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在蛋白质(牛血清白蛋白)-水胶体溶液中加入无机盐,利用蛋白质盐析的原理粗分离蛋白质是常用的生物分离技术。本文试图利用超声强化蛋白质盐析分离过程。讨论了声场参数,即频率、声强、超声辐射时间对该过程的影响。实验表明超声处理牛血清白蛋白时,20kHz超声辐照比无超声处理可缩短了近4.5小时的静置时间,20kHz超声处理可得到约90%的最高蛋白质收率;不同超声频率下有不同的最佳声压值,频率较低时的盐析效果较好;超声辐照并非时间越长越好,超声辐照2min时,牛血清白蛋白的收率最大。由此证明超声技术可加速盐析后的蛋白质沉降速度。 相似文献
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针对合金熔体等液体材料的超声处理过程,选取水作为透明模型材料,采用数值模拟计算和示踪粒子实验方法,研究了20和490 kHz两种频率超声作用下水中的声场和流场分布.结果表明,增大变幅杆半径能够提高水中声压水平,扩大空化效应的发生区域.当超声频率为20 kHz时,水中声压最大值出现在超声变幅杆下端面处,且声压沿传播距离的增大而显著减小.如果超声频率增加至490 kHz,水中的声压级相比于20 kHz时明显提高,且声压沿着超声传播方向呈现出周期性振荡特征.两种频率超声作用下水中的流场呈现相似的分布特征,且平均流速均随着变幅杆半径增大表现出先升高后降低的趋势.变幅杆半径相同时,20 kHz频率超声作用下水中的平均流速高于490 kHz频率超声.采用示踪粒子图像测速技术实时观察和测定了水中的流速分布,发现其与计算结果基本一致. 相似文献
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利用微电铸技术制作的微流控芯片模具往往存在沉积厚度不均匀的缺陷,这种缺陷会影响模具的尺寸精度及使用性能,并增加模具的制作成本。为了制得厚度均匀的微流控芯片模具,研究了超声电铸对模具均匀性的影响。首先,采用有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics建立微流控芯片模具的微电铸模型,分析电铸2 h后的模具的厚度分布。并根据该仿真结果,设计掩模版。然后,在自主搭建的超声电铸装置中进行一系列电铸实验,来研究超声搅拌对模具均匀性的影响。实验结果表明:电铸过程中添加超声搅拌可以改善微流控芯片模具的均匀性。超声功率为200 W时,超声频率改善模具均匀性的程度为200 kHz>80 kHz>120 kHz。超声频率为200 kHz时,超声功率改善模具均匀性的程度为500 W>200 W>100 W。当超声的频率和功率分别为200 kHz和500 W时,与无超声电铸相比,模具的均匀性提高约30%。 相似文献
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通过光纤频移干涉技术测量了超声在光纤中产生的多普勒频移,提出一种光纤超声传感方法.将缠绕在压电陶瓷上的光纤环接入到频移干涉萨格拉克干涉仪中,以压电陶瓷作为超声波信号源,调节声光调制器使得干涉信号偏置在零点,达到系统灵敏度最高,通过干涉信号的频率和幅值测量到了超声引起光纤环中发生的多普勒频移,进而获得了作用在光纤环上的超声波信号.实验结果表明,用该方法测量超声频率的相对误差为0.001%,频响在所测量的20~200kHz范围内具有良好的线性.该方法在管道健康监测、固体内部裂缝监测、大型机械装备结构损伤监测等方面具有应用前景. 相似文献
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本文在频率分别为20kHz、30kHz、40kHz(电功率均为500W)的超声场中制备溶胶。用光散射法测得溶胶粒子粒径分别为29.4nm、18.3nm、13.2nm,对无超声场和超声场(40kHz)制备的凝胶进行超临界乙醇干燥。用XRD、BET、TEM、DRS对上述干燥的TiO2粒子进行表征,以光催化降解罗丹明B为模型反应。结果表明,在实验范围内溶胶粒径随超声波频率的升高而减小,加超声场制备的纳米TiO2粒子光催化活性比无超声场下制备的粒子高。 相似文献
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摘 要:光学微腔的高灵敏度主要源于其结构在时间和空间上对光场的局域增强作用和频率选择作用。其结构在垂直于波导方向上形成了高反射的边界,形成了一种回声腔,使得光在波导内来回反射,从而增强了波导内部的光场强度。当外界存在微小的压力波动时,它将引起波导内部的介电常数和压力场的变化,从而改变了谐振腔内的模式场分布和传输特性,据此可以实现对微小的压力波动进行高灵敏度检测。本文设计了一种高品质因子(Q)的光波导微槽式环形谐振腔超声传感器,完成器件制备并搭建了测试系统,依据倏逝波效应实现了超声探测。测试结果表明,该传感器的品质因子为1.38×107,在800 kHz ~1 MHz范围内响应平坦,在900 kHz的信噪比可以达到27 dB,灵敏度达到 -168 dB。本文设计的传感器可以为水声探测等领域的研究提供关键技术支持。 相似文献
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采用不同电功率的超声波处理了聚乙二醇(PEG6000)溶液。凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)分析超声处理后的PEG溶液发现,当超声电功率超过250W时,PEG分子量随超声波作用强度的增大而减少,随超声波作用时间的延长而增大;在电功率超过250W超声波作用下,傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)分析表明,组成PEG的单体没有明显改变,但是,羟基含量分析表明,PEG固体样品中的羟基含量有所减少。结合实验结果,根据高分子化学、有机化学和超声化学中相关理论对PEG超声化学反应机理进行了探讨,认为:当超声波作用于PEG溶液时,同时存在有PEG的缩水聚合反应和自由基降解反应,当频率为20-25kHz、电功率为250-600W的超声作用于PEG6000溶液时,缩水聚合反应占主导地位。 相似文献
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Human footsteps generate periodic broadband frequency envelopes of sound due to dynamic friction forces. Also, human body motion when walking is a cyclic temporal process. The individual body parts have different acoustic cross sections and velocities that form unique human Doppler signatures. The paper introduces an approach to analyze this motion using passive and active ultrasound. The passive method employs a narrowband microphone that is sensitive to the sound from footsteps. The active method utilizes continuous-wave ultrasound to measure the Doppler shifted signal from the body appendages. These two methods show time synchronization between Doppler and ultrasonic human footstep signatures. 相似文献
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In this paper, a near-field tomographic solution is introduced to solve the imaging problem of fluid objects assumed to be weakly heterogeneous (Born approximation) and excited by spherical waves. The solution to the forward problem is based on the Huygens-Fresnel principle which describes the scattered field as the result of the interference scheme of all the secondary spherical waves. From the derivation of the scattered field, a new Fourier transform that has been called the elliptical Fourier transform is defined: It differs from the standard Fourier transform in that instead of a plane wave decomposition, a harmonic ellipsoidal wave decomposition is obtained. Based on this spectral analysis, a near-field Radon transform is designed that complements the "far-field tools" published in diffraction tomography literature. Then, assuming that the measuring distance is greater than one wavelength, the feasibility of reconstructing either the impedance or the velocity maps of an acoustical (perfect fluid) model is demonstrated. Numerical simulations were performed which confirmed the validity of the theory presented here; a theory which has many potential applications in future wave theory research. 相似文献
