固化块状活性炭--甲醇的吸附性能实验分析

为提高固体吸附式制冷系统中吸附床的有效传热,本文提出了一种具有较高导热系数和较快吸附速度的固化块状活性炭,并对其物性和吸附性能进行实验研究.针对采用不同材料配比的块状活性炭,测试了活性炭-甲醇在吸附温度35℃,蒸发温度3～5℃条件下的吸附性能曲线,对比分析了粘结剂比例、固化密度及不同的床换热条件对吸附性能的影响,并由此给出了块状活性炭作吸附剂时的合适的粘结剂比例、固化密度、吸附制冷循环中的循环吸附量和循环时间.     

吸附制冷系统吸附床设计及导热性能研究

吸附式制冷是一种适合于太阳能、生物质能等低品位能源驱动的节能环保型制冷技术。以活性炭-甲醇工质对为研究对象,设计了一种带有分散到吸附剂中的矩形支管、刺孔膜片式吸附质管的壳管式吸附床,定性研究了扩散通量和扩散传质系数之间的关系及其传质特性;同时,通过分析吸附床的导热性能,进行了吸附质管制作材料(不锈钢、铝合金、铁皮)的导热性能测定试验。试验表明,铝合金材质(膨胀系数较大)的导热性能较好,可以作为吸附质管制作材料的最佳材质,有助于为促进吸附质的传质扩散、优化吸附床的结构设计及改进生产工艺等提供理论参考。     

汽车尾气驱动的吸附式冷藏车制冷系统的研究

搭建了一套利用汽车尾气驱动的MnCl_2/CaCl_2-NH_3两级吸附式冷藏车制冷系统,两级吸附制冷系统由中温盐吸附床,高温盐吸附床,蒸发器,冷凝器和储液罐等组成。其中温盐吸附床填充氯化钙/硫化膨胀石墨复合吸附剂,高温盐吸附床填充氯化锰/硫化膨胀石墨复合吸附剂,制冷剂为氨,吸附床采用风冷的冷却方式。     

吸附式热泵吸附床吸附解吸量对系统运行过程的影响

在吸附式热泵中,吸附床传热能力的限制,使得系统的运行过程受到了吸附床解吸吸附量的影响．本文通过对实验数据的分析,定性地了解了系统运行ｐ－ｔ－ｘ。图与吸附床解吸吸附量之间,吸附床的升降温曲线与吸附床解吸吸附量之间的关系．为系统运行中如何判断吸附解吸过程所进行的程度提供依据,同时也为系统循环周期与循环过程的优化创造条件。     

连续回热型吸附式空调实际运行与吸附床性能分析

近年来,我们研制了一台连续回热型吸附式空调／热泵,该空调／热泵在１００℃热源驱动下,单位质量制冷功率 ＳＣＰ可达到 １５０ Ｗ／ｋｇ,与此同时 ＣＯＰ达到 ０．４。在系统的实际运行中,吸附床起到了重要的作用。本文介绍了该机组在实际运行中为稳定工况所采取的一系列措施,以及机组运行的实际Ｃｌａｐｅｙｒｏｎ图,着重讨论了系统运行参数对吸附床性能的影响。     

吸附式制冷系统中吸附床材料热容对系统运行COP的影响分析

1前言在吸附式制冷系统的理论运行研究中，很少考虑吸附床材料的影响。实际上由于吸附式制冷系统的非连续性，吸附床材料的热容对实际系统运行性能的影响是非常大的。这个影响体现在系统不断地加热和冷却过程中所损失的吸附床材料的显热热量，这个热量的大小直接受吸附床本身设计的影响，另外还受到系统运行过程的影响，如：系统运行的解吸温度、回热所进行的程度等。由于该系统中通常所用的吸附剂均属多孔性材料，其特点是热导率小，密度低，要满足一定的制冷功率，所设计的吸附床往往很大，另外为增强吸附床内的热传递，加快吸附床的冷却…     

吸附制冷用吸附单元管设计和传热传质性能研究

本文介绍了一种具有较好传热传质性能的吸附式制冷用吸附单元管,该吸附单元管直接用烟气加热、空气冷却, 可以用于沸石等高温吸附剂。该吸附单元管在加热／冷却流体侧和吸附剂侧均设了翅片,吸附剂内部的传热尺度不大于 2．5 mm,最大传质尺度不大于11 mm。通过数值计算和由吸附单元管组合而成的吸附床的性能初步试验,证明该结构形式的吸附单元管具有优良的传热传质性能。     

