电负性拓扑指数mF及其对无机物理化性质的预测

受Randic分子连接性拓扑指数 mX的启发 ,构建了电负性拓扑指数 mF .用 mF的 0、1阶指数分别与 2 0种碱金属卤化物的晶格能U、生成焓ΔrHm、离子水化能ΔrGθm、5 1种金属离子水合热ΔrHθh 和 80种离子标准生成热ΔfHθm 进行关联 ,拟合的回归方程的相关系 (指 )数分别为 0 .995 4( 0 .995 4)、0 .983 5 ( 0 .9840 )、0 .9794( 0 .9795 )、0 .9948和 0 .9865 ,满足优级或良级标准 .结构选择性达到唯一性表征 ,预测取得满意的结果     

新的价连接性指数与烃标准熵和燃烧热的相关性研究

定义原子特征值βi=(ni-1)mi±hi.由βi建构新的价连接性指数^mX= ∑（βi·βj·βk…）^0.5),其中0阶指数^0X=∑（βi）^0.5,1阶指数^1X=∑（βi·βj）^0.5。并计算了4个系列72个烃分子的^0X 、^1X值。发现^mX与烃的标准熵、标准燃烧热有良好的相关性,相关系数均在0．99以上。并采用Jackknife方法对模型稳健性进行了试验。     

链烷烃标准熵的拓扑研究

根据核磁共振的峰数及Randic的碳原子支化度 ,提出了碳原子特征值 .基于连接矩阵和碳原子特征值 ,建立新的连接指数 mY .其中的 0阶连接性指数0 Y很容易计算 ,且对烷烃异构体有很强的区分能力 .将 15 7种气态链烷烃的标准熵与其0 Y相关联 ,R =0 .9985 ,属于优级模型 .与Randic指数的0 χ及倪才华等提出的信息拓扑指数Ix、IW 比较 ,0 Y具有良好的性质相关性与结构选择性     

卤代烷第一电离能的自相关拓扑研究

基于有机物系统命名法的原子序数（gi)及其染色序数（gi‘)对分子中非氢原子具有优异的选择性,并能反映其所处的化学环境。1阶原子序数自相关拓扑指数（^1G）及其染色指数（^1G‘)定义为：^1G=∑（gi· gi)^-1、^1G‘=∑(gi‘·gi‘)^-1。它们不仅计算简单,而且对烷烃、卤代烃的同分异构体的区分能力优于著名的Kier指数(^1X^v)。27种卤代烷第一电离能（Ip)的递变规律可表征为：Ip=7.4545-0.7934^1G‘-0.7067^1G+1.5514Xp,其复相关系数为0.9982,优于文献的0.9976。估算结果效好。     

拓扑指数与掺杂二硼化镁体系超导电性的关系

构建了电性连接性指数mF和价电子能级连接性指数mE,计算了二硼化镁体及掺杂二硼化镁体系的0阶拓扑指数0F和0E,发现与超导转变温度Tc之间有良好的规律性,因此,本文提出以电性连接性指数mF和价电子能级连接性指数mE作为掺杂二硼化镁体系超导电性的新判据.     

拓扑指数与掺杂铁基砷化物超导电性的关系

构建了电性连接线指数mF和价电子能级连接性指数mE;计算了掺杂铁基砷化物体系的0级拓扑指数0F和0E;发现与超导转变温度T之间有良好的规律性.据此,文中提出以电性连接性指数mF和价电子能级连接性指数mE作为掺杂铁基砷化物体系超导电性的判据.     

ZnSeH分子微观性质及热力学性质的从头计算

用密度泛函B3LYP方法对ZnSeH分子体系进行了理论研究,优化得到ZnSeH分子的微观构型及不同温度下的热力学函数值.ZnSeH为角型分子,RZn-Se=0.239?5?nm、RSe-H=0.148?5?nm、角αZnSeH=94.832°.设用总能量中的电子和振动能量近似代表ZnSeH分子处于固态时的能量,用总熵中的电子和振动熵近似代表ZnSeH分子处于固态时的熵,进而计算了Zn与HSe反应的△H0、△S0、△G0,并由此计算出不同温度的反应平衡常数Kp.结果表明在298～1 098 K温度范围内,Zn与HSe反应能够自发发生,且随着温度的升高,△G0逐渐增大,平衡常数逐渐减小,自发反应进行程度越小.     

