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1.
田丽  郑昊  谢伟  李发琪  王智彪 《应用声学》2022,41(4):520-526
聚焦超声消融肿瘤过程中的损伤实时监测是临床治疗面临的一个关键难题,双频聚焦超声不仅能提高治疗效率,且能在共焦区域激发出声信号,该声信号的幅值、频率等信息与焦域组织的机械和声学特性紧密相关。本文构建了一种双频聚焦超声治疗及组织损伤实时监测系统。该系统在聚焦超声辐照离体组织过程中,通过外部水听器接收双频激发的组织声发射信号,并通过上位机进行高速数据采集、数字滤波、时频处理等,分析声发射信号幅值与离体组织损伤之间的变化规律。实验研究结果表明:随着焦域组织损伤的形成,其弹性等声学特征发生改变,导致声发射信号幅值逐渐降低,表明声发射信号幅值的变化可较好地反映靶组织声学特征和结构的变化,从而实现聚焦超声治疗中靶组织损伤的实时监测。本文提出的监测方案相比传统超声影像监控更灵敏,有望为聚焦超声临床治疗中的组织损伤监控提供一种新的实时监测方案和手段。  相似文献   

2.
提高超声测距分辨力的分析与设计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
本文分析了分辨力误差的定量关系,并以此为指导选择和设计超声发射,接收,测时等电路以及数字滤波方法,提亢超声测距的精度和分辩力。  相似文献   

3.
胡兰  张逸芳 《应用声学》1997,16(1):28-31
本文在超声测距系统中采用了变结构控制理论,根据所测物体的反射界面和介质性质,自动调节超声波发射换能器的功率,建立了超声测距系统的数学模型,对系统方程进行了理论分析,研究了变结构控制系统的设计方法,并结合应用实例,对钻井法凿井用超声波测井仪中超声测距系统进行了计算机仿真,并在实验室进行了实验。  相似文献   

4.
本文着重介绍了一种新的超声探头--PVDF(Polyvinglidene-Flouride)探头的特性和等效电路,并研究了如何将这类探头与发射和接收电路进行西文方可获得高分辨率。  相似文献   

5.
由声波发射端和反射端构成超声谐振系统,其发射端和反射端间形成超声驻波.在波节处声辐射压的合力可以悬浮微重力样品,称为单轴式超声悬浮;是一种有望成为具有应用价值的无容器处理技术.作者在参加物理第二课堂活动中,对此作了初步的实验研究,成功地悬浮起发泡材料等小物体以及蚂蚁等小动物,并观察研究了它们的悬浮姿态.  相似文献   

6.
与传统压电式超声换能器相比,基于微机电系统(Micro-electro-mechanical system, MEMS)微加工技术制备的电容式微机械超声换能器(CMUT)具有频带宽、灵敏度高、一致性好、易于集成等优势,在医学超声成像中具有广阔的应用前景。本文针对研制的矩形CMUT器件,开展硅油介质中CMUT发射、接收声场特性的理论分析及实验验证研究。首先,针对CMUT阵元结构特征和工作原理,根据指向性函数理论和Bridge乘积原理,建立了矩形CMUT阵元指向性函数分析模型;在此基础上,分析微元数目以及谐振频率对CMUT指向性的影响规律。最后,针对7mm×7mm二维矩形CMUT在硅油介质中的发射和接收特性进行了实验验证,测试表明发射指向性曲线与仿真理论曲线基本吻合;此外,CMUT接收与发射指向性的测试表明,收发指向性具有一致性,从而验证了声场的互易性。本文的研究对CMUT器件的封装设计以及基于CMUT阵列的乳腺超声CT成像系统的研制具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

7.
要用超声雾化进样,水冷凝及浓H2SO4吸收相结合的去溶方法对Cl,Br,I,S和P等五种非金属元素在HeMIP中的发射谱线特性进行了研究,获得了各元素在200-600nm范围内较详细的谱图,并求得了各谱线的相对发射强度,得到了一些未见于文献报道的结果。  相似文献   

8.
多分量超声波换能器及其应用   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
向丹  张家骏 《应用声学》1995,14(2):27-32
为提高超声无损检测的精度的可靠性,本文研究了几种多分量超声波换能器,即二分量换能器和三分量换能器,分析和探讨了它们在声发射检测以及超声法应力测试中的应用。  相似文献   

9.
本文采用超声雾化进样,水冷凝及浓H2SO4吸收相结合的去溶方法对Cl、Br、I、S和P等五种非金属元素在HeMIP中的发射谱线特性进行了研究,获得了各元素在200~600nm范围内较详细的谱图,并求得了各谱线的相对发射强度,得到了一些未见于文献报道的结果  相似文献   