传热与传质性能对余热吸附制冰机的影响

文中选用甲醇为制冷剂,对散装活性炭与块状活性炭的吸附式制冰在传热、传质方面进行了试验对比研究,结果表明,散装活性炭在有回热回质条件下COP可以大幅度提高。块状活性炭的传热系数远远好于散装活性炭。在块状活性炭吸附床的传质问题解决后,每个吸附床的吸附剂为48 kg时,两床系统有望实现日制冰600 kg。     

基于沸石和活性炭的二级吸附式制冷循环系统

二级吸附式制冷循环是降低吸附式制冷机驱动热源温度的有效措施,但是存在传质性能下降的问题。通过一级、二级循环吸附剂循环吸附量分析发现,不同循环采用不同吸附剂,可充分挖掘不同吸附剂吸附性能潜力,能够解决二级吸附式制冷循环系统采用单一吸附剂造成传质恶化的局面。本文选择沸石FAM-Z01、活性炭分别为一级、二级循环对应的吸附剂,建立不同吸附剂二级吸附式制冷循环系统,并开展系统性能研究。     

颗粒堆积吸附床内三维数值传热计算

吸附床内传热过程的分析和计算是吸附式制冷研究的重要基础内容之一.在对颗粒堆积吸附床内传热过程分析的基础上,通过对吸附床内复杂传热过程进行合理简化,建立了吸附床内部三维非稳态无内热源传热数学模型,并以硅胶-水工质对为例进行了求解,计算所得吸附床换热系数数值与根据相关文献中提供的实验数据所推算山的数值十分接近.同时,根据计算结果分析了吸附床内部传热过程,为颗粒堆积吸附床的设计和优化提供了一种简单而有效的理论方法.     

沸石分子筛/泡沫铝复合吸附剂及其吸附制冷性能

本文提出了一种强化传热传质的沸石分子筛／泡沫铝复合吸附剂及其制备方法,用HotDisk热物性测量仪测量了其导热系数为2．89 W／mK。基于平衡吸附对其吸附制冷的性能进行了理论计算,并与沸石分子筛-水吸附制冷系统性能进行了比较。结果表明虽然由于金属铝的热容影响,使系统COP下降,但制冷功率有大幅提高。     

相变微胶囊的热导率测量

提出应用3ω谐波探测技术进行脲醛树脂-石蜡相变微胶囊的等效热导率测量方法。测试了跨越相变温度区间的微胶囊等效热导率,分析了等效热导率随温度的变化关系。在其相变温度区间内,热导率存在极大值,该极值点对应的温度与其相变温度峰值一致。同样温度下,降温时的等效热导率略小于升温,这主要是由降温时相变材料的过冷引起。     

A model for the thermal conductivity of nanofluids – the effect of interfacial layer

A model for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids is proposed. It has been documented that the interfacial layer at the solid (particle)/liquid interface and particle size is one of the major mechanisms for enhancing the thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Comparing with other classical models, the proposed model takes into account some additional effects including volume fraction, thickness, thermal conductivity of the interfacial layer and particle size. The proposed model is found to be better than the existing models since the predicted effective thermal conductivity of different types of nanofluids are closer to the experimental results.     

Proton conducting composite membranes comprising sulfonated Poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide) and zeolite for fuel cell

Sulfonated poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide; SPPS) was prepared from poly(1,4- phenylene sulfide) and fuming sulfuric acid by sulfonation process. Novel hybrid organic/inorganic composite polymer electrolyte membranes based on sulfonated poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide) membrane with varying concentrations of zeolite were synthesized. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy implied the presence of a specific interaction between SPPS and zeolite particles. Upon increasing the zeolite concentration to 10 wt.%, the proton conductivity of composite membrane reduced from 0.075 to 0.02 S cm⁻¹ at room temperature which may be due to strong interaction between sulfonic group of SPPS and the zeolite particles. The water uptake of the composite membrane reduced from 255% to 150% with the increase of the zeolite concentration to 10 wt.%. The thermal stability analysis showed the enhancement of thermal stability of the composite membranes with increasing concentration of zeolite.     

