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1.
d维自由理想体系热力学性质的统一描述   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
陈丽璇 《大学物理》1999,18(12):6-10
对能谱为ε=ap^t型的自由理想系统进行统一物描述,导出d维系统基本热力学函数的普遍青工,由它可迅速快地求得近独立费米子、玻色子和经典体系的所有热力学性质。  相似文献   

2.
n维经典非理想气体的物态方程与热力学函数   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
李鹤龄 《大学物理》2005,24(4):11-13
求出了n维经典非理想气体的物态方程和热力学函数.由London理论得出了维数n(n<6)不同时的经典非理想气体的物态方程形式基本一样,且与能谱关系无关的结论;当维数n≥6时,如果仍用London理论,巨配分函数发散,此时物态方程及热力学函数将无意义.事实上只要使用刚性球模型,无论是否使用London理论,总存在一个维数n,当维数大于n时巨配分函数发散.  相似文献   

3.
根据工程热力学理论对涡流管工作过程进行了热力学分析,在h—s图上定性地表示出热力过程,获得了过程中相关参数的计算公式。通过对管内能量分离过程热力学分析,借助J.Mischner的热力学熵增理论,获得了涡流管内能量分离效应与冷气流率的函数关系式,建立了完整的涡流管能量分离过程的热力学模型。  相似文献   

4.
沈惠川 《物理学报》2005,54(6):2482-2488
用分析热力学的观点和方法研究了温度的相对论变换公式,得到了与Planck,Einstein和de Broglie完全相同的结果:T=1-β2T0;分析热力学的特色和 优点是,在推演过程 中根本不需要δQ=1-βδQ0这一可能引起争议的和p=p0这 一显而易见的相对论变换公式,它们是作为附带结果出现的. 关键词: 分析热力学 相对论热力学 平衡态热力学 热力学基本Poisson括号  相似文献   

5.
宋晓艳  高金萍  张久兴 《物理学报》2005,54(3):1313-1319
以往关于纳米材料热力学的研究,绝大多数以界面的热力学函数表征整体纳米材料的热力学性质,这种近似处理,对于尺寸超过几十纳米的较粗纳米材料,在相变热力学中对特征转变温度和临界尺寸等重要参量的预测,将导致很大误差. 应用“界面膨胀模型”和普适状态方程,研究了纳米晶界的热力学特性,进一步发展了纳米晶整体材料热力学函数的计算模型,给出了单相纳米多晶体的焓、熵和吉布斯自由能随界面过剩体积、温度,以及晶粒尺寸发生变化的明确表达式. 以Co纳米晶为例,分析了界面与整体纳米多晶体热力学函数的差异,确定了相变温度与晶粒尺寸的依赖关系,以及一定温度下可能发生相变的临界尺寸. 关键词: 纳米多晶体 热力学函数 相变热力学  相似文献   

6.
李述华 《大学物理》1994,13(4):9-13,17
深入地再探讨准热力学理论的一些基本问题,得出结论:适当定义的涨落态熵同平衡态熵精确地遵从一样的热力学关系;准热力学理论的涨落概率公式只能取系统理论公式的高斯近似;应十分注意准热力学理论既是系统理论的近似,又是它的推广的关系。  相似文献   

7.
论Gibbs方程的热力学本性及热力学函数的物理意义   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
贾世忠 《大学物理》2004,23(1):12-15
对Gibbs方程的热力学本性作了再认识,论述了热力学函数U、H、A、G的物理意义,尝试从一般的运动和势能的关系上理解热力学.  相似文献   

8.
n维粒子系统的状态函数   总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5  
对能谱关系为ε=ap^s(s=1,2)的n维气体作了统一讨论,并给出了n维理想气体以及n维弱简并理想费米气体和玻色气体的状态方程及各热力学函数。  相似文献   

9.
《大学物理》2021,40(8)
几何和热力学中的联系长期没有受到足够的注意.本文用几何分析了热力学中的三个问题.第一,从数学上切触几何理解汤姆孙-贝特洛原理,并直接提炼出热力学第三定律;第二,如何从二维曲面的高斯曲率研究气液临界点附近的形状,研究van der Waals方程中a、b系数是否和温度有关这一问题;第三,涨落理论可以有度规描述并具有标量曲率,并利用van der Waals方程展示了标量曲率如何刻画分子之间的相互作用.因此,通过挖掘热力学问题的几何内涵不但可以解决热力学疑难问题,还可以发现新的研究方向.  相似文献   

