阵列式阻性消声器传递损失计算模型*

针对气流通道彼此独立且截面尺寸较小的直管式阻性消声器,Belov基于声波导管理论推导了其消声量计算公式,该公式不适用于气流通道彼此连通且截面尺寸较大的阵列式阻性消声器。为此,本研究提出了一种阵列式消声器消声量计算方法。将阵列式消声器划分为周期性排列的消声单元,每个消声单元包含1个吸声柱。分别参照扩张式消声器和直管阻性消声器计算消声单元的抗性部分（进、出口气流通道截面突变处）和阻性部分消声量的理论值TL1和TL2。在此基础上,采用有限元法仿真得到消声器消声量仿真值TLs,基于阻性部分消声量仿真值和理论值的比值(TLs-TL1)/TL2,拟合确定各倍频带阻性消声量修正函数Nf,即修正后的消声量理论值计算模型为TLt''=TL1+TL2·Nf。作为算例,建立了多孔吸声材料流阻率为11425 Pa·s/m2时适用于不同结构尺寸的阵列式消声器消声量计算模型。实测结果验证表明,各倍频带修正后的消声量理论值与实测值绝对误差均小于3 dB。当吸声材料的流阻率与算例中取值相差较大时,消声量计算模型需参照本研究所述方法另行建立。     

基于低频吸声超构材料的复合消声器研究*

针对管道内低频噪声难以抑制的问题，本文基于亥姆霍兹共振腔（HR）阵列吸声板和穿孔管消声器组合，设计了一种复合式宽带消声器。首先利用有限元法仿真分析传统穿孔管消声器，发现中低频消声能力较差，通过嵌入HR阵列吸声板吸收中低频噪声。采用仿真与实验的方式研究吸声板的声学性能：在400-1000 Hz频段内的平均吸声系数达到了0.88。然后对复合式消声器进行数值模拟及3D打印阻抗管实验测试对比：复合式消声器在400-1718Hz频率范围内的平均传递损失为18.15 dB ，最终实现了管道内全频带噪声有效控制。     

具有线性温度梯度的管道及消声器声学特性的边界元法计算

采用摄动法将具有线性温度梯度介质中的声传播方程化为Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｌｔｚ方程，然后用边界元法进行计算，由边界元法计算出消声器的四极参数，从而预测传递损失等消声量。文中计算了直管段的四极参数及膨胀腔的传递损失，并与一维理论结果进行了比较。     

片式消声器的设计及其在环境噪声控制中的应用

本文从应用角度，对片式消声器的结构，消声机理，设计原则等作了较为全面的阐述，介绍了应用实例，结合工程实践，提出了一个估算存在气流时消声系数的经验公式。     

ZP100系列消声器通过产品鉴定

1995年12月26日由上海第二轻工业局主持对上海申华声学装备有限公司（上海红旗机筛厂）小批量生产的ZP100系列消声器通过了新产品生产鉴定。该系列消声器是华东建筑设计研究院研制成功的，主要用于各类通风空调系统的消声降噪，每米消声量达15－20dB（A），阻力系数为0．9，具有防火、防潮、防霉、防腐蚀、规格齐全（现有48种规格）、选用安装方便等特点。已应用于上海广播大楼、上海地铁等工程中。鉴定结论认为：ZP100系列消声器填补了市场缺口，具有国内领先水平。上海申华声学装备有限公司已具备批量生产条件。同意投入批量生产。ZP1…     

矩形消声管道中存在气流时的声衰减

管道消声器是控制噪声沿管道传播的主要手段,随着消声器的使用日益广泛,人们对消声管道中声衰减规律的研究也越来越深入.消声管道通常用吸声材料层衬贴在管道内壁或装置在中间把管道分割成多格相互并联的通道.对于常用的片式消声器和蜂窝式消声器,通道截面一般为矩形.在早期的研究工作中,管道中的声传播规律大都根据一维近似理论得出,其声衰减系数与壁面的吸声系数相联系,目前在噪声控制中,消声器的设计公式往往仍因袭它的结果.实际上,一维理论有较大的局限性,当壁面吸声系数较高或截面几何尺寸与波长相接近时,它并不适用.     