10.
超声检测中常用激励波形的高精度相控发射实现   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
超声无损检测根据不同的检测需求使用不同的激励波形,而超声相控阵技术的应用则要求各通道的激励波形能够相控发射。分析了不同检测对象、不同检测方法对激励信号的波形类型要求,研究了基于FPGA主控的数字式超声检测平台下实现单通道方波脉冲、尖脉冲、正弦波形和任意波形等的发射方法,以及以上各种波形在多通道高精度相控发射时的实现方法。实验表明,各种波形的激励信号都实现了高精度相控发射,最高可达1ns的延时精度。  相似文献   

11.
提出了超声相位差法测定乙醇汽油溶液浓度的新方法,根据该方法设计并制作了超声在线测定仪.利用该仪器建立了温度在290 K时乙醇体积浓度在3% ~24%的乙醇汽油溶液浓度与相位差之间的关系式.实验结果表明,该超声测定仪能够实时和精确地测定乙醇汽油溶液中乙醇体积浓度,该仪器为精确测量车用乙醇汽油和其他二元溶液开辟了新途径.  相似文献   

12.
Based on technology described in a Du Pont patent for an offline system, we have developed a prototype in-line ultrasonic cell for measuring particle size distribution. We have used this cell to verify the Allegra-Hawley model of ultrasonic attenuation in dilute (< 5 % vol) slurries of sub-micron ceramic particles, and we are developing a model that can cope with the multiple scattering effects occuring at higher concentrations. In this paper we present the results of attenuation measurements for ultrasound (2–50 MHz) in slurries with concentrations ranging from 0.5 010 to 38 010 (vol). The attenuation is proportional to slurry concentration up to 5 010 (vol) and is predicted by single scattering models. Above approximately 100% concentration, the attenuation is actually lower than expected. For the dilute slurries we find excellent agreement between our measurements and the Allegra-Hawley calculations, and the effects of the particle size distribution are evident in the ultrasonic attenuation spectrum. These ultrasonic data can be inverted to determine the particle size and concentration in aqueous slurries of sub-micron particles.  相似文献   

13.
The new modality of drug targeting of tumors that we are currently developing is based on drug encapsulation in polymeric micelles, followed by the localized release at the tumor site triggered by focused ultrasound. The rationale behind this approach is that drug encapsulation in micelles decreases systemic concentration of drug, diminishes intracellular drug uptake by normal cells, and provides passive drug targeting of tumors, thus reducing unwanted drug interactions with healthy tissues. Ultrasound irradiation is used to release drug from micelles at the tumor site and to enhance the intracellular drug uptake by tumor cells. An important advantage of ultrasound is that it is noninvasive, can penetrate deep into the interior of the body, can be focused and carefully controlled. Here we describe factors involved in the ultrasound interaction with viable cells in the absence and presence of drug carriers and anti-cancer drugs. We present in vivo effects of 1 MHz ultrasound on drug biodistribution, intratumoral distribution, and survival rates of immuno-compromised athymic nu/nu mice bearing ovarian carcinoma tumors.  相似文献   

14.
Zheng YP  Lu MH  Wang Q 《Ultrasonics》2006,44(Z1):e203-e209
Research in elasticity imaging typically relies on 1-10 MHz ultrasound. Elasticity imaging at these frequencies can provide strain maps with a resolution in the order of millimeters, but this is not sufficient for applications to skin, articular cartilage, or other fine structures. In this paper, we introduced two methods of ultrasound elastomicroscopy using water jet and osmosis loading for imaging the elasticity of biological soft tissues with high resolutions. In the first system, the specimens were compressed using water jet compression. A water jet was used to couple a focused 20 MHz ultrasound beam into the specimen and meanwhile served as a "soft" indenter. Because there was no additional attenuation when propagating from the ultrasound transducer to the specimen, the ultrasound signal with high signal-to-noise ratio could be collected from the specimens simultaneously with compressing process. The compression was achieved by adjusting the water flow. The pressure measured inside the water pipe and that on the specimen surface was calibrated. This system was easily to apply C-scan over sample surfaces. Experiments on the phantoms showed that this water jet indentation method was reliable to map the tissue stiffness distribution. Results of 1D and 2D scanning on phantoms with different stiffness are reported. In the second system, we used osmotic pressure caused by the ion concentration change in the bathing solutions for the articular cartilage to deform them. When bovine articular cartilage specimens were immerged in solutions with different salt concentration, a 50 MHz focused ultrasound beam was used to monitor the dynamic swelling or shrinkage process. Results showed that the system could reliably map the strain distribution induced by the osmotic loading. We extract intrinsic layered material parameters of the articular cartilage using a triphasic model. In addition to biological tissues, these systems have potential applications for the assessment of bioengineered tissues, biomaterials with fine structures, or some engineering materials. Further studies are necessary to fully realize the potentials of these two new methods.  相似文献   

