剪应力作用下流体力学关联对胶体聚团的影响

用计算机模拟的方法，探讨了剪应力下流体力学关联对胶体聚团特性的影响，并与无流体力学关联时的结果作了比较，研究表明，流体力学关联因素对胶体簇团的分形维数和栩位数没有明显的影响，但却使聚团的机理发生改变，从无流体力学关联时的颗粒－颗粒型向簇团－簇团型过渡。这个结果都很好地解释了有关的实验现象。     

超声空化引起界面湍动促进的传质机理

本文分析了超声空化引起界面湍动对传质过程的影响,提出了相界面上超声空化气泡析出增强边界层液体湍动并促进传质的机理,在传质理论和流体动力学原理的基础上,建立了超声空化引起界面湍动促进的传质机理模型,获得了超声空化引起界面湍动促进的传质系数表达式。实验结果验证了模型的合理性。该模型既证实了超声对传质有强化效应,又对传质过程有很好的预测功能,为工业化提供了理论依据。     

超声空化引入物理实验教学的探讨

超声空化引入物理实验教学的探讨周辉，莫喜平，王双维（东北师范大学声学物理系，长春１３００２４）冯若（南京大学声学研究所，２１０００８）超声空化是指在超声场作用下，液体中微小气泡（常称为空化核）的生长、振荡及崩溃等一系列过程（１）．空化是声学与化学、生...     

医学超声空化的研究进展

本文介绍了近期医学超声空化研究的若干进展,着重概括了它的研究方法与基本结果,在此基础上提出了一些问题与看法。     

基于超声雾化的溴化锂水溶液发生过程特性分析

针对传统溴化锂吸收式制冷系统中发生器的发生过程效率过低的问题,从提高发生效率的角度,提出一种超声波雾化溴化锂溶液来增大气液接触面积的新型发生器。基于能量与质量守恒方程,构建了超声波雾化溴化锂溶液的数学模型,探讨了不同影响因素对新型发生器内发生效率等重要参数的影响。比较分析了新型发生器与传统发生器在吸收制冷系统中的制冷量和制冷系数,理论上验证了该技术应用的可行性。研究结果表明:超声波雾化技术应用于发生器,在消耗微小能耗的情况下可获得更高的系统能效。所给定工况下,雾化液滴直径为43.22μm,雾化高度为0.63 cm,发生器内传质系数增加率可以达到4.75%;新型发生器的吸收制冷系统的制冷量和制冷系数分别较传统发生器提高了33.21%和31.33%。     

超声空化的电化学检测及混响场空化效应的研究

本文提出并设计了超声空化的电化学检测法，实现了通过分析样品的电学量变化来检测声空化，通过对混响场空化效应的研究，定性分析解释了混响场中空化饱和现象? ?     

超声空化的研究方法及进展

综述了超声空化研究的各种方法及研究进展,总结了空化研究中存在的问题,简要介绍了超声空化在基因导入方面应用的新进展。     

超声空化状态对苯酚降解的影响

给出不同空化状态下超声波降解苯酚溶液的实验结果,比较了相应的声压级频谱和合成声强。研究了苯酚溶液的浓度,二阶铁盐,超声辐射时间对苯酚降解率的影响,讨论了不同空化状态下的声压级频谱特征。     

螺旋锥齿轮超声研磨的试验研究

介绍了螺旋锥齿轮超声研磨加工的方法,利用声学和超声空化的相关理论分析了超声研齿的材料去除方式,在齿面接触区具有旋转超声加工的特点,在非接触区,超声空化对齿面产生空蚀或者直接激励磨粒撞击和滑擦齿面,引起材料的去除。进行了超声研齿和普通研齿的对比试验,结果表明超声研齿的材料去除率可达到普通研磨的3倍,齿面粗糙度低至Ra0.2μm,水平截距c1.2μm。齿面研磨后的SEM照片证实,齿面质量明显提高。     

