Cosmology from MAXIMA-1, BOOMERANG, and COBE DMR cosmic microwave background observations

Recent results from BOOMERANG-98 and MAXIMA-1, taken together with COBE DMR, provide consistent and high signal-to-noise measurements of the cosmic microwave background power spectrum at spherical harmonic multipole bands over 2相似文献   

The dynamical evolution of 3-space in a higher dimensional steady state universe

We investigate a class of cosmological solutions of Einstein’s field equations in higher dimensions with a cosmological constant and an ideal fluid matter distribution as a source. We discuss the dynamical evolution of the universe subject to two constraints that (i) the total volume scale factor of the universe is constant and (ii) the effective energy density is constant. We obtain various interesting new dynamics for the external space that yield a time varying deceleration parameter including oscillating cases when the flat/curved external and curved/flat internal spaces are considered. We also comment on how the universe would be conceived by an observer in four dimensions who is unaware of the extra dimensions.     

Friedmann cosmology with decaying vacuum density

Among the several proposals to solve the incompatibility between the observed small value of the cosmological constant and the huge value obtained by quantum field theories, we can find the idea of a decaying vacuum energy density, leading from high values at early times of universe evolution to the small value observed nowadays. In this paper we consider a variation law for the vacuum density recently proposed by Schützhold on the basis of quantum field estimations in the curved, expanding background, characterized by a vacuum density proportional to the Hubble parameter. We show that, in the context of an isotropic and homogeneous, spatially flat model, the corresponding solutions retain the well established features of the standard cosmology, and, in addition, are in accordance with the observed cosmological parameters. Our scenario presents an initial phase dominated by radiation, followed by a dust era long enough to permit structure formation, and by an epoch dominated by the cosmological term, which tends asymptotically to a de Sitter universe. Taking the matter density equals to half of the vacuum energy density, as suggested by observation, we obtain a universe age given by Ht = 1.1, and a decelerating parameter equals to −1/2.     

Probing the dark energy with quasar clustering

We show through Monte Carlo simulations that the Alcock-Paczyński test, as applied to quasar clustering, is a powerful tool to probe the cosmological density and equation of state parameters Omega(m0), Omega(x0), and w. By taking into account the effect of peculiar velocities upon the correlation function we obtain for the Two-Degree Field QSO Redshift Survey the predicted confidence contours for the cosmological constant (w = -1) and spatially flat (Omega(m0)+Omega(x0) = 1) cases. For w = -1, the test is especially sensitive to the difference Omega(m0)-Omega(Lambda0), thus being ideal to combine with cosmic microwave background results. For the flat case, it is competitive with future supernova and galaxy number count tests, besides being complementary to them.     

The Hubble parameter in the early universe with viscous QCD matter and finite cosmological constant

The evolution of a flat, isotropic and homogeneous universe is studied. The background geometry in the early phases of the universe is conjectured to be filled with causal bulk viscous fluid and dark energy. The energy density relations obtained from the assumption of covariant conservation of energy‐momentum tensor of the background matter in the early universe are used to derive the basic equation for the Hubble parameter H. The viscous properties described by ultra‐relativistic equations of state and bulk viscosity taken from recent heavy‐ion collisions and lattice QCD calculations have been utilized to give an approximate solution of the field equations. The cosmological constant is conjectured to be related to the energy density of the vacuum. In this treatment, there is a clear evidence for singularity at vanishing cosmic time t indicating the dominant contribution from the dark energy. The time evolution of H seems to last for much longer time than the ideal case, where both cosmological constant and viscosity coefficient are entirely vanishing.     

Correspondence between holographic and Gauss–Bonnet dark energy models

In the present work we investigate the cosmological implications of holographic dark energy density in the Gauss–Bonnet framework. By formulating independently the two cosmological scenarios, and by enforcing their simultaneous validity, we show that there is a correspondence between the holographic dark energy scenario in flat universe and the phantom dark energy model in the framework of Gauss–Bonnet theory with a potential. This correspondence leads consistently to an accelerating universe. However, in general one has not full freedom of constructing independently the two cosmological scenarios. Specific constraints must be imposed on the coupling with gravity and on the potential.     

Cosmological Model Universe Consisting of Two Forms of Dark Energy

Considering a spatially flat FRW metric we obtain a model universe consisting partly of quintessence form of dark energy and partly of cosmological constant form of dark energy; and after studying their physical,dynamical and kinematical properties it is found that our model is a new and viable form of model universe containing dark energy.     

第五讲暗能量和德西特时空

最近的天文观测表明，宇宙是在加速膨胀，而不是原来认为的减速膨胀．为解释加速膨胀，必须在宇宙的物质能量中引入暗能量这一成分，文章讨论了暗能量的可能侯选者，特别强调了宇宙常数问题、德西特时空问题以及和德西特时空相关的一些基本问题．     

The Decay of Massive Scalar Field in Non-Static Gödel Type Universe with Viscous Fluid and Heat Flow

In this study, we have investigated the dynamics of non-static Gödel type rotating universe with massive scalar field, viscous fluid and heat flow in the presence of cosmological constant. For various cosmic matter forms, the behavior of the cosmological constant (Λ), shear (η) and bulk (ξ) viscosity coefficients and other kinematic quantities have studied in the early universe. We have showed the decay of massive scalar field in the non-static rotating Gödel type universe and we have obtained constant scalar field with and without source density. Also, we have investigated the effects of massive scalar field on the matter density and pressure. From solutions of the field equations, we have a cosmological model with non-zero expansion, shear, heat flux and rotation. Also some physical and geometrical aspects of the model discussed.