10.
本文在两带准粒子模型下研究了Kondo晶格中超导热力学临界场的行为。我们唯象地引入了准粒子之间的有效吸引相互作用,由系统的两个超导序参量所满足的自洽方程出发计算了超导态与正常态热力学函数之差,由此得到了Kondo晶格中超导热力学临界场的表达式,并结合重费米子超导体CeCu_2Si_2、UBe_(13)和UPt_3的有关实验对所得理论结果进行了讨论。  相似文献   

11.
The vibrational thermodynamic properties of doped anharmonic solids are investigated using thermodynamic Green's functions. The study uses cubic and quartic anharmonic interactions, and different masses and force constants for the impurity and host lattice atoms. The explicit expressions so derived for the partition function, free energy, entropy, and lattice heat capacity for these solids in the low-impurity-concentration limit are discussed for various situations. Our results are modified due to the presence of interaction terms between the anharmonic and localized fields and reduce to those obtained by earlier workers as limiting cases.  相似文献   

12.
Relaxation and failure mechanisms in solids with mesoscopic defects are considered in the context of a specific class of critical phenomena—structural-scaling transitions. The association of collective modes in mesodefect ensembles with gauge invariance in string theory is discussed. Statistical and thermodynamic properties of deformed solids are studied in relation to dynamics of collective modes of defects.  相似文献   

13.
We prove existence of a shape- and boundary-condition-independent thermodynamic limit for fluids and solids of identical particles with electric or magnetic dipole moments. Our result applies to fluids of hard-core particles, to dipolar soft spheres and Stockmayer fluids, to disordered solid composites, and to regular crystal lattices. In addition to their permanent dipole moments, particles may further polarize each other. Classical and quantum models are treated. Shape independence depends on the reduction in free energy accomplished by domain formation, so our proof applies only in the case of zero applied field. Existence of a thermodynamic limit implies texture formation in spontaneously magnetized liquids and disordered solids analogous to domain formation in crystalline solids.  相似文献   

14.
Using the example of copper, a self-consistent thermodynamic approach to constructing a model of the lattice of metallic nonmagnetic solids that allows for the anharmonicity of thermal phonons is demonstrated. The temperature dependences of the basic thermodynamic functions of the model metal calculated in terms of this approach are in satisfactory quantitative agreement with avaiable experimental data in a wide temperature range (many hundreds of kelvins).  相似文献   

15.
Burin  A. L.  Maksimov  L. A.  Polishchuk  I. Ya. 《JETP Letters》2004,80(7):513-522
JETP Letters - The interaction between tunneling system inherent in amorphous solids is established to be responsible for the universal behavior of their kinetics and thermodynamic properties at...  相似文献   

16.
E.-S. Oh 《哲学杂志》2013,93(3):427-440
This paper extends the thermodynamic behaviour of two-dimensional and simple three-dimensional crystalline solids developed by Oh et al. and Slattery and Lagoudas to more complex, multicomponent, three-dimensional, elastic, crystalline solids. The analysis recognizes that the Helmholtz free energy is an explicit function of the lattice vectors defining the crystalline structure. From this theory, we obtain the stress-deformation behaviour and the elastic properties of diamond, silicon, and silicon carbide, which are face-centred, cubic, crystal structure. These are compared with available experimental values.  相似文献   

17.
高占鹏 《物理学报》1981,30(5):679-685
本文应用普遍热力学关系,推导出固体介质的体膨胀系数、体模量、格临爱森(Grüneisen)系数与温度关系的理论公式,用它对MgO进行计算,其结果与实验值一致。  相似文献   

18.
Analysis of the experimental data on the kinetics of thermally activated processes in solids showed that the activation energy of such processes depends on the thermodynamic driving force and decreases to zero when the driving force reaches a critical value. In this case, processes are barrierless (athermal).  相似文献   

19.
20.
Using a numerical algorithm based on the time evolution of normal modes, we calculate the coefficient of restitution eta for various one-dimensional harmonic solids colliding with a hard wall. We find that, for a homogeneous chain, eta=1 in the thermodynamic limit. However, for a chain in which weaker springs are introduced in the colliding front half, eta remains significantly less than one even in the thermodynamic limit, and the "lost" energy goes mostly into low frequency normal modes. An understanding of these results is given in terms of how the energy is redistributed among the normal modes as the chain collides with the wall. We then contrast these results with those for collisions of one-dimensional harmonic solids with a soft wall. Using perturbation theory, we find that eta=1 for all harmonic chains in the extremely soft wall limit, but that inelasticity grows with increasing chain size in contrast to hard wall collisions.  相似文献   

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