Removal of colloidal precipitation plugging with high-power ultrasound

Petroleum is a continuous and dynamically stable colloidal system. In the process of oil extraction, transportation, and post-treatment, the stability of the petroleum sol system is easily destroyed, resulting in asphaltenes precipitation that can make pore throat, oil wells, and pipelines blocked, thereby damaging the reservoir and reducing oil recovery. In this paper, removing near-well plugging caused by asphaltene deposition with high-power ultrasound is investigated. Six PZT transducers with different parameters were used to carry out the experimental study. Results show that ultrasonic frequency is one important factor for removing colloidal precipitation plugging in cores, it could not be too high nor too low. The optimum ultrasonic frequency is 25 kHz; Selecting transducers with a higher power is an effective way to improve the removal efficiency. The optimum ultrasonic power is 1000 W. With the increase of ultrasonic treatment time, the recovery rate reaches the maximum and tends to be stable. ultrasonic processing time should be controlled within 120 min. Besides, three methods — ultrasonic treatment alone, chemical injection alone, and ultrasound-chemical method — for removing colloidal precipitation plugging are compared. Results indicate that the ultrasound-assisted chemical method is better than chemical injection alone or ultrasonic treatment alone to remove colloidal sediment in the core. Finally, the mechanism of the ultrasonic deplugging technique is analyzed from three aspects: cavitation effect, the thermal effect, and mechanical vibration.     

超声波作用下声学参数对悬浮液中微粒凝聚的影响

对利用超声波去除或分离悬液中微小颗粒过程中频率和时均声能密度等声学参数对微粒凝聚的影响作了分析研究。利用前人的数学模型对不同声对比因数下悬浮液中微粒达到平衡状态时所需要的时间及凝聚位置进行了计算。在水模型实验,实验中所施加超声波的频率为24.1kHz,微粒的粒径为0-60um、密度940kg/m^3的高密度聚乙烯,实验液为脱气软化水,实验结果与部分理论分析结果是一致的。     

脉冲超声激励下SonoVue微泡的瞬态空化特性

将SonoVue微泡从临床疾病诊断拓展至治疗引起了诸多研究人员的兴趣。为了平衡治疗效率和生物安全性,深入理解声学参数和SonoVue微泡瞬态空化的关系至关重要。本研究自行制备仿体容器放置SonoVue微泡,使用1 MHz发射换能器激励其产生空化效应,另一个7.5 MHz的聚焦换能器接收声信号,经放大及高速数据采集后送上位机处理。通过深入分析信号的时频域特征,我们提出以宽带信号的能量及其随时间变化曲线的半高宽来表征瞬态空化的剂量(ICD)和相对持续时间(ICP),并确定:瞬态空化的发生和ICD依赖于峰值负声压,但ICP随峰值负声压的增加而减小;脉冲重复频率和脉冲持续时间都和ICD及ICP正相关;且脉冲持续时间的影响较大。这些结果有望为SonoVue微泡的治疗应用提供理论支持。     

亚临界水中超声激励空化泡动力学分析

考察亚临界水中压力和温度对超声空化泡动力学的影响。应用非线性Rayleigh-Plesset方程模拟空化泡运动过程,并利用Matlab软件编程求数值解,用碘量法测定超声在亚临界水中的声空化产额。结果表明:当亚临界水的压力相似文献   

模拟研究电荷的大小和温度对带电胶体纳米粒子稳定性的影响

利用蒙特卡罗方法和原始模型对正则系综中的带电胶体悬浮液进行分子模拟研究. 同时利用众所周知的DLVO理论研究颗粒之间的有效相互作用. 另外研究了温度、微离子价态和胶体粒子对溶液相稳定性的影响. 结果表明,在较高的温度下悬浮液更稳定. 另一方面,低价态的微离子更有利于形成稳定的悬浮液. 对于高电荷的微离子,平均每个集合体中的聚集体的数量和颗粒数更高,较大的胶体粒子稳定性差. 理论结果与表面曲率影响的理论公式有很好的一致性.     

A review of effects and applications of ultrasound in mineral flotation

Ultrasound technology is widely applied in the flotation process. From the perspective of the theory of ultrasound, this article explains the effects and applications of ultrasound in the flotation process. To obtain a clear understanding of ultrasonic effects, we observe the phenomena of ultrasound using a high-speed camera and a CCD camera, and investigate potential applications in flotation. From these different phenomena, the ultrasonic effects are classified into three types of effect: the transient cavitation effect, stable cavitation effect, and acoustic radiation force effect. Based on these effects, the applications of ultrasound to mineral flotation are reviewed, including slime coating removal, oxidation film removal, desulfuration, tiny bubble generation, flotation reagent dispersion, and aggregation. In addition, the ultrasonic equipment and treatment methods applied in flotation are classified and compared based on their characteristics. Finally, we propose some potential directions in the study of the stable cavitation effect and acoustic radiation force effect, which are important, but are seldom mentioned in previous reports.     