自激振荡流热管脉冲加热强化传热实验研究

自激振荡流热管也称为脉动热管,是一种新型高效的传热元件。本文提出了采用脉冲加热代替常规连续热源加热强化自激振荡流热管传热的方法,并对其进行了实验研究。实验结果显示,脉冲加热时热管冷、热端壁面温度的振荡频率明显大于连续加热热管的壁面温度振荡频率。在相同的加热功率下,当脉冲宽度在200-1000 ms时,脉冲加热热管的传输热流量与当量导热系数均大于连续加热热管的传输功率和当量导热系数．这表明脉冲加热强化自激振荡流热管传热的方法是可行的．     

Combined effect of nanochitosan and succinonitrile on structural, mechanical, thermal, and electrochemical properties of plasticized nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (PNCPE) for lithium batteries

A sequence of novel plasticized polymer nanocomposite electrolyte systems based on polyethylene oxide (PEO) as polymer host, LiCF₃SO₃ as salt, and a variety of concentrations of nanochitosan as inert filler, succinonitrile as a solid non-ionic plasticizer has been prepared. The prepared membranes were subjected to X-ray diffraction, FT-IR, tensile strength, morphological studies, thermal analysis, AC ionic conductivity measurement, and interfacial analyses. The combined effect of succinonitrile and nanochitosan on the electrochemical properties of polymer electrolytes has been studied, and it was confirmed that the ionic conductivity is significantly increased. The maximum ionic conductivity of the plasticized nanocomposite polymer electrolytes are found to be in the range of 10^?2.8?S/cm. Besides, the interfacial stability also shows a significant improvement. The tensile measurement and thermal analysis results illustrate that the electrolytes based on that polymer host possess good mechanical and thermal stabilities.     

Carbon nanotube-epoxy composites: The role of acid treatment in thermal and electrical conductivity

Wet acid oxidation treatment methods have been widely reported as an effective method to purify and oxidize the surface of industrial multi-walled carbon nanotubes. This work examines the use of a concentrated HNO₃/H₂SO₄ mixture in an attempt to optimize the purification procedure of industrial multi-walled carbon nanotubes with diameter distribution statistics. It is shown that acid treatments of several hours are enough to purify the nanotubes. The electrical and thermal conductivities of epoxy composites containing 0.05–0.25 wt% of an acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotube have been studied. The electrical conductivity of the composites decreases by more than three orders, whereas the thermal conductivity of the same specimen increases very modestly as a function of the filler content.     

Lattice thermal conductivity of polyvinyl acetate at low temperatures

The lattice thermal conductivity of a non-crystalline polymer has been studied at low temperatures in the frame of the density fluctuation model by calculating the total lattice thermal conductivity of polyvinyl acetate in the temperature range 0.1–4K as an example and a very good agreement has been reported between the calculated and the experimental values of the lattice thermal conductivity in the entire temperature range of study. It is also found that at low temperatures, the lattice thermal resistivity of a non-crystalline polymer is mainly due to scattering of phonons by empty spaces.     

热源温度对导热系数测量的影响

基于稳态平板法研究了不同热源温度对橡胶样品的导热系数测量值的影响。利用多项式拟合法对实验数据进行处理和分析,并将实验值与公认值相对照。结果表明,热源温度为60℃是最合适的,在此温度下实验的实际总耗时相对较短,并且导热系数测量值最准确,其相对不确定度最小。     

The Role of Interfacial Layers in the Enhanced Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids: A Renovated Maxwell Model

Nanofluids, a new class of solid/liquid suspensions, offer scientific challenges because their measured thermal conductivity is one order of magnitude greater than predictions. It has long been known that liquid molecules close to a solid surface form layered solid-like structures, but little is known about the connection between this nanolayer and the thermal properties of the suspensions. Here, we have modified the Maxwell equation for the effective thermal conductivity of solid/liquid suspensions to include the effect of this ordered nanolayer. Because this ordered nanolayer has a major impact on nanofluid thermal conductivity when the particle diameter is less than 10 nm, a new direction is indicated for development of next-generation coolants.