脉动流方柱绕流特性研究

本文数值模拟雷诺数Re=100的条件下,脉动流振幅和频率分别为0.2≤A≤0.8和0≤f_P≤20 Hz时方柱绕流特性.通过数值计算得到方柱绕流的升、阻力系数,涡脱频率及尾涡特性,且稳定流下计算结果与文献结果一致。研究结果表明脉动流是一种有效的主动流动控制方法;在脉动流频率f_P为1.2~2.6自然涡脱频率f_(sn)时,旋涡脱落频率存在"锁定"现象;在锁定范围内,尾涡形成区域变短,时均阻力系数显著增大,且在脉动流频率等于两倍频率时,时均阻力系数达到峰值;随着振幅的增大,频率"锁定"范围增大。     

可变周期谐波平衡法求解周期性非定常涡脱落问题

谐波平衡法是一种高效周期性非定常流动频域计算方法.本文研究可变周期谐波平衡法,通过求解Navier-Stokes方程模拟低速不可压条件下的二维钝体绕流周期性非定常涡脱落问题.对于这类流动变化周期未知的非定常问题,将涡脱落周期T作为变量,采用基于残差导数的可变周期计算方法推进求解.以圆柱绕流和方柱绕流为例,研究考察了谐波平衡法的计算精度和效率,并分析研究了不同参数对计算结果的影响.针对圆柱绕流问题,采用三种不同优化方法进行周期T的迭代计算,对比研究了它们的计算精度和效率.计算结果表明:谐波平衡法采用3个谐波数就可以准确模拟周期性非定常涡脱落问题,辨识的涡脱落频率和阻力系数与实验值及其他数值结果一致,与时域方法相比该方法具有较高的计算效率.不同优化方法的计算结果相同,共轭梯度法和牛顿法的收敛速度与最速下降法采用较大搜索步长时的收敛速度一致.由于牛顿法没有参数问题,因此该方法在工程计算中更有优势.     

尺度自适应模拟和大涡模拟的关联性分析

采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,系统研究了尺度自适应模拟（scale-adaptive simulation,SAS）和大涡模拟（large-eddy simulation,LES）的关联性问题.在理论分析方面,对比分析了系综平均和滤波的定义、Spalart-Allmaras（SA）湍流模型和动态亚格子（subgrid-scale,SGS）模型关于湍流黏性系数的求解方式.理论分析结果表明,系综平均等价于盒式直接滤波,SAS和LES的控制方程在数学形式上具有一致性;SAS存在过多的湍流耗散,主要来自于SA输运方程中的扩散项.在数值模拟方面,选取来流Mach数0.55,Reynolds数2×105的圆柱可压缩绕流为分析算例.计算结果表明,SAS和LES预测的大尺度平均流场信息几乎一致,SAS预测的湍流脉动信息略低于LES.SAS在圆柱近尾迹区的湍流耗散过大,而在稍远的尾迹区几乎能够完全等效于LES.      

方柱绕流大涡模拟

采用有限体/有限元混合格式、非结构网格和大涡模拟方法求解可压缩的N-S方程,对Re=22 000的方柱绕流进行数值模拟,并对不同的边界条件进行详细的分析比较.通过对以往研究经验的总结和利用精细的边界条件,使得采用二阶精度的数值格式和较稀疏的网格仍然得到了令人满意的计算结果,甚至优于以往采用密网格的模拟结果.     

大雷诺数下方柱绕流PIV试验及数值模拟

基于风洞试验利用粒子图像测速技术(PIV)研究了大雷诺数(Re=3.42×10~4)下方柱绕流流场,并应用本征正交分解(POD)法分解PIV瞬态速度场,获得了方柱尾流的低阶模态和重构流场结果,研究方柱绕流的流动机理.采用γ-Re_θ和k-ωSST两种湍流模型研究了大雷诺数下方柱尾流的速度分布以及湍动能变化。风洞PIV试验可准确的观测方柱尾流脉动流场,基于POD方法得到的前6阶模态占总能量的78.7%,前6阶模态即可较准确重构流场并捕获流场的主要特征。通过对比,γ-Re_θ模型是较优的湍流模型,可较好地得到尾流的湍动能及其变化规律。     

淹没水射流流场的DES模拟与实验研究

为了深入分析淹没水射流流动特征,综合采用数值模拟和流场测量进行研究。数值模拟应用基于S-A模型的DES方法,并通过圆柱绕流验证数值方法的有效性;流场测量采用粒子图像测速技术。研究表明:采用的数值模拟方案可以准确预测圆柱的升力系数、阻力系数和尾流中旋涡脱落的斯特劳哈数;模拟和实验获得的射流速度沿轴向和径向的衰减规律吻合;模拟获得的射流半值宽度线的斜率小于实验结果,主要是由于对剪切层厚度的预测不足所致;在垂直于射流束横截面上,涡量呈现双峰分布;射流的涡量随着射流发展呈总体衰减趋势。     

边条翼后掠角对钝头细长旋成体非对称流动的影响

为探究大迎角时边条翼前缘后掠角对钝头细长旋成体导弹绕流特性的影响,开展了模型表面测压和粒子图像测速的风洞实验,研究了亚临界Reynolds数Re=150000、迎角α=50°条件下不同前缘后掠角固定边条翼的钝头细长旋成体非对称绕流特性.结果表明,在边条翼上游区,后掠角增大使边条涡涡位更靠近前体物面且对称性更好,导致前体...     

