explains quantitatively the observed ion acceleration. The magnetosonic jets may carry away downstream up to a half of the unperturbed flow momentum, and their dynamic pressure is an order of magnitude higher than the magnetic pressure at the obstacle border. The appearance of nonequilibrium jets and the boundary-layer fluctuations are synchronized by the magnetosonic oscillations of the incoming flow at frequencies of 1–2 mHz.     

层流高温部分电离气体射流热流密度分布动态测量与分析

采用表面中心位置装有铜探头的平板,对射入大气环境的层流纯氩高温部分电离气体射流冲击平板的热流密度进行了动态测量,分析了测量条件对热流密度及其分布特性测量结果的影响。同时,研制了嵌有铜探头的小尺寸杆状热流探针,在小扰动条件下测量了射流的热流密度分布。结果显示层流等离子体射流具有稳定的能流密度,探针的移动速度对射流中心区域的热流密度测量结果影响很大。     

Density waves and the effect of wall roughness in granular Poiseuille flow: Simulationand linear stability

The formation of density waves and the effect of wall roughness on them are studied using molecular dynamics simulations of gravity-driven granular Poiseuille flow. Three basic types of structures are found in moderately dense flows: a plug, a sinuous wave and a slug; a new varicose wave mode has been identified in dense flows with channels of large widths at moderate dissipations; only clump-like structures appear in dilute flows. The simulation results are contrasted with the predictions of a linear stability analysis of the kinetic-theory continuum equations for granular Poiseuille flow. The theoretical predictions on the form of density waves are in qualitative agreement with simulations in denser flows, however, there are discrepancies between simulation and theory in dilute flows.     

Particle Size Classification of Glass Particles Using Aerodynamic Jet Vectoring

An experimental demonstration of a new, non‐contact particle characterization technique called Aerodynamic Vectoring Particle Sorting (AVPS) is presented. AVPS uses secondary blowing and suction control flows–flows that are a fraction of the jet flow rate–to sharply change the direction of a planar, particle‐laden jet. As the jet is vectored, particles present in the flow experience a resultant drag force, dependent upon their size, that balances inertia. Since this balance determines the particle's trajectory, vectoring the flow leads to a separation of particles downstream. This simple, low‐pressure‐drop sorting technique classifies particles with less risk of damage or contamination than currently available sorting devices. Particles from 10–40 μm and 2.5 times the density of water have been sorted to an accuracy of 1.5 μm. Sorting of heavy particles such as these is accomplished at very low speeds, reducing the tendency of damage to the particles. Lighter particles are sorted at higher speeds. Particles from 5–40 μm and 0.6 times the density of water were sorted to an accuracy of 6.6 μm. AVPS is also shown to be capable of concentrating aerosols. Our measurements indicate that an air sample containing water‐like particles can be concentrated by a factor of 10 using AVPS.     

过冷沸腾非均相汽泡界面特性分析

本文针对过冷沸腾中汽泡顶部射流现象进行分析与模拟。建立汽泡界面模型,考虑蒸发凝结以及Marangoni效应。利用CFD软件Fluent6.0对模型进行计算分析,成功模拟得到泡顶射流流场。模拟结果无论是流场结构,还是流场强度,都与实验一致吻合,充分证明泡顶射流由Marangoni效应引起。     

Quantitative visualization of high-speed 3D turbulent flow structures using holographic interferometric tomography

Using holographic interferometry the three-dimensional structure of unsteady and large-scale motions within subsonic and transonic turbulent jet flows has been studied. The instantaneous 3D flow structure is obtained by tomographic reconstruction techniques from quantitative phase maps recorded using a rapid-switching, double reference beam, double pulse laser system. The reconstruction of the jets studied here reveal a three-dimensional nature of the flow. In particular an increasing complexity can be seen in the turbulence as the flow progresses from the jet nozzle. Furthermore, a coherent three-dimensional, possibly rotating, structure can be seen to exist within these jets. The type of flow features illustrated here are not just of fundamental importance for understanding the behavior of free jet flows, but are also common to a number of industrial applications, ranging from the combustion flow within an IC engine to the transonic flow through the stages of a gas turbine.     

气-液组合横向射流中气体种类的影响

吸气式旋转爆震发动机中燃料的良好雾化对爆震燃烧的组织极其重要, 气-液组合横向射流是其中一种重要的燃料喷注技术。为获取气体种类在超声速来流中对其的影响, 通过数值方法对液体射流穿透深度和辅助射流气体分布进行研究。采用Euler-Lagrange方法研究不同气体射流对液体射流的作用规律, 结果表明: 气体射流通过激波结构降低局部来流动量通量提升液体射流穿透深度, 相同的来流条件下气体射流动量通量越大, 液体射流穿透深度越高, 且主要影响扩张段之前的流场区域, 气体种类的变化对于后场液体射流穿透深度和雾化特性几乎无影响。