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Bioleaching with ultrasound 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Application of bioleaching of metals in a large-scale operation is reviewed briefly. Continued technical innovation is vital for the wider utilisation of this extraction process within the mineral industries. Therefore, the use of power ultrasound in combination with bioleaching (referred to as sonobioleaching) has been studied and is shown to be beneficial in the recovery of nickel from lean grade ores. The role of ultrasound in improving the benefits and lowering the drawbacks of bioleaching to an acceptable level are described. A possible mechanism for improving and intensifying this process is hypothesised. 相似文献
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R. Wittenzellner 《Ultrasonics》1976,14(6):281-282
Professor Wittenzellners' hitherto unpublished work was completed in January 1951 and is now presented as an item of historical and current interest. It contains some of the first studies on the effects of ultrasonic irradiation applied to body tissues, a subject now of popular interest in medical ultrasonics. 相似文献
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Mason TJ 《Ultrasonics sonochemistry》2011,18(4):847-852
Therapeutic ultrasound is defined as the use of ultrasound for the treatment of diseased or injured organs or bodily structures and is quite distinct from diagnostic ultrasound. There were many early attempts in the past to use ultrasound in therapy for a variety of applications and while some of these have not been pursued others have led on to clinical applications which are now used routinely. Such progress has been made possible by a number of factors including advances in transducer design, more accurate measurement and calibration of acoustic power and careful experiments to determine the precise nature of chemical processes taking place during and following the exposure of tissue to ultrasound. Major advances have been made in some fields where ultrasound is used such as physiotherapy, surgical instruments, chemotherapy, drug delivery and more recently, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The last of these has seen enormous activity leading to the formation of the International Society of Therapeutic Ultrasound and a number of very well attended regular specialist meetings. In this review some historical perspectives of therapeutic ultrasound and progress in the field since the early 1990's will be presented. 相似文献
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Kullervo Hynynen 《Ultrasonics》2010,50(2):221-12509
Focused ultrasound (FUS) allows noninvasive focal delivery of energy deep into soft tissues. The focused energy can be used to modify and eliminate tissue for therapeutic purposes while the energy delivery is targeted and monitored using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI compatible methods to deliver these exposures have undergone rapid development over the past 10 years such that clinical treatments are now routinely performed. This paper will review the current technical and clinical status of MRI-guided focused ultrasound therapy and discuss future research and development opportunities. 相似文献
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A sensitive radiation force balance for laboratory measurement of ultrasonic power is presented. The principle of the system is based on measuring the ultrasonic radiation force exerted on a conical float suspended in water. Technical details of the implementation of the economically attractive system are described. The operation of the system is automated with the aid of the IEEE-488 bus and a desktop computer. Design aspects that affect measurement uncertainty are investigated. A theoretical model for the measurement of ultrasonic power with a conical reflector target is discussed. The expanded uncertainty (95% confidence level) of the above radiation force conical float system is estimated to be between 5% to 10%. 相似文献