圆柱绕流气动声的偶极子及四极子源法定量研究

以亚临界三维圆柱绕流的气动噪声为对象,研究声类比理论中偶极子及四极子源模型在预测低Mach数流动气动声的可靠性及准确性。使用大涡模拟(LES)得到非定常流场,并依据声类比中的Curle等效偶极子面源和Lighthill四极子体源模型,提取相应的声源数据,经Fourier变换得到涡脱落频率处的声源信息,进而定量预测圆柱绕流的气动声。结果表明:Curle模型的结果与实验结果吻合良好,Lighthill体源模型预测的准确性依赖于声源区域截断,不恰当的声源截断将导致错误的声场预测。      

低速二维后向台阶流动中的壁面压强脉动

为了能排除三维结构对涡脱和剪切层旋涡的影响，使用实验方法研究了一个小展高比（AR=0.125）的后向台阶流动.该实验台类似纯二维的Hele-Shaw Cell.流动被局限在两个平行且距离为5 mm的有机玻璃板之间.台阶高度H为40 mm，扩张比2:3.在台阶下游中央沿流动方向安装16个麦克风组成的传感器阵列采集壁面脉动压强.来流速度U₀在9~26 m/s之间连续可调.通过计算脉动压强分布、频谱，不同位置的相关性和相干性系数，发现并分析流动存在一个临界Reynolds数.流场在临界Reynolds数前后存在明显不同的流动特征.实验结果表明在低Reynolds数下依然存在剪切层的低频摆动；当Reynolds数大于临界Reynolds数时，分离后流动由涡结构传播的特性主导.      

基于转捩SST模型凸起圆柱绕流数值研究

为了研究局部凸起对边界层转捩的影响,采用转捩SST模型分别对亚临界、临界和超临界状态下带突起的圆柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟,分析了不同Reynolds数下带突起的圆柱绕流问题的近壁面流动特征以及表面时均压力与摩擦力系数的分布和凸起对圆柱表面流动分离以及转捩的影响,对比了有无凸起两侧圆柱表面时均压力、摩擦力系数的不同. 结果表明:当来流Reynolds数处于临界区时,气流在圆柱上表面凸起处形成了3个反向旋转的漩涡,之后随着θ的增大,发生了流动分离和流动转捩现象;对于不同Reynolds数下的来流,圆柱上表面的凸起可以使气流发生转捩的位置提前;圆柱上表面的凸起使流速增大、压强降低,从而导致圆柱产生升力,随着来流Reynolds数的增大,其升力逐渐变大.      

Lattice—BGK simulation of a two—dimensional channel flow around a square cylinder

The confined flow around a square cylinder mounted inside a two-dimensional channel (blockage ratio $\be=1/8$) was investigated in detail by a newly developed incompressible nonuniform lattice-BGK model. It is found that the vortex shedding behind the cylinder induces periodicity in the flow field, and the periodicity of the flow will lose for $Re>$300. A detailed analysis for a range of Reynolds numbers between 1 and 500 was presented. Quantitative comparisons with other methods show that the model gives accurate results for complex flows.     

On the application of the two-level large-eddy simulation method to turbulent free-shear and wake flows

We present application of the hybrid two-level large-eddy simulation (TLS-LES) method, a multi-scale simulation model, to turbulent free-shear and wake flows at moderately high Reynolds number. The TLS-LES method combines the scale-separation-based two-level simulation (TLS) model with the spatial-filtering-based conventional large-eddy simulation (LES) model in an additive manner using a normalised blending function. The additive blending can be performed in a static or a dynamic manner. We demonstrate that the method, which has been originally developed for wall-bounded flows, can be used to simulate flows in complex configurations without requiring any further adjustments to the model. In this study, three canonical flows are simulated, which are representative of free-shear and wake flows. These cases include a temporally evolving mixing layer, flow past a circular cylinder in a uniform flow and flow past a finite-span airfoil placed in a uniform flow at three different angle of attacks. We analyse the role of static and dynamic blending functions, large-scale grid resolution and the effect of small scales on the instantaneous flow features and turbulence statistics. The results obtained from these cases demonstrate robustness, accuracy and consistency of the multi-scale TLS-LES method and show that the method is suitable for investigation of turbulent flows that encompass features such as massive separation, reattachment, transition to turbulence and unsteady wake, which are challenging to model numerically.     

