共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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研制了一种嵌套式高频宽带复合材料换能器,利用1-3型压电复合材料Q值较低、频带较宽的特点,采用组合式的结构拓展换能器的工作带宽。通过切割框型压电陶瓷、灌注环氧树脂得到压电复合材料框型敏感元件,再将不同厚度的框型敏感元件沿轴向嵌套从而制成多层嵌套的压电复合材料敏感元件。建立1-3型压电复合材料中压电小柱的等效电路,根据等效电路计算出压电小柱的谐振频率,并与1-3型压电复合材料的谐振频率理论计算结果进行对比。通过ANSYS软件对敏感元件结构进行仿真,并根据仿真结果确定了敏感元件的最佳设计方案。最终制作出的换能器进行水下测试,该换能器的谐振频率为310kHz,最大发送电压响应为188.5dB,-3dB带宽可达130kHz,接收灵敏度最大可达-186.8dB,-3dB带宽可达90kHz,谐振频率处-3dB的指向性开角约为2.4°。该嵌套式敏感元件可实现换能器宽带发射与接收声波的目标。 相似文献
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Sapozhnikov OA Maxwell AD MacConaghy B Bailey MR 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2007,121(2):1190-1202
In vitro experiments and an elastic wave model were used to analyze how stress is induced in kidney stones by lithotripsy and to test the roles of individual mechanisms-spallation, squeezing, and cavitation. Cylindrical U30 cement stones were treated in an HM-3-style lithotripter. Baffles were used to block specific waves responsible for spallation or squeezing. Stones with and without surface cracks added to simulate cavitation damage were tested in glycerol (a cavitation suppressive medium). Each case was simulated using the elasticity equations for an isotropic medium. The calculated location of maximum stress compared well with the experimental observations of where stones fractured in two pieces. Higher calculated maximum tensile stress correlated with fewer shock waves required for fracture. The highest calculated tensile stresses resulted from shear waves initiated at the proximal corners and strengthened along the side surfaces of the stone by the liquid-borne lithotripter shock wave. Peak tensile stress was in the distal end of the stone where fracture occurred. Reflection of the longitudinal wave from the distal face of the stone--spallation-produced lower stresses. Surface cracks accelerated fragmentation when created near the location where the maximum stress was predicted. 相似文献
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Phenomena such as shear thinning and thickening, occurring when complex materials are exposed to external forces, are generally believed to be closely connected to changes in the microstructure. Here, we establish a direct and quantitative relation between shear thinning in a colloidal crystal and the surface area of the locally melted region by dragging a probe particle through the crystal using optical tweezing. We show that shear thinning originates from the nonlinear dependence of the locally melted surface area on the drag velocity. Our observations provide unprecedented quantitative evidence for the intimate relation between mechanical properties and underlying changes in microscopic structure. 相似文献
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We investigate the nucleation of ordered phases, their symmetries, and distributions in dense frictional hard sphere packings as a function of particle volume fraction ?, by imposing cyclic shear and constant applied pressure conditions. We show, with internal imaging, that the nucleating crystallites in the bulk consist of 10-60 spheres with hexagonal close packed (hcp) order and nonspherical shape, that are oriented preferentially along the shear axis. Above ?=0.62±0.005, crystallites with face centered cubic (fcc) order are observed with increasing probability, and ordered domains grow rapidly. A polycrystalline phase with domains of fcc and hcp order is observed after hundreds of thousands of shear cycles. 相似文献
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The infinite unitary irreducible spinor representations of the SL(3, R) algebra of hadron excitations are embedded in a global GA(4, R) with intrinsic dilation, shear and spin pieces in its hypermomentum current (i.e. the affine generalization of angular momentum). When gauged over a spacetime with a local Minkowski metric, GA(4, R) reproduces the metric-affine theory of gravity, in which the hypermomentum is coupled to the connection and the energy-momentum to the tetrad. 相似文献
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Zhang X Royston TJ Mansy HA Sandler RH 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2001,109(2):795-802
In a recent study a new analytical solution was developed and validated experimentally for the problem of surface wave generation on a linear viscoelastic half-space by a rigid circular disk located on the surface and oscillating normal to it. The results of that study suggested that, for the low audible frequency range, some previously reported values of shear viscosity for soft biological tissues may be inaccurate. Those values were determined by matching radiation impedance measurements with theoretical calculations reported previously. In the current study, the sensitivity to shear viscoelastic material constants of theoretical solutions for radiation impedance and surface wave motion are compared. Theoretical solutions are also compared to experimental measurements and numerical results from finite-element analysis. It is found that, while prior theoretical solutions for radiation impedance are accurate, use of such measurements to estimate shear viscoelastic constants is not as precise as the use of surface wave measurements. 相似文献
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We study the effects of couplings to flexure and face-shear modes on the admittance of an AT-cut quartz plate thickness-shear mode resonator. Mindlin’s two-dimensional equations for piezoelectric plates are employed. Electrically forced vibration solutions are obtained for three cases: pure thickness-shear mode alone; two coupled modes of thickness shear and flexure; and three coupled modes of thickness shear, flexure, and face shear. Admittance is calculated and its dependence on the driving frequency and the length/thickness ratio of the resonator is examined. Results show that near the thickness-shear resonance, admittance assumes maxima, and that for certain values of the length/thickness ratio, the coupling to flexure causes severe admittance drops, while the coupling to the face-shear mode causes additional admittance changes that were previously unknown and hence are not considered in current resonator design practice. 相似文献
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采用有限元方法对钼基体上不同厚度(20~1 000 μm)金刚石膜的热残余应力进行了全面的模拟与分析,得出了它们在膜内分布的等值线图,研究了金刚石膜厚度尺寸对整个膜内的最大主拉应力和界面处每个应力分量最大值的影响。结果表明:在整个膜内,最大主拉应力的位置出现在膜的表面、界面或侧面,其值随膜厚度的增加而增大;在界面处,最大轴向应力随膜厚度的增加而增大,而最大径向压应力、最大周向压应力和最大剪应力则随膜厚度的增加而减小,其中最大剪应力减幅较小;膜厚度越大时,以上各量随厚度增(减)的速度越慢。其结论对于在金刚石膜的制备中合理地选择厚度、有效地进行应力控制有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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We present measurements of the particle velocity distribution in the slow flow of granular material through vertical channels. The velocities of particles adjacent to the smooth, transparent front face of the channel were determined by video imaging and particle tracking. We find that the mean velocity changes sharply in shear layers near the side walls, but remains constant in a substantial core. The velocity distribution is non-Gaussian, is anisotropic, and follows a power law at large velocities. Remarkably, the distribution is identical in the shear layer and the core. We show evidence of spatially correlated motion, and propose a mechanism for the generation of fluctuational motion in the absence of shear. 相似文献