CoH生成热力学函数的量子力学计算

用B3LYP/SDD密度泛函方法计算了CoH的微观性质、CoH(g)、CoD(g)和CoT(g)的能量 (E)和熵(S) ,进而计算Co与H2 、D2 、T2 反应的ΔH 、ΔG 、ΔS .CoH分子的基电子状态为三重态 ,Re、D 0 、ωe 分别为 1.5 2nm、2 77.84kJ/mol和 132 1cm-1,与实验值基本一致 .在固态分子的E和S的计算中 ,以气态分子计算得到的总能量中的振动能Ev 代替固态能量 ,以总熵中的电子振动熵SEv代替固态熵 .导出了Co与氢同位素气体反应的ΔH 、ΔG 、ΔS 及平衡氢压力与温度的关系 .CoH的室温下平衡离解压力很低 ,表明CoH是一种稳定的氢化物 ,这与CoH分子的D 0 很大的实验事实一致 .     

两种新香豆素分子的热力学和光谱性质

使用密度泛函理论方法在B3LYP /6-31++G**理论水平对两种香豆素a和b分子的几何结构、光谱、热力学性质进行理论计算研究,并基于Tomasi的极化统一场模型(PCM)讨论溶剂效应。结果显示,香豆素a和b分子在气相中的最低能量吸收波长分别为352和355 nm,溶剂及其极性大小对香豆素a最低能量吸收波长影响很小,但在溶剂作用下香豆素b分子的最低能量吸收波长红移7-10 nm,溶剂的极性对该波长影响较小。298 K标准压力下香豆素a和b分子的气态标准摩尔生成焓 分别为-1373.171和-1310.805 kJ.mol-1,标准摩尔生成自由能 分别为-1064.043和-1035.849 kJ.mol-1,标准摩尔熵 分别为763.910和742.150 J.mol-1.K-1.     

基于拓扑结构的碱金属化合物摩尔磁化率的支持向量回归研究

基于经典电动力学导出的表征简单离子磁化率的磁性点价g_i所构建的分子磁性连接性指数?^mF及45种碱金属化合物的摩尔磁化率χ_m的实测数据集,利用粒子群寻优的支持向量回归（SVR）方法,建立了基于⁰F和¹F的碱金属化合物χ_m的预测模型,并与基于多元线性回归（MLR）模型的计算结果进行了比较.结果显示,基于9次交叉验证的SVR模型预测的平均绝对误差、平均相对误差绝对值以及均方根误差均比MLR模型小,表明SVR模型的回归预测能力优于MLR.研究表明,磁性连接性指数^mF是一种合适的分子描述符,SVR是一种预测碱金属化合物χ_m的有效方法. 关键词： 碱金属化合物 摩尔磁化率 支持向量回归 预测     

Can spinor dipolar effects be observed in Bose-Einstein condensates?

Weak dipolar effects in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) have recently been predicted to develop spin textures. However, observation of the spin textures requires us to decrease the magnetic field down to approximately 10 microG for spin-1 alkali BECs, so that they are not washed out by the Zeeman effect. We present a scheme to observe the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction in alkali BECs under a realistic magnetic field of approximately 100 mG. Our scheme enables us to extract genuine dipolar effects and should apply also to (52)Cr BECs.     

Interionic potentials in alkali halides and their use in simulations of the molten salts

After an outline of work on rare-gas systems, which serves as a target for parallel work on alkali halides, and an initial brief survey of those parts of this parallel work for which results have been obtained, interionic potential models for alkali halides are considered in some detail. The rigid ion potentials of Fumi and Tosi are discussed and then a major part of the section is devoted to deriving a new set of polarizable ion potentials, which incorporate the ideas behind the lattice dynamical shell model. Extensions which include many-body terms in the potentials are considered briefly and finally the information which can be obtained from alkali halide diatomic molecules is discussed.

In the third section methods of computer simulation for ionic liquids are outlined, concentrating on the molecular dynamics method, and some of the properties which can be obtained by analysing the ion trajectories are listed. Results from simulations, including some new work on LiF, NaCl and RbI, are reviewed.     

Morphology of alkali halide thin films

Two alkali halide adsorbate-substrate systems were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) working in contact mode. Adsorbate film orientation relative to the substrate was determined from the arrangement of the atomic steps of the substrate and the edges of the forming islands. In this work we present experimental results obtained for systems: NaCl/LiF(0 0 1) and LiF/NaCl(0 0 1), which exhibit a strong tendency of the self-assembly into regular structures.     