具有多孔介质覆面层的柱体绕流流场分析

建立多孔结构覆面柱体绕流模型, 采用含Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer作用力项的格子Boltzmann方程对覆盖多孔介质层的方柱绕流进行数值模拟, 研究多孔介质对钝体绕流流场特性的影响。结果表明: 相比于不可渗透壁的柱体, 引入合适参数的多孔介质覆面层后可以有效降低其升力脉动幅值, 但阻力有所增加。同时, 较高雷诺数下多孔方柱的数值模拟表明: 多孔介质壁面使得尾迹区域的剪切层相距更远, 降低了尾流处湍动能, 并将雷诺应力的峰值移动到尾迹区域, 抑制了方柱两侧的动量交换, 使动量交换的位置发生在尾迹区域, 继而使得尾迹的涡街更加规则化。     

绕圆柱体自由表面磁流体流动和传热的研究

本文对在不同雷诺数下,绕圆柱体的磁流体自由表面流动及传热进行了模拟,分析了磁场对绕流圆柱尾迹和涡分离的影响,获得了两种雷诺数下的电磁力密度、流场和温度场分布。结果表明,磁场不仅影响了流动的形态,而且对湍流有抑制作用,降低了自由表面的更新机制,从而减少了传热能力;在相同的Hartmann数下,相比低雷诺数下的流动换热情况,高雷诺数下的湍流不能被完全抑制,自由表面与尾迹的相互作用也较强,因而自由表面换热也较强。     

Effect of the number of grooves on flow characteristics around a circular cylinder with triangular grooves

In the flow around a circular cylinder, a sudden decrease in the mean drag coefficient occurs at a high Reynolds number, but the same phenomenon occurs at a lower Reynolds number in the case where there exist grooves or roughness on the cylinder surface. In this paper, in order to make clear the flow characteristics around a cylinder with 20, 26 and 32 triangular grooves, the mean drag coefficient, pressure distribution, velocity distribution and turbulence intensity distribution were measured. Moreover, the flow around the cylinder was analyzed by applying the RNGk − ɛ turbulent model, and the surface flow pattern was investigated using the oil-film technique. From these results, it was found that a sudden decrease in the mean drag coefficient of a cylinder with 32 triangular grooves occurs at a lower Reynolds number compared with 20 and 26 triangular grooves.     

Dense granular flow around a penetrating object: experiment and hydrodynamic model

We present in this Letter experimental results on the bidimensional flow field around a cylinder penetrating into dense granular matter, together with drag force measurements. A hydrodynamic model based on extended kinetic theory for dense granular flow reproduces well the flow localization close to the cylinder and the corresponding scalings of the drag force, which is found to not depend on velocity, but linearly on the pressure and on the cylinder diameter and weakly on the grain size. Such a regime is found to be valid at a low enough "granular" Reynolds number.     

纳米尺度圆柱绕流现象的分子动力学模拟研究

本文采用分子动力学模拟方法,利用Lennard-Jones(L-J)势能模型,模拟了Re为28时Ar流体流过Pt纳米圆柱的绕流现象.采用小步长时均值作为涡的瞬时值的方法,在纳米尺度、纳秒量级下得到了涡的周期性产生、组合、发展和脱落现象;在大步长时均条件下,得到了稳定的对称涡,表现出了绕流现象在不同时间范围内的不同特征.绕流过程还体现了流体的密度变化,圆柱上游密度大于下游密度、对称的两侧离轴线越远密度越大.结果表明,分子动力学模拟方法可以有效地细节刻画圆柱绕流现象.     

Effect of groove shape on flow characteristics around a circular cylinder with grooves

In the flow around a circular cylinder, a sudden decrease in the drag force occurs at a high Reynolds number, but the same phenomenon occurs at a lower Reynolds number in the case where there exist grooves or roughness on the circular cylinder surface. In this paper, in order to make clear the flow characteristics around a circular cylinder in the case of changing the shapes of grooves, the drag coefficient, pressure distribution, velocity distribution and turbulent distribution were measured. Moreover the flow around the cylinder was analyzed by applying the RNGk · ∈ turbulent model, and the surface flow pattern was investigated using the oil-film technique. From these results, it is clear that the drag coefficient of a circular cylinder with triangular grooves decreases by about 15% compared with that of a circular cylinder with arc grooves.     

Local Heating Effect of Flow Past a Circular Cylinder

Heating effects of air flows past a two-dimensional circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers and low Mach numbers are investigated by numerical simulation. The cylinder wall is heated partially rather than heated on the whole surface as with previous researches. The heating effects are completely different for various heating locations on the cylinder surface. Heating either windward or leeward side stabilizes the flow and reduces or completely suppresses vortex shedding from the cylinder at supercritical Reynolds numbers, which is consistent with previous results of heating on the whole surface of the cylinder. However, as the lateral sides of the cylinder （perpendicular to the stream-wise direction） are heated, an adverse effect is found for the first time in that the flow is destabilized and vortex shedding can be excited at subcritical Reynolds numbers. As the lateral sides of the cylinder are cooled, the flow is stabilized.