15.
When using ESR to measure the radicals generated by ultrasound, it is necessary to extract a solution and place it in the ESR system. To avoid this process, we incorporated an ultrasonic reaction cell in an L-band ESR-CT system, producing a system that allows the detection of the concentration of radicals during ultrasonic irradiation. This system was used to measure the time and space dependences of OH radicals generated by ultrasonic irradiation. When a 10 ml aqueous solution of 1-hydroxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-imidazoline-3-oxide (HTIO) was irradiated with ultrasound, it was found that the generation of radicals was clearly shown in a CT image after a period of 10 min. It was also found that continued irradiation resulted in an increased concentration of radicals. In addition to this system, an X-band ESR system was also used to measure the concentration of OH radicals generated, and the results of both systems were then compared. Both results are very similar, showing that the proposed system, which was realized by incorporating an ultrasonic irradiation cell in the L-band ESR-CT system, operated properly. Because this system allows the measurement of sonochemical reactions in an opaque cell or an opaque solution such as blood and industrial wastewater, it is a very useful measurement system for achieving the applying of sonochemistry to the medical engineering field.  相似文献   

16.
Wachinger C  Klein T  Navab N 《Ultrasonics》2012,52(4):547-554
The derivation of statistically optimal similarity measures for intensity-based registration is possible by modeling the underlying image noise distribution. The parameters of these distributions are, however, commonly set heuristically across all images. In this article, we show that the estimation of the parameters on the present images largely improves the registration, which is a consequence of the more accurate characterization of the image noise. More precisely, instead of having constant parameters over the entire image domain, we estimate them on patches, leading to a local adaptation of the similarity measure. While this basic idea of creating locally adaptive metrics is interesting for various fields of application, we present the derivation for ultrasound imaging. The domain of ultrasound is particularly appealing for this approach, due to the inherent contamination with speckle noise. Furthermore, there exist detailed analyses of suitable noise distributions in the literature. We present experiments for applying a bivariate Nakagami distribution that facilitates modeling of several scattering scenarios prominent in medical ultrasound. Depending on the number of scatterers per resolution cell and the presence of coherent structures, different Nakagami parameters are required to obtain a valid approximation of the intensity statistics and to account for distributional locality. Our registration results on radio-frequency ultrasound data confirm the theoretical necessity for a spatial adaptation of similarity metrics.  相似文献   

17.
Results are reported on an assessment of the application of coherent Doppler and cross-correlation techniques to measure nearbed boundary layer flow. The approaches use acoustic backscattering from sediments entrained into the water column from the bed, to obtain high-resolution profiles of the nearbed hydrodynamics. Measurements are presented from a wave tunnel experiment in which sediment was entrained by unidirectional, oscillatory, and combined flows. The data collected have been used to evaluate the capability of the two flow techniques to measure boundary layer mean, turbulent, and intrawave velocity profiles. Further, the backscattered signal has been used to measure suspended sediment concentration profiles, which have been combined with the velocity profiles to obtain high-resolution measurements of boundary layer sediment flux.  相似文献   

18.
现有B超成像可以提供基于声阻抗差异的组织解剖结构信息,而近年来研究发现,光声成像可以提供标记组织成分的分布和功能信息。本文基于商用B超仪和脉冲激光系统建立了光声超声双模态成像系统,实现了超声组织结构成像和光声生物功能的同时成像。首先基于血红蛋白在某些波段的较强吸光性,实现了肿瘤内部组织血管灌注图像;其次用链接有靶向抗体的纳米颗粒作为靶向光声造影剂,对恶性肿瘤边缘和内部的血管以及血管附近的肿瘤组织进行了成像。最终,通过超声和光声的融合图像提供的肿瘤结构信息与光声图像提供的肿瘤功能信息,可以准确识别肿瘤组织。  相似文献   

19.
基于张红武的“紊流涡团模式”和采用高精度的流速垂向分布表达式,建立起高含沙水流的紊动粘性系数计算公式。应用此公式计算泥沙连续性方程中的泥沙扩散系数,得到了与测试资料相符合的含沙量垂线分布规律;进一步,将建立起的紊动粘性系数计算公式应用于黄河下游平面二维泥沙数学模型中,以封闭水沙控制方程,并选择1982年洪水和花园口至夹河滩河段开展数值仿真,计算出的洪水流量过程、水位过程及主流线等与实测资料基本一致。应用结果表明本研究中所建立的紊动粘性系数计算公式可用于高含沙水流的理论分析和模拟计算中。  相似文献   

20.
A novel method is proposed for non-contact measurement of static electricity distribution on a surface using focused ultrasound to excite movement of the charge. The focused ultrasound is generated by controlling individually the phases of 285 airborne ultrasound transducers, and it was demonstrated local excitation could be measured. An electric field is induced by local excitation of a charged object. The electric field intensity and phase are related to the surface potential and electrical polarity of the object, respectively. It is possible to measure static electricity distribution over an entire object surface by scanning the position of the focused ultrasound.  相似文献   

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