Properties of diatomic molecules from dynamical models for alkali halide crystals

Recently reported central interionic potentials for alkali halide crystals, which have been derived from dynamical models including polarisation and shell deformations, are used in calculations of the internuclear distances, vibrational frequencies and binding energies of the corresponding alkali halide molecules. The results are in good agreement with experimentally determined values.     

在小硅化物SiXm（X—H，F，Cl；m＝1─4）中平衡几何和振动频率的从头算研究

本文使用分子轨道从头算方法，在ＨＦ／６—３１Ｇ和ＭＰ２／６—３１Ｇ“水平下，计算了小硅化物ＳｉＸｍ的平衡几何和谐振子振动频率。理论值和实验值的比较表明，对于ＳｉＨｍ分子，实验的键长位于ＨＦ键长和ＭＰ２键长之间，而ＭＰ２振动频率更接近于实验的振动；率。对于ＳｉＣｌｍ分子，无论是键长还是振动频率ＨＦ值和ＭＰ２值都比较接近。对于ＳｉＦｍ分子，处于这两类的中间情况。关联作用随着Ｘ原子的原子序数的增加而减弱。     

Aqueous Synthesis of Water-Soluble Citrate-Modified Cadmium Selenide/Cadmium Sulfide/Zinc Sulfide Quantum Dots

Water-soluble cadmium selenide/cadmium sulfide/zinc sulfide core/shell/shell quantum dots were synthesized in aqueous solution using trisodium citrate as modifier. The crystal structure, morphology, component, and spectral properties of cadmium selenide/cadmium sulfide/zinc sulfide core/shell/shell quantum dots were characterized by X-ray power diffraction, transmission electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, infrared spectrum, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum, and fluorescence spectrum. The results show that the spherical citrate-modified cadmium selenide/cadmium sulfide/zinc sulfide core/shell/shell quantum dots with diameter around 3.6 nm belong to the cubic zinc blende structure. The citrate-modified cadmium selenide/cadmium sulfide/zinc sulfide core/shell/shell quantum dots show a narrow, symmetric, and strong fluorescence emission spectrum band with narrow full width at half maximum of 53 nm, and the fluorescence quantum yield can reach up to 37.3%. The high-quality citrate-modified cadmium selenide/cadmium sulfide/zinc sulfide core/shell/shell quantum dots with good fluorescence properties have potential for application in biological fluorescence analysis.     

Sputtering of molecules during low-energy electron bombardment of alkali halides

The emission of molecules during bombardment of several alkali halides with a 540 eV electron beam has been investigated. Using a time of flight method the energy distributions of the halogen molecules have been measured at various temperatures of the target. The relative halogen molecule to atom ratio has also been examined as a function of the target temperature. It has been found that the molecules were formed from the atoms at the alkali halide surface. This process and the subsequent desorption of the molecules account for the experimental results.     

Luminescence and SHF Photoconductivity of Cadmium and Zinc Sulfides Obtained from Thiocarbamide Coordination Compounds

We have investigated the luminescence and microwave photoconductivity of cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide films obtained from halide (Cl, Br, I) thiocarbamide coordination compounds. We show that the formation of the impurity and intrinsic centers of radiative recombination is governed not only by preparative conditions, but also by the chemical nature of the initial thiocarbamide coordination compounds.     

On the origin of atomistic mechanism of rapid diffusion in alkali halide nanoclusters

To elucidate the atomistic diffusion mechanism responsible for the rapid diffusion in alkali halide nano particles, called Spontaneous Mixing, we execute molecular dynamics simulations with empirical models for KCl-KBr, NaCl-NaBr, RbCl-RbBr and KBr-KI. We successfully reproduce essential features of the rapid diffusion phenomenon. It is numerically confirmed that the rate of the diffusion clearly depends on the size and temperature of the clusters, which is consistent with experiments. A quite conspicuous feature is that the surface melting and collective motions of ions are inhibited in alkali halide clusters. This result indicates that the Surface Peeling Mechanism, which is responsible for the spontaneous alloying of binary metals, does not play a dominant role for the spontaneous mixing in alkali halide nanoclusters. Detailed analysis of atomic motion inside the clusters reveals that the Vacancy Mechanism is the most important mechanism for the rapid diffusion in alkali halide clusters. This is also confirmed by evaluation of the vacancy formation energy: the formation energy notably decreases with the cluster size, which makes vacancy formation easier and diffusion more rapid in small alkali halide clusters.