超声波在食品技术中的应用

强超声在媒质中传播时产生力学效应、空化效应和热效应,产匝此增强质量传输和热传递,对介质产生强的切向力。本文对超声波在辅助或强化提取,冷冻、乳化、结晶和干燥等食品的加工技术中应用加以综述。     

On the interaction between ultrasound waves and bubble clouds in mono- and dual-frequency sonoreactors

Since the last decades, extensive work have been done on the numerical modeling of mono-frequency sonoreactors, we here consider the modeling of dual-frequency sonoreactors. We first present the basic features of the CAMUS code (CAvitating Medium under UltraSound), for mono-frequency excitation. Computation at low, medium and high frequency are presented. Extension of the numerical tool CAMUS is also presented: Caflisch equations are modified to take into account the dual-frequency excitation of the sound. We consider 28–56, 28–100 and 28–200 kHz sonoreactors. Fields of cavitation bubble emergence are quite different from the ones under mono-frequency. Study of spatio-temporal dynamics of cavitation bubbles in a 28–56 kHz sonoreactor is also considered. Taking into account the pressure field induced by the dual-frequency wave propagation, we compute the Bjerknes force applied on the cavitation bubble that is responsible for the bubble migration. A two phase flow approach allows to compute the bubble migration.     

Measurement of microstructural changes promoted by ultrasound application on plant materials with different porosity

This research investigated the effects of ultrasound application (192 ± 6 W/L) on the microstructure of vegetables/fruits with different porosities, cell sizes and patterns (eggplants, beetroots, and apples), submitted to an immersion treatment in different liquids: distilled water, citric acid (1% w/v), and the vegetable/fruit juice, at 25 °C during 5 min. The ultrasound application did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect the size of the cells of the most porous material (eggplant) compared to the samples immersed without ultrasound assistance. The apple samples (with a middle-high porosity and the largest cells) were the most affected by ultrasound application. The median cell areas of samples treated with ultrasound in water and apple juice were 26 and 20% larger than those of samples treated without ultrasound, mainly because of cell wall disruption which caused the cells to merge into bigger clusters, but no effect was observed with the citric acid. Ultrasound application significantly (p < 0.05) increased the median cell area of the less porous raw matter (beetroot) only when the treatment was carried out in the vegetable juice (cells were 26% larger after treatment assisted with ultrasound than without it). Thus, the effects of ultrasound differ in materials with initially different characteristics.     

Evaluation of ultrasound and microbubbles effect on pork meat during brining process

In this study combined effect of ultrasound-induced acoustic cavitation and microbubbles during meat brining on pork loin (Longissimus dorsi) was evaluated. Cylindrical shape (diameter 15 mm, height 80 mm) pork loin samples were cut and immersed in 200 g L^-1 NaCl brine and treated with the following brining methods for 180 min: static brining (SB), ultrasound assisted brining (US) and ultrasound combined with microbubbles in brine (USMB). Ultrasound was generated with 20 kHz frequency, 5,09 W/cm² maximum intensity and 100 W maximum power. Microbubbles in brine were produced by a gas–liquid mixing pump. Effect of ultrasound and microbbubles on NaCl content and diffusion in pork loin, mass balance, water binding capacity (WBC), protein denaturation and meat tissue microstructure were evaluated. The US and USMB brinings enhanced the NaCl diffusion into meat compared to meat brined under static conditions. The constant diffusion coefficient (D) model precisely described the NaCl diffusion kinetics during brinings. The ultrasound and microbbubles resulted in microscopic pores on the surface of myofibers. Decreasing WBC was observed for all brining methods. Myosin was not detectable in any of the brining methods. Denaturation temperature of actin showed a decreasing tendency with increasing brining time independently the brining methods.