阻抗复合消声器声学性能有限元预测方法及分析

为计算和分析具有复杂结构的阻抗复合式消声器的宽频消声性能,建立了一种高效声学有限元方法,给出了不同边界条件下的边界积分处理细节,得到有限元全局系数矩阵表达式,设计出计算程序框架以实现这些算法,其求解规模和计算速度与商业软件相比有优势。为计算阻抗复合式消声器的传递损失,通过阻抗管测量和数据拟合得到了吸声材料声学特性的经验公式。计算和测量了两通穿孔阻抗复合式消声器的传递损失,二者良好的吻合验证了声学有限元方法和计算程序的正确性。研究表明,插管长度影响消声器在中高频段的消声特性,右侧隔板上穿孔会消除共振峰,中高频消声性能随着出口管穿孔率的增加而提升。      

直通穿孔管消声器声学特性预测的数值模态匹配法

将数值模态匹配法应用于计算横截面为任意形状的直通穿孔管抗性消声器的声学特性。应用二维有限元法计算横截面的本征值和本征向量,应用模态匹配技术求解模态幅值系数,进而得到所需的声学量。对于圆形和椭圆形直通穿孔管消声器的传递损失,数值模态匹配法计算结果与三维有限元计算结果和相应的实验测量结果吻合良好,表明数值模态匹配法能够精确计算直通穿孔管消声器的声学特性。计算结果表明,穿孔管的偏移影响消声器在中高频段的消声特性,同轴结构消声器的消声性能好于非同轴结构。     

上海-香港噪声控制工程技术研讨会在沪举行

由上海市声学学会、中囚环保产业协会噪声与振动控制委员会和黄浦区科协共向举办的上海一香港噪声控制工程技术研讨会1995年7月7日在上海举行．上海市声学学会理事长冯绍松教授、香港声学学会主席康冠伟博士和中国环保产业协会噪声与振动控制委员会主任章奎生教授主持了本次研讨会．会上首先由NAP（纳普）声学工程（远东）有限公司姚景光总经理介绍了NAP产品及工程设计实例，他们在澳洲、香港、台湾和中国大陆承接过许多噪声治理工程，均取得了较为满意的效果．典型产品有管道消声器、消声百叶窗、排气消声器、隔声罩、隔声门等．随后康…     

多孔扩散型消声器外壳对其性能影响的研究

多孔扩散型消声器由于其体积小、消声性能高而广泛应用到排气噪声的降低上,其外壳对消声器的消声性能具有重要作用。本文对此类消声器外壳的孔型、孔径和孔距以及外壳同消声材料的配合方面进行了细致的实验研究,特别对外壳与消声材料的配合与其排放噪声以及外部流场之间的关系进行了探讨,得到了一些有用的结论,对消声器性能的提高具有一定指导意义。     

Discrete ordinate method with a new and a simple quadrature scheme

Evaluation of the radiative component in heat-transfer problems is often difficult and expensive. To address this problem, in the recent past, attention has been focused on improving the performance of various approximate methods. Computational efficiency of any method depends to a great extent on the quadrature schemes that are used to compute the source term and heat flux. The discrete ordinate method (DOM) is one of the oldest and still the most widely used methods. To make this method computationally more attractive, various types of quadrature schemes have been suggested over the years. In the present work, a new quadrature scheme has been suggested. The new scheme is a simple one and does not involve complicated mathematics for determination of direction cosines and weights. It satisfies all the required moments. To test the suitability of the new scheme, four benchmark problems were considered. In all cases, the proposed quadrature scheme was found to give accurate results.     

提高数字式干涉型光纤传感器条纹细分的研究

本文提出了一种新颖的对数字式干涉型光纤传感器的条纹进行直接细分的方案,研究了实现这一方案的原理和方法,与叠栅光栅检测中的条纹直接细分相比,细分数得到显著提高.     

A new high-order discontinuous Galerkin spectral finite element method for Lagrangian gas dynamics in two-dimensions

This paper presents a new high-order cell-centered Lagrangian scheme for two-dimensional compressible flow. The scheme uses a fully Lagrangian form of the gas dynamics equations, which is a weakly hyperbolic system of conservation laws. The system of equations is discretized in the Lagrangian space by discontinuous Galerkin method using a spectral basis. The vertex velocities and the numerical fluxes through the cell interfaces are computed consistently in the Eulerian space by virtue of an improved nodal solver. The nodal solver uses the HLLC approximate Riemann solver to compute the velocities of the vertex. The time marching is implemented by a class of TVD Runge–Kutta type methods. A new HWENO (Hermite WENO) reconstruction algorithm is developed and used as limiters for RKDG methods to maintain compactness of RKDG methods. The scheme is conservative for the mass, momentum and total energy. It can maintain high-order accuracy both in space and time, obey the geometrical conservation law, and achieve at least second order accuracy on quadrilateral meshes. Results of some numerical tests are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the robustness of the scheme.     

High-Precision Direct Method for the Radiative Transfer Problems

It is the main aim of this paper to investigate the numerical methods of the radiative transfer equation.Using the five-point formula to approximate the differential part and the Simpson formula to substitute for integral part respectively, a new high-precision numerical scheme, which has 4-order local truncation error, is obtained. Subsequently,a numerical example for radiative transfer equation is carried out, and the calculation results show that the new numerical scheme is more accurate.     

An improved wavelength selection scheme for Monte Carlo solvers applied to hypersonic plasmas

A new databasing scheme is developed for Monte Carlo Ray Tracing methods applied to hypersonic planetary entry. In this scheme, the complex relationships for the emission wavelength selection of atomic and molecular species in nonequilibrium flows are simplified by developing random number relationships for individual transitions, as opposed to using relationships for the spectral emission coefficient of a given species. These new techniques speed up wavelength selection by about 2 orders of magnitude, and offer flexibility for use in weighted or part-spectrum Monte Carlo solvers.     

A Three-Point Combined Compact Difference Scheme

A new three-point combined compact difference (CCD) scheme is developed for numerical models. The major features of the CCD scheme are: three point, implicit, sixth-order accuracy, and inclusion of boundary values. Due to its combination of the first and second derivatives, the CCD scheme becomes more compact and more accurate than normal compact difference schemes. The efficient twin-tridiagonal (for calculating derivatives) and triple-tridiagonal (for solving partial difference equation with the CCD scheme) methods are also presented. Besides, the CCD scheme has sixth-order accuracy at periodic boundaries and fifth-order accuracy at nonperiodic boundaries. The possibility of extending to a three-point eighth-order scheme is also included.     

基于单原子的量子计算机

介绍了量子计算机的最新发展状况。对实现量子计算机的各种实验方法作了简介和比较。特别是详细介绍了最近Ｋａｎｅ提出的一种方案，并提出了一种新的用扫描隧道显微镜实现基于单原子的量子计算机方案。     

Stable and efficient finite-difference nonlinear-multigrid schemes for the phase field crystal equation

In this paper we present and compare two unconditionally energy stable finite-difference schemes for the phase field crystal equation. The first is a one-step scheme based on a convex splitting of a discrete energy by Wise et al. [S.M. Wise, C. Wang, J.S. Lowengrub, An energy stable and convergent finite-difference scheme for the phase field crystal equation, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., in press]. In this scheme, which is first order in time and second order in space, the discrete energy is non-increasing for any time step. The second scheme we consider is a new, fully second-order two-step algorithm. In the new scheme, the discrete energy is bounded by its initial value for any time step. In both methods, the equations at the implicit time level are nonlinear but represent the gradients of strictly convex functions and are thus uniquely solvable, regardless of time step-size. We solve the nonlinear equations using an efficient nonlinear multigrid method. Numerical simulations are presented and confirm the stability, efficiency and accuracy of the schemes.     

基于Cycle Spinning Contourlet变换和总变分最小化的遥感图像去噪算法(英文)

针对大部分已有的遥感图像去噪算法在去噪的同时不能有效的保留细节和增强边缘,提出了一种基于Cycle Spinning Contourlet变换和总变分最小化的图像去噪新算法.该算法依据了Cycle Spinning Contourlet变换能够很好的保留原始图像的细节和纹理信息,而总变分最小化方法具有在去噪的同时增强图像边缘的特性,因此使用所提出的融合规则对两种算法去噪后的图像进行融合能够取得更好的增强效果.通过对比,实验结果表明该算法不仅能在很大程度上削弱分别由平移不变Contourlet变换和总变分最小化的图像去噪方法产生的伪吉布斯现象和阶梯效应,而且视觉效果和PSNR值均优于其它方法,同时该算法能够保留更多的光谱信息,因此该算法是一种有效的遥感图像去噪算法.     

Decoherence-free subspaces in quantum key distribution

We demonstrate that two recent innovations in the field of practical quantum key distribution (one-way autocompensation and passive detection) are closely related to the methods developed to protect quantum computations from decoherence. We present a new scheme that combines these advantages, and propose a practical implementation of this scheme that is